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Biomedical subjects

J H Cross

Publications and source records attributed to J H Cross.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Surveillance of some infectious diseases among aircrew personnel in Southeast Asia.

A 2-year analysis of specimens among aircrew personnel in Southeast Asia is reported. Stool specimens were examined for intestinal parasites and enteric bacteria, blood smears for blood parasites, and sera tested for transaminases (SGOT) and antibodies to Entamoeba histolytica, Toxoplasma gondii, Chikungunya and Japanese encephalitis viruses, Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, Leptospira sp. and Pseudomonas pseudomallei. One to four specimens each were obtained from 537 adult males and 20 females. There were 56 subjects with intestinal parasites as follows: Giardia lamblia (3.8%), Endolimax nana (2.6%), Entamoeba histolytica (1.4%), Entamoeba hartmanni (0.9%), Entamoeba coli (0.7%), Trichiuris trichiura (1.7%), Ascaris lumbricoides (1.4%), hookworm (0.9%), and Clonorchis sinensis (1.2%). Two individuals had malaria, Plasmodium vivax (0.6%). Pathogenic enteric bacteria were isolated from seven stool specimens; Shigella groups B and D (0.9%), Salmonella paratyphi (0.3%), and Arizona group (0.9%). Significantly elevated SGOT levels were found in 0.9% and antibodies to Japanese encephalitis virus in 1.5%, to Rickettsia tsutsugamushi in 1.2%, to Pseudomonas pseudomallei in 0.3%, to Entamoeba histolytica in 0.9% and to Toxoplasma gondii in 10.1%. No antibodies were found to Chikungunya virus or Leptospira sp.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1975

Serologic study of toxoplasmosis in Taiwan.

Toxoplasma gondii antibody titers as determined by either the indirect hemagglutination test or the methylene blue dye test were determined for a group of aborigines and for Chinese as well as for swine, cats, rats, dogs and one bovine, all resident on the island of Taiwan. None of the 194 aborigines and only 3 (1.97%) of the 152 Chinese were found to be positive. Of 433 swine tested 132 (30.5%) were positive. Thirteen (27.7%) of 47 domestic pet cats were positive while none of 11 feral cats were positive. None of the 29 rats, 3 dogs or the one bovine were positive. Possible reasons for the lack of infection in Chinese is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Toxoplasma antibodies in Indonesian and Chinese medical students in Jakarta.

The presence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in medical students of Indonesian and Chinese ancestry was determined by the indirect hemagglutination test with titers of 1:256 or greater considered positive. The sera from 90 Indonesian and 203 Chinese male (146) and female (147) students between 20 and 30 years of age were tested and positive titers detected in the sera of 16 (18%) Indonesians and 14 (7%) of the Chinese. There were no difference between the presence of positive titer and between males and females of either ethnic groups. Both groups denied eating raw or partly cooked meats and no correlation could be found between the ownership of domestic cats, the eating of exotic meats and positive titers.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Observations on the host-parasite relations between Echinostoma revolutum and lymnaeid snails.

Echinostoma revolutum from Taiwan was studied in lymneid snails at 29 +/- 0.5 degrees C. Given 3-5 miracidia, 95% of Lymnaea ollula and 40% of Lymnaea swinhoei became positive; the prepatent periods were 18 and 25 days, respectively. The following are based on the observations in Lymnaea ollula: The time required for miracidial penetration was about one hour. The sporocysts developed only in the ventricle of the snail but mother rediae developed in the heart and other organs. Mature daughter rediae were not found in the heart cavity. The sporocysts reached the ventricle within 3 days. Mother rediae were released after 6 days and daughter rediae after 8 days. Given 5 miracidia, 1-3 sporocysts reached the heart and 2-20 mother rediae were found per snail. The number of mature daughter rediae was usually 100-200 although more than a thousand may develop in a snail. The sporocysts and mother rediae attained maximal size 9 days postinfection and started degeneration 13 days postinfection. Daughter rediae were largest at the beginning of cercarial emergence and decreased in size thereafter. Simultaneous production of daughter rediae and cercariae by the mother redia was seen only once in this snail mature cercariae were obtained in 10 days postinfection. The cercariae emerged from a small area of mantle collar near the posterior corner of shell aperture. They were negatively phototactic and positively geotactic. An estimation showed that each snail shed about 350 cercariae a day. The cercariae reached the pericardial cavity of snail in one hour via the renal orifice and metacercariae were seen 4-5 hours after exposure. The infectivity of cercariae at various times after shedding, as expressed by cyst recovery rates, were: 51.6%, O-hr old; 76.1%, 2-hr; 68% 4-hr; 32%, 6-hr; 3%, 8 and 10-hr. Cyst recovery rates were not different within the dosage of 50-500 cercariae per snail. Most metacercariae recovered 1-2 days after cercarial exposure were viable; only 5 among 6,533 cysts were dead.

Echinostoma↗
PubMed1975

Parasitology survey and seroepidemiology of amoebiasis in South Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia.

A parasitology surevy was conducted among inhabitants of 7 villages in 3 regencies in South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. A total of 2,169 stool specimens, 2,756 blood smears and 1,027 serum specimens were obtained, representing samples from approximately 10%, 12% and 5% of the population, respectively. One to 8 different intestinal parasitic infections were detected in 97% of the people. Those parasites most frequently found were Trichuris trichiura (83%), Ascaris lumbricoides (79%), and hookworm (65%), followed by Entamoeba coli (37%), Endolimaxnana (12%), Entamoeba histolytica (12%), Iodamoeba bütschlii (11%), Giardia lamblia (5%), Entamoeba hartmanni (2%), Chilomastix mesnili (2%). Other parasites found were Enterobius vermicularis, Strongyloides stercoralis, Capillaria sp., Echinostoma sp., Hymenolepis diminuta, and Trichomonas hominis. Giardia lamblia was found more often in younger people and Entamoeba coli, Iodamoeba bütschlii and hookworm in the older age group. Ascaris lumbricoides occurred more frequently in females, and hookworm in males. Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum were found in the blood smears of 4.4% of the people, mostly in the younger age groups. Seroepidemiological studies on amoebiasis were done by use of the indirect hemagglutination test with antigens prepared from the HK9 strain of Entamoeba histolytica maintained in axenic cultures. The frequency distribution of the reciprocal antibody titers showed a bimodal distribution with 34% of the population demonstrating positive reactions at titers of 1:128 or greater.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Serological study of amebiasis and toxoplasmosis in the Lindu Valley, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Results of a serology survey in April 1972 for Entamoeba histolytica and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies among 484 inhabitants of the isolated Lake Lindu Valley of Central Sulawesi (Celebes) are presented. Indirect hemagglutination antibody titers for amebiasis were found in over 10% of the population, although only 3.7% demonstrated significant titers of 1:128 or greater. There appeared to be no relationship between antibody titers and the age and sex of individuals tested, and the frequency distribution of antibody titers indicates a low prevalence of invasive amebiasis in the population. Indirect hemagglutination antibody titers for Toxoplasma gondii equal to or greater than 1:32 were found in 27.1% of the total population, and it appeared that the prevalence of titers increased with age in both sexes. More families with cats had Toxoplasma gondii antibody titers than families without cats.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Parasitology survey in the Palu Valley, central Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia.

A survey was undertaken in the Palu Valley, Central Sulasesi to determine whether schisto somiasis japonica was endemic in the area and to determine the prevalences rates of intestinal and blood parasites. Seven villages along the Palu River drainage system with an estimated popualtion of 18,700 were surveyed and 2,433 stools, 3,651 blood smears and 1,167 sera were collected and examined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The prevalence of entamoeba histolytica and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in Central Java, Indonesia.

Sera collected from people living along the slopes of Mt. Merapi and Mt. Merbabu (900-1900 m) in Boyolali Regency, Central Java, Indonesia were tested by indirect hemagglutination tests for antibodies to Entamoeba histolytica and Toxoplasma gondii. A total of 695 sera from 439 males and 256 females, 2 to 75 years of age were tested for amoebiasis and 17.6% had positive antibody titers of 1:128 or greater. The prevalence of antibodies was the same for males and females and increased with age. The seropositivity rate for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies among 438 males and 255 females was 2% at titers of 1:256 or greater. The prevalence was higher in females (2.7%) than in males (1.6%), and was highest in the oldest age groups.

Adolescent↗