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Biomedical subjects

J H Graham

Publications and source records attributed to J H Graham.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Majocchi's granuloma.

Majocchi's granuloma (nodular granulomatous perifolliculitis) is a well recognized but uncommon infection of dermal and subcutaneous tissue by fungal organisms (dermatophytes) usually limited to the superficial epidermis. The organism usually associated with Majocchi's granuloma is Trichophyton rubrum; however, other dermatophytes including T. mentagrophytes (variety granulosum), T. epilans, T. violaceum, M. audouinii, M. gypseum, M. ferrugineum, and M. canis may be the causative agent. A review of 17 cases revealed not only the variety of possible organisms but also a marked variation from the usual hyphal forms. The morphologic variations including yeast forms, bizarre hyphae, mucinous coatings, and the Splendore-Hoeppeli phenomenon may be factors which allow the dermatophytes to persist and grow in an abnormal location. Also, there is evidence that Majocchi's granuloma may occur in two distinct groups of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Genomic Relatedness of Xanthomonas campestris Strains Causing Diseases of Citrus.

Xanthomonas campestris strains that cause disease in citrus were compared by restriction endonuclease analysis of DNA fragments separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and by DNA reassociation. Strains of X. campestris pv. citrumelo, which cause citrus bacterial spot, were, on average, 88% related to each other by DNA reassociation, although these strains exhibited diverse restriction digest patterns. In contrast, strains of X. campestris pv. citri groups A and B, which cause canker A and canker B, respectively, had relatively homogeneous restriction digest patterns. The groups of strains causing these three different citrus diseases were examined by DNA reassociation and were found to be from 55 to 63% related to one another. Several pathovars of X. campestris, previously shown to cause weakly aggressive symptoms on citrus, ranged from 83 to 90% similar to X. campestris pv. citrumelo by DNA reassociation. The type strain of X. campestris pv. campestris ranged from 30 to 40% similar in DNA reassociation experiments to strains of X. campestris pv. citrumelo and X. campestris pv. citri groups A and B. Whereas DNA reassociation quantified the difference between relatively unrelated groups of bacterial strains, restriction endonuclease analysis distinguished between closely related strains.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

Influence of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae and leaf age on net gas exchange of citrus leaves.

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi affect net assimilation of CO(2) (A) of different-aged citrus leaves independent of mineral nutrition effects of mycorrhizae. Citrus aurantium L., sour orange plants were grown for 6 months in a sandy soil low in phosphorus that was either infested with the VAM fungus, Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith, or fertilized with additional phosphorus and left nonmycorrhizal (NM). Net CO(2) assimilation, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and mineral nutrient status for expanding, recently expanded, and mature leaves were evaluated as well as plant size and relative growth rate of leaves. Nutrient status and net gas exchange varied with leaf age. G. intraradices-inoculated plants had well-established colonization (79% of root length) and were comparable in relative growth rate and size at final harvest with NM plants. Leaf mineral concentrations were generally the same for VAM and NM plants except for nitrogen. Although leaf nitrogen was apparently sufficient for high rates of A, VAM plants did have higher nitrogen concentrations than NM at the time of gas exchange measurements. G. intraradices had no effect on A, stomatal conductance, or water use efficiency, irrespective of leaf age. These results show that well-established VAM colonization does not affect net gas exchange of citrus plants that are comparable in size, growth rate, and nutritional status with NM plants.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

Deep penetrating nevus.

We report a clinical and histologic study of 70 patients, each with a single melanocytic lesion termed "deep penetrating nevus" (DPN). The lesions are most commonly found on the face, upper trunk, or proximal extremities of patients between the ages of 10 and 30 years. Typically they are darkly pigmented. Histologically they are characterized by loosely organized nests of pleomorphic pigmented cells that penetrate deep into the reticular dermis and often to the subcutaneous fat. Follow-up was obtained from 48 patients. It ranged from 1 to 23 years (mean, 7 years). Despite an initial histologic diagnosis of malignant melanoma in 29% of the cases, there were no local recurrences and no distant metastases. It is important to differentiate DPN from malignant melanoma. The characteristic histologic features of DPN also allow its differentiation from spindle cell and epithelioid cell nevi and blue nevi.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Spindle cell and epithelioid cell nevi with atypia and metastasis (malignant Spitz nevus).

We report on the clinical and pathologic features of 32 lesions diagnosed as malignant spindle cell and epithelioid cell nevus (S&E nevus). Because of the clinical or initial histopathologic diagnosis of malignant melanoma, six patients had lymph node dissection. Three of these patients also had an enlarged lymph node. In all six cases, metastatic spindle or epithelioid cells were found in at least one of the resected lymph nodes. Of the 30 patients with follow-up information, including all six patients with lymph node metastases, all are alive and well. No recurrences or further metastases have been found. On histopathologic reevaluation, all the lesions had features of S&E nevi. Study of these cases suggests that although some lesions with features of S&E nevi may involve local lymph nodes, widespread metastases do not result.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Cutaneous myofibroma.

The clinical and pathologic features of an acquired skin tumor, which histologically is identical to infantile myofibromatosis, are presented. Thirty-four cases were studied, 26 of which were in patients over 14 yr of age. The median age was 36. None of the lesions was associated with recurrence after surgery, and metastases were not observed. Microscopically, the lesions were relatively well circumscribed and had a characteristic biphasic pattern which centrally showed features of vascular tumors, including hemangiopericytoma or glomus tumor. Ultrastructural examination identified cells with features of myofibroblasts, glomus cells, and pericytes. Immunoreactivity for muscle actin was strongly and diffusely positive in all tumors. The clinical significance of this entity lies primarily in its recognition as a distinctive benign neoplasm, most probably of vascular origin. The occurrence of this lesion is not limited to children; it may be an acquired lesion, and it may be found in the skin as well as soft tissue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Behavioral effects of toxic doses of soman, an organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor, in the rat: protection afforded by clonidine.

Atropine, a postsynaptic muscarinic antagonist, and clonidine, a presynaptic inhibitor of acetylcholine release, protect mice from the lethal effects of soman, a potent and irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of atropine (6 mg/kg) and clonidine (0.2 mg/kg) on soman-induced lethality and behavioral changes in the rat. Soman produced a dose-dependent increase in lethality over a narrow concentration range (50-200 micrograms/kg, SC). Soman produced time- and dose-dependent increases in tremor, salivation, hind limb extension, convulsions and chewing behaviors, as well as decreases in three normal stereotyped behaviors, sniffing, locomotion and rearing. Atropine and clonidine were equally effective at limiting soman-induced lethality and behavioral changes. The protective effects of clonidine and atropine were synergistic, even though clonidine antagonizes some of the stereotyped behaviors elicited by atropine. Simultaneous pretreatment with clonidine and atropine completely eliminated the lethality and behavioral changes produced by injection of 200 micrograms/kg soman.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Role of central biogenic amines on the protection afforded by clonidine against the toxicity of soman, an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor.

Studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that alpha 2-adrenergic agonists such as clonidine offer protection against the toxicity caused by cholinesterase inhibitors such as soman. Experiments were designed to determine whether central catecholaminergic systems are implicated in the toxic and lethal manifestations of soman toxicity and whether the protection afforded by clonidine involves such pathways. Clonidine pretreatment resulted in a significant degree of protection from the lethal effects of soman in the mouse. Depletion of brain catecholamines did not alter soman-induced lethality or behavioral toxicity. Furthermore, catecholamine depletion was not effective in blocking clonidine-induced protection against soman toxicity. In contrast, elevation of brain catecholamines using the monoamine oxidase inhibitor, pargyline, resulted in significant protection against soman toxicity which was additive with that of clonidine.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Lycopodium granuloma.

The spores of Lycopodium (L) clavatum were used as a component of a dusting powder in many hospitals during the 1920's and 1930's. When L spores enter surgical wounds a lesion clinically resembling tuberculosis or neoplasia may develop months or even years later. We recently encountered a case of L granuloma occurring in a patient 50 years after an appendectomy. Three additional cases found in the files of the AFIP are also reported.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the skin is rare. Ten cases from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology were studied. Seven of the 10 cases recurred after initial surgery. The interval between surgery and recurrence ranged from 4 months to 20 years. In one case there was metastasis to lung and pleura. Histologically, cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma is indistinguishable from adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland. The diagnostic histologic features and the differentiation of adenoid cystic carcinoma from other cutaneous neoplasms are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Aggressive digital papillary adenoma and adenocarcinoma. A clinicopathological study of 57 patients, with histochemical, immunopathological, and ultrastructural observations.

Fifty-seven examples of a rare eccrine sweat gland tumor (aggressive digital papillary adenoma and adenocarcinoma) were studied by means of light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunoperoxidase techniques. The neoplasm occurred as a single, painless mass, almost exclusively on the fingers, toes, and adjacent skin of the palms and soles. Microscopic features were distinct from those of other eccrine sweat gland tumors and often led to the diagnosis of such metastatic carcinoma as that of the breast. The characteristic histologic features included tubuloalveolar and ductal structures with areas of papillary projections protruding into cystic lumina. The stroma varied from thin, fibrous septae to areas of dense, hyalinized collagen. Forty tumors were classified as adenoma (ADPA) and 17 as adenocarcinoma (ADPAca). Histologically, ADPAca was distinguished from ADPA by its poor glandular differentiation and by necrosis, cellular atypia and pleomorphism, invasion of soft tissue and bone, and invasion of blood vessels. Eighteen (50%) patients with ADPA and 8 (47.0%) who had ADPAca developed recurrent lesions (2 months to 9 years) after surgical removal of the tumor. Seven (41.2%) patients with ADPAca developed metastases, of which 5 involved the lung. Three patients died of metastases, 5 to 20 years after surgical treatment of the primary tumor. The histologic malignant features in ADPAca are indicative of potential for distant metastasis and fatality. The recognition of aggressive digital papillary adenoma and adenocarcinoma as a distinct clinicopathological eccrine sweat gland neoplasm is important because of the potential for aggressive local growth and distant metastasis.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1986

Bowenoid papulosis. A clinicopathologic study with ultrastructural observations.

One hundred eight patients were studied who had anogenital lesions showing microscopic features as seen in bowenoid papulosis (BP), a recently described condition occurring most commonly in young adults. Patients typically show multiple papules, small nodules, or plaques that clinically mimic verrucae or nevocellular nevi. Although the lesions show microscopic cytologic atypia, a distinction from Bowen's disease, erythroplasia of Queyrat, and other forms of carcinoma in situ can usually be made on the basis of histologic and clinical criteria. The disorder responds to conservative treatment, although recurrences are not uncommon. Evolution of the lesions to invasive carcinoma was not observed. Mounting evidence links the development of BP to infection with human papilloma virus, but other viruses, as well as hormonal and immunologic factors, may also play a role.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Paget's disease of the ectopic breast with an underlying intraductal carcinoma: report of a case.

Paget's disease may occur at mammary and extramammary sites. Mammary Paget's disease typically involves the nipple and adjacent skin. Almost all such cases are associated with an underlying ductal carcinoma of the breast. A case of Paget's disease occurring at the site of an ectopic breast adjacent to a supernumerary nipple and associated with an underlying intraductal carcinoma is described. A search of the literature revealed no previous report of such cases. Detailed clinical history and histopathologic, histochemical, and follow-up information on this case are presented. The literature on mammary and extramammary Paget's disease is reviewed.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1985

Cutaneous mercury granuloma. A clinicopathologic study and review of the literature.

Cutaneous mercury granulomas are rarely encountered. Clinically they pose difficulty in diagnosis when there is no clear history of penetrating injury by objects containing metallic mercury. Histologic, chemical, and scanning electron microscopic studies of such cutaneous lesions were performed on four cases from the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology files. Reported cases from the literature were reviewed. Metallic mercury in tissue sections appears as dark, opaque globules, usually spherical in shape and of varying sizes and numbers. A zone of collagen necrosis often surrounds the mercury globules. A granulomatous foreign body-giant cell reaction and a mixed inflammatory cellular infiltrate composed of neutrophils, lymphocytes, histiocytes, plasma cells, and occasional eosinophils are usually present. Epidermal and dermal necrosis, with or without ulceration or pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, is also a common finding. The gold lysis test and energy-dispersive x-ray analysis confirmed the presence of metallic mercury in the tissue. Following cutaneous injury from mercury, systemic toxicity may develop and death may even occur. An approach to clinical management is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Lichenoid benign keratosis.

A histopathologic study of 108 lesions of lichenoid benign keratosis from 104 patients confirmed previously observed clinicopathologic features such as involvement of whites, age range of 35 to 65 years, female predominance, single keratosis, common location on the arm or presternal area, and failure of clinical recognition of the lesion. Histologically, lichenoid benign keratosis can be diagnosed by the characteristic lichenoid appearance, parakeratosis, an infiltrate occasionally containing plasma cells and eosinophils, and remnants of lentigo-like changes at the periphery of the lesion. The clinical information of a solitary lesion and suspicion of a premalignant or malignant diagnosis aids in establishing the pathologic diagnosis of the disease. Direct immunofluorescence studies of tissue from seven lesions of lichenoid benign keratosis resembled those seen in lichen planus. Features distinguishing lichenoid benign keratosis from lichenoid solar keratosis are discussed.

Adult↗