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Biomedical subjects

J H Mendelson

Publications and source records attributed to J H Mendelson.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Alcohol use and premenstrual symptoms in social drinkers.

The relationship between premenstrual dysphoria and alcohol acquistion and use patterns was studied in 14 women over 35 days on a clinical research ward. A 7-day drug-free baseline was followed by 21 days of alcohol availability and a post-alcohol drug-free period of 7 days. Women could earn alcohol or 50 cents for 30 min of performance on a simple operant task. The Premenstrual Assessment Form (PAF) was administered during baseline and at the premenstruum. Menstrual cycle phase was associated with changes in alcohol use by 8 of the 14 women. Five women drank more during the premenstruum and scored higher on 12 of 18 PAF factors than women whose drinking remained the same (N = 6) or decreased (N = 3). Women who increased drinking had significantly higher PAF scores on impaired social functioning, hostility/anger and hysteroid features (P less than 0.05, 0.01). Women who drank less during the premenstruum reported more pain and physical discomfort, whereas women who drank about the same amount were relatively asymptomatic. PAF profiles reported at the premenstruum and baseline PAF profiles based on recall of the preceding three menstrual cycles were concordant in 13 of the 14 women (P less than 0.001-0.0001). These data suggest that women's perceptions of premenstrual symptomatology are stable through time.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Desipramine effects on cocaine self-administration by rhesus monkeys.

The effects of desipramine treatment (0.56-10.0 mg/kg per day) on cocaine self-administration were compared to saline treatment in five rhesus monkeys. Cocaine (0.050 or 0.100 mg/kg per inj) and food (1 g banana pellets) self-administration were maintained on an FR 4 (VR 16:S) reinforcement schedule. Desipramine (or an equal volume saline control solution) was infused over 1 h each day through the second lumen of an intravenous catheter. After 5 days of baseline saline treatment, seven doses of desipramine each were administered for 5 days in an ascending order. Cocaine self-administration increased (P less than 0.01) or remained equivalent to base-line levels in 4 of 5 subjects during the first 15 days of desipramine treatment (0.56 to 1.78 mg/kg per day). Three monkeys continued to self-administer cocaine equivalent to or significantly above base-line levels (P less than 0.01) during days 16-30 of desipramine treatment (3.2-7.86 mg/kg per day). The highest desipramine dose (10 mg/kg per day) significantly suppressed cocaine self-administration in only one of these three monkeys (P less than 0.01). Desipramine treatment (3.2-10.0 mg/kg per day) suppressed cocaine self-administration (P less than 0.01) without a concomitant suppression of food-maintained responding in one of five subjects. A generalized suppression of both cocaine and food-maintained responding (P less than 0.01) during desipramine treatment occurred in one monkey that took the highest base-line levels of cocaine (6.3 +/- 1.03 mg/kg per day). Food-maintained responding remained equivalent to or significantly above (P less than 0.01) base-line levels in four of five monkeys during desipramine treatment. A transient decrease in food self-administration at desipramine doses of 1.78-5.62 mg/kg per day occurred in one monkey (P less than 0.01). Thirty days of desipramine treatment at the highest doses (5.62, 7.86 and 10.0 mg/kg per day for 10 days each) also did not suppress cocaine self-administration in a monkey that took an average of 4 mg/kg per day of cocaine during saline base-line treatment. These primate data are concordant with the extant clinical literature on the inconsistent effects of desipramine treatment; i.e., both stimulation of cocaine use and inconsistent or incomplete attenuation of cocaine abuse during desipramine maintenance have been reported.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Characteristics of women receiving mandated treatment for alcohol or polysubstance dependence in Massachusetts.

Characteristics of the first 20 women consecutively admitted for treatment for alcohol or polysubstance dependence following civil commitment by Massachusetts courts were studied. Women were diagnosed as either alcohol dependent (n = 12) or polysubstance dependent (n = 8). Alcohol dependent women were older at initial alcohol use, onset of regular alcoholic use, first treatment admission, and at this admission. For the group as a whole 75% had completed high school; 50% were divorced and 35% were supported by public assistance. Seventy-five percent had a family history of alcoholism. This sample of women who received court-ordered alcohol and polysubstance dependence treatment had multiple social, psychological, legal and health problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Cocaine effects on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-stimulated anterior pituitary hormones in female rhesus monkey.

The effects of acute cocaine administration on synthetic LHRH-stimulated anterior pituitary hormones (LH, FSH, and PRL) were studied in 6 female rhesus monkeys during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (days 4-7). Integrated plasma samples were collected every 10 min for 40 min before iv administration of cocaine (0.4 or 0.8 mg/kg) or an equal volume of vehicle control solution. Synthetic LHRH (100 micrograms, iv) was administered 10 min after cocaine or placebo-cocaine administration, and 10 plasma samples were collected for an additional 100 min. LHRH stimulated a significant increase in LH within 10 min after placebo-cocaine administration (P less than 0.05) and after each dose of cocaine (P less than 0.0001). Cocaine (0.4 mg/kg) significantly enhanced LHRH stimulation of LH compared to placebo or 0.8 mg/kg cocaine administration (P less than 0.01). FSH increased significantly within 20-30 min after LHRH alone (P less than 0.008) and after 0.4 mg/kg cocaine (P less than 0.0001). LHRH-stimulated FSH levels also were significantly higher after 0.4 mg/kg cocaine than after placebo or 0.8 mg/kg cocaine (P less than 0.01). These data indicate that cocaine does not suppress LHRH stimulation of pituitary gonadotropins, and low doses of cocaine significantly enhance LH and FSH release. Consequently, cocaine does not compromise anterior-pituitary function at the level of the gonadotroph and may stimulate hypothalamic release of endogenous LHRH. PRL levels were unchanged by LHRH and placebo-cocaine administration. After LHRH and cocaine administration, PRL levels decreased significantly (P less than 0.05-0.01) and remained suppressed throughout the 110-min postcocaine sampling period. These data indicate that cocaine's significant suppression of PRL is not blocked by LHRH. These findings are consistent with dopaminergic inhibitory control of PRL and suggest that cocaine's inhibition of dopamine reuptake down-regulates pituitary lactotroph activity in rhesus monkey.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Alcohol effects on hCG-stimulated gonadal hormones in women.

Chronic alcohol abuse is associated with derangements of reproductive function in women. The mechanism of increased risk for alcohol-related abortions and fetal alcohol syndrome is unknown. The goal of this study was to determine if acute alcohol administration affected gonadal steroid hormone levels after administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to normal healthy women. hCG was used to simulate the hormonal milieu during the first trimester of pregnancy. Ten women were studied during the mid-luteal phase (between days 17 and 23) of their menstrual cycle. Plasma estradiol, progesterone and prolactin were measured before and after simultaneous administration of 5000 I.U. of hCG (Profasi) and alcohol or placebo solution under double-blind conditions. There was a significant increase in plasma estradiol (P less than .001) and prolactin levels (P less than .01) after hCG and alcohol administration but not after hCG and placebo administration. Plasma progesterone increased significantly (P less than .001) above base line after hCG and placebo administration but this was not observed after hCG and alcohol administration. Since progesterone is essential for the maintenance of pregnancy, alcohol's attenuation of the expected progesterone response to hCG stimulation could increase the risk of spontaneous abortion. An alcohol-induced increase in estradiol after hCG administration could contribute to risk for fetal dysmorphology during the first trimester of pregnancy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Acute effects of cocaine on prolactin and gonadotropins in female rhesus monkey during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.

The acute effects of i.v. cocaine on basal levels of prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone were examined in nine female rhesus monkeys during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (days 4-7). Integrated plasma samples were collected at 10-min intervals for 40 min before and 110 min after administration of cocaine (0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg i.v.). Cocaine plasma levels averaged 105 +/- 19 and 157 +/- 23 ng/ml after low- and high-dose administration. PRL decreased significantly (P less than .01) after cocaine administration and reached a nadir within 60 to 70 min. Inasmuch as cocaine blocks dopamine reuptake, PRL suppression is consistent with dopaminergic inhibitory control of PRL release from the pituitary. However, cocaine's effects on PRL were biphasic in 10 of 18 studies. PRL increased within 90 to 110 min post-cocaine and sometimes exceeded base-line levels by over 100%. The duration of PRL suppression (80 min) and the time of onset of the subsequent rebound PRL increase corresponds to the estimated half-life of i.v. cocaine in monkey plasma. PRL suppression followed by a rebound elevation also is consistent with clinical reports of hyperprolactinemia in chronic cocaine abusers. LH increased significantly (P less than .01) within 20 min after cocaine administration and remained above base-line for 40 to 50 min. Follicle-stimulating hormone did not change significantly after cocaine administration. Cocaine's stimulation of LH is consistent with cocaine's alleged enhancement of sexual arousal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Operant acquisition of alcohol by women.

Alcohol acquisition and use patterns were studied in 26 women on a clinical research ward. Women could earn alcohol (beer, wine or distilled spirits) or 50 for 30 min of performance on a second-order fixed ratio 300 (fixed interval 1 sec: S) schedule of reinforcement. Points earned for money and for alcohol were not interchangeable. A 7-day drug-free base line was followed by 21 days of alcohol availability and a postalcohol drug-free period of 7 days. Heavy, moderate and occasional drinkers differed significantly in the average number of alcohol drinks purchased (P less than .001). Five heavy drinkers purchased an average of 164 (+/- 14) drinks during the study; 12 moderate drinkers purchased an average of 80 (+/- 4) drinks; 9 occasional drinkers purchased an average of 26 (+/- 4) drinks. Individual drinking patterns fluctuated markedly from day-to-day. Daily peak blood alcohol levels (milligrams per deciliter) were significantly correlated with variations in daily drinking patterns in 22 of the 26 subjects (P less than .02-.0001). Computer analysis of daily alcohol consumption patterns (alcohol peak frequency and peak amplitude) showed that moderate drinkers had significantly more peaks in alcohol consumption than occasional drinkers (P less than .05). The average number of drinks constituting each peak was significantly greater for the heavy and moderate drinkers than for the occasional drinkers (P less than .05). The interval between successive peaks in alcohol consumption averaged 4.6 (+/- 0.8) days for the occasional drinkers, 3.2 (+/- 0.2) days for the moderate drinkers and 3.6 (+/- 0.17) days for the heavy drinkers but these differences were not statistically significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alcohol Drinking↗