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Biomedical subjects

J H Mueller

Publications and source records attributed to J H Mueller.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Self-referent processing of age-specific material.

College students and elderly subjects made self- and other-descriptiveness judgments about trait adjectives that were age-specific descriptors. The young adults favored endorsement of traits that had been judged descriptive of young adults, compared to traits that had been judged descriptive of elderly adults. However, elderly adults endorsed an equivalent number of young and elderly traits. This indicates that content specificity with regard to age is more a characteristic of young adults than elderly people, with elderly adults being "schematic" for descriptors of both young and older people. Nonetheless, for the elderly subjects, the speed of self-reference decisions was slower for the young traits relative to the elderly traits, as if the young traits were somewhat less accessible. Although elderly adults recalled fewer adjectives overall than young adults, their pattern of recall was similar for self- versus other-referenced items. Thus, it seem unlikely that age differences in spontaneous self-referencing account for the general age deficit in retention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Face memory and hemispheric preference: emotionality and extraversion.

Subjects made arousing or nonarousing judgments about photographs of strangers, then had an unannounced recognition test over the photographs. Emotional orienting tasks led to better retention than nonemotional tasks. Assuming emotionality is predominantly a right-hemisphere activity, then this result is consistent with other research showing a right-hemisphere advantage in processing faces. This difference was most clear for subjects with a right-hemisphere cognitive style. Extraversion had no effect on face recognition, nor did a subject's cognitive style seem to be associated with extraversion or neuroticism scores.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Body-image consciousness and self-reference effects in face recognition.

Subjects differing in body consciousness were compared on face memory. Compared to subjects low in body awareness, subjects with a highly developed body image showed enhanced retention of faces judged for similarity to self-appearance. Although the imaginal component of the self-concept may not be effective in general, subjects who are schematic on that dimension can effectively encode experiences in this way.

Body Image↗
PubMed1984

Likability of targets and distractors in facial recognition.

Target and distractor likability were examined in two studies of face memory. Subjects studied faces that had been rated by others as likable or unlikable . The test required subjects to identify the previously studied face in an array of four faces, where the distractor faces were either likable or unlikable . Overall, unlikable targets were more readily recognized than likable targets. In Experiment 2, distractor likability appeared to have little effect on correct recognition when response bias was ruled out. However, in Experiment 2, arrays involving all new faces showed that likable faces were more apt to be falsely identified as targets. In general, these results seem more in accord with an interpretation based on distinctiveness instead of affective responses.

Affect↗
PubMed1980

Age and access time for different memory codes.

Pairs of words were presented to young and elderly subjects for matching decisions on one of three bases: physical, acoustic or taxonomic indentity. Elderly subjects took longer for all types of decisions, especially for acoustic decisions. The only indication that the elderly were disproportionally slower for semantic decisions was for pairs requiring a "different" response, compared to decisions yielding a "same" response. These results suggest that speed of access to semantic information is not a major factor in age differences in recall following semantic or nonsemantic processing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Orienting strategies at study and test in facial recognition.

Following a study phase which involved an orienting task that required processing of either a physical feature of a face or an abstract trait of a person, subjects had a recognition test under special instructions to concentrate on either physical features, abstract qualities, or no special instructions. For hit rate and d', abstract study tasks led to better recognition than physical-feature tasks. For d', but not for hit rate, subjects switched from physical-feature to abstract strategies did considerably worse on the recognition test than subjects with a physical-feature task at study and test. Subjects switched from abstract to physical-feature processing showed only a small decrement relative to subjects with abstract processing in both phases. On a second test, subjects were required to identify the first-test distractors among additional new items, with no study items shown. There was no residual effect of type of test strategy.

Discrimination Learning↗
PubMed1979

Adult age differences in free recall as a function of basis of organization and method of presentation.

To examine age-related differences in the discovery of intralist relationships, young and elderly adults were presented a free-recall list in either the conventional successive single-item format or in a whole-list display. A list that could be organized by associative or rhyming intralist relationships was used to test the levels-of-processing model of memory as an explanation of age differences in recall. Young adults recalled more base-words, associates, and rhymes than elderly subjects on immediate free and cued tests and on an uncued test one week later. Elderly subjects showed less utilization of both semantic and nonsemantic intralist relationships. Age did not interact with method of presentation. Recall and organization deficits occurred for elderly adults even though they were less anxious than young adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Depth of processing and anxiety in facial recognition.

Subjects selected on the basis of test anxiety scores made a judgement about each face in a series of slides. These orienting tasks involved either abstract traits (e.g. dependability) or physical features (e.g. weight), and decisions were made relative to either an absolute criterion or self-reference. A subsequent recognition test revealed superior performance by low-anxiety subjects and by subjects who evaluated abstract features during study, but there were no depth by anxiety interactions. The reference point for the decision had little effect overall, but the anxiety deficit was more apparent when the absolute reference point was involved.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1979

Immediate and final recall of pictures and words with written or oral tests.

Immediate and delayed recall of pictures and words was examined as a function of semantic or nonsemantic orienting tasks and the type of test (written or oral). As expected, semantic tasks generally led to greater final recall than nonsemantic tasks, with semantic tasks even producing positive recency on the delayed test. The evidence for a picture-word difference was largely restricted to the final recall of items involved in negative decisions; for such items the advantage of semantic tasks was apparent only for pictures. This suggests that "congruity" may be an important factor in picture-word differences, with such differences more apparent for the weaker items from negative judgments. Type of test did not seem to be a major factor in determining level of recall, suggesting that reinspecting the recall protocol during a written immediate test does not contribute substantially to final recall performance.

Color Perception↗