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Biomedical subjects

J H Green

Publications and source records attributed to J H Green.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Comparisons between basal metabolic rate and diet-induced thermogenesis in different types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

1. Some patients with the emphysematous type of tobacco-related chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are hypermetabolic. Since the likely mechanism is the increased work of breathing, other groups of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease should be similar. We have now measured basal metabolic rate and diet-induced thermogenesis in six patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with an arterial partial pressure of CO2 of less than 5 kPa (emphysematous), nine patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with an arterial partial pressure of CO2 of greater than 6 kPa (bronchitic), eight patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to chronic asthma and seven control subjects. Diet-induced thermogenesis was measured for 4h after a meal of 87% carbohydrate, 11% protein and 2% fat as energy, with a total energy content of 40% of basal metabolic rate. 2. There was no difference between measured and predicted basal metabolic rate in the control (5541 +/- 272 versus 5881 +/- 245 kJ/24h) or emphysematous (5552 +/- 370 versus 6239 +/- 197 kJ/24h) groups, but measured basal metabolic rate was significantly higher than predicted in the bronchitic (6126 +/- 387 versus 5405 +/- 250 kJ/24h) and asthmatic (6293 +/- 197 versus 5701 + 245, mean +/- SEM, P less than 0.01) groups. All the control subjects had measured basal metabolic rates within 10% of predicted, whereas two out of six emphysematous patients, four out of nine bronchitic patients and five out of eight asthmatic patients were hypermetabolic. The contributions of fat, carbohydrate and protein oxidation rates to the overall basal metabolic rate were similar between groups. 3. Diet-induced thermogenesis was similar between groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1979

Preparation of reference antisera for laboratory diagnosis of blastomycosis.

Antiserum was prepared in rabbits against the A antigen and a new antigen (labeled the D antigen) of yeast-phase cells of Blastomyces dermatitidis by using immunoelectrophoretic precipitin arcs as vaccine. The antiserum can be used as a reference serum in the immunodiffusion test for identyfying antibodies to the A antigen in sera from patients thought to have blastomycosis. Antibodies to the D antigen have not yet been found in human sera. The rabbit antiserum that was absorbed with Histoplasma capsulatum yeast-phase cells did not react in the complement fixation test with either H. capsulatum yeast-phase or mycelial-phase complement fixation antigen. Therefore, it could also be used as a positive control serum in the complement fixation test. A fluorescent-antibody conjugate prepared from the absorbed serum was found to be valuable for the identification of yeast-phase cells of B. dermatitidis.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Variations in the microbial log reduction curves of irradiated cod fillets, shrimp, and their respective homogenates.

When cod (Gadus morhua morhua) and headless white shrimp (Penaeus setiferus) were gamma irradiated with a series of low-ionizing radiation doses, a "shoulder(s)" was observed in the graph (log microbial counts versus dose) in the approximate range of 25 to 75 krads. When the microbiological survivors were differentiated into total counts, proteolytic and pseudomonad-type bacteria, it was observed that the pseudomonad-type bacteria were rapidly destroyed by 25 krads and that proteolytic bacteria were destroyed at a faster rate than the rest of the microorganisms. When cod fillets and shrimp were compared with their respective homogenates and irradiated at doses of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100, 150, 200, and 300 krads, the homogenates did not exhibit the characteristic shoulders. A further experiment was designed to test surface versus uniform dispersion of microorganisms on/in gelatin disks subjects to low doses of irradiation. Differences were found that may explain the observed differences between solid food materials such as fish fillets and shrimp and their homogenates.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1976

Lipolytic fermentations of stickwater by Geotrichum candidum and Candida lipolytica.

Stickwater, a by-product of the fish meal and oil industry, is an aqueous suspension of fish proteins, lipids, and other materials, and also contains soluble nonprotein nitrogen but not carbohydrate. It is usually partially evaporated by heat to a marketable form called "fish solubles," which is sold with an acid preservative as an animal feed supplement. However, fish solubles are only used to a limited extent in feeds, because the lipids of solubles (averages 11%) are relatively prone to oxidative rancidity development. An investigation was undertaken to digest and/or stabilize lipids in stickwater by lipolytic fermentations and, at the same time, to attempt to increase the protein content as single cell protein. Strains of the yeast Candida lipolytica and the yeast like mold Geotrichum candidum were employed for these investigations. Stickwater fermentations were performed in a laboratory bench top fermentor. Respirometric studies of lipid metabolic activity and microbial observations were periodically performed during these fermentations. Rapid microbial growth and metabolic activity were observed in well aerated cultures. Fermented products were evaluated for chemical composition. Lipid residues were characterized by thin-layer chromatographic procedures. There was evidence of abundant microbial growth, increased lipolytic activity, and decreased lipid content. However, evidence was lacking to show that the protein content of stickwater was actually increased.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1976

H and M antigens of Histoplasma capsulatum: preparation of antisera and location of these antigens in yeast-phase cells.

Antiserum has been prepared in rabbits against the H and M antigens of H. capsulatum with immunoelectrophoretic precipitin arcs used as vaccines. The antiserum is specific for H. capsulatum in the immunodiffusion test and can be used as reference serum for identifying antibodies to these antigens in sera from suspected cases histoplasmosis. We found that (1) hand m antigens are not located on the surface of yeast-phase cells and (ii) complement fixation releases the antigens reactive in the complement fixation test from yeast-phase cells.

Antibodies, Fungal↗
PubMed1976

Stability of fluorescent antibody conjugates stored under various conditions.

Two experiments were carried out to determine the stability of fluorescent antibody conjugates. In experiment 1, Francisella tularemia conjugates in the lyophilized state retained their original staining titer for 1,294 days when stored at 25, 4 to 5, and -20 C; at 37 C the conjugates were stable for at least 65 days. In the liquid state at pH 7.4 and 8.0 these conjugates were stable for 1,294 days at 4 to 5 and -20 C, whereas those stored at 25 C remained stable through days 473 and 160 of storage, respectively, after which the staining titer gradually dropped. In experiment 2 five previously lyophilized conjugates were rehydrated with three different diluents and stored at 4 to 5 C for up to 600 days at their working dilutions. All of these conjugates retained their original staining titer during the test period except an anti-human globulin conjugate rehydrated with phosphate-buffered saline. Recommendations are made for the long-term storage of fluorescent antibody conjugates.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1975

Letter: Kilopascals.

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Blood Pressure Determination↗
PubMed1975

Evaluation of histoplasmin for the presence of H and M antigens: some difficulties encountered in the production and evaluation of a product suitable for the immunodiffusion test.

The development of a single histoplasmin suitable for use in immunodiffusion testing of a variety of human histoplasmosis sera depends not only upon the presence of both antigens, but on relative concentration of one to the other, and perhaps on the chemical characteristics of the H and M antigens of a given strain.

Antigens, Fungal↗