A negative study with power?
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Antibodies, Antiphospholipid↗
Biomedical subjects
J H Check
Publications and source records attributed to J H Check.
A matched study to determine whether low-dose aspirin without heparin improves pregnancy rates following frozen embryo transfer and/or affects endometrial sonographic parameters.
PURPOSE: The objective of the matched, controlled study was to determine whether low-dose aspirin therapy without heparin improves pregnancy rates following frozen embryo transfer. METHODS: Thirty-six women who did not achieve a pregnancy following fresh embryo transfer and who had frozen embryos available for another transfer were included. Eighteen women were treated with 81 mg aspirin from day 2 of the cycle through pregnancy testing. If the beta-human chorionic gonadotropin level was positive, aspirin was continued through the pregnancy. Eighteen women were not given aspirin. The mean outcome variables were pregnancy and implantation rates. RESULTS: The clinical pregnancy rate in the aspirin group was 11.1%, compared with 33.3% for the controls, and implantation rates were 2.9 and 10.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: No positive effects of low-dose aspirin therapy on pregnancy rates following frozen embryo transfer were observed.
Antibodies, Antiphospholipid↗
Effect of age on pregnancy outcome without assisted reproductive technology in women with elevated early follicular phase serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels.
There are data suggesting that patients with elevated early follicular phase serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels have a poor fertility outcome. This has been attributed to a high rate of aneuploidy in the oocytes. It is not clear whether the spindle defects leading to nondisjunction are related to the high FSH levels or the age of the oocyte. The study presented herein retrospectively evaluated 6-month pregnancy rates in women with elevated early follicular phase serum FSH levels according to age. Only cases without in vitro fertilization were used, since the elevated FSH levels were deemed likely to interfere with multiple egg recruitment needed for assisted reproductive technology. The 6-month clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates were significantly higher in the women <40 years of age (46.1 and 34.6%, respectively) than in those aged 40 or older (10.5 and 5.3%). These data suggest that women with elevated follicular-phase serum FSH levels have a better fertility prognosis when they are younger.
Adult↗
Clomid in unexplained infertility.
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Clomiphene↗
Two methods of achieving pregnancies despite subnormal hypo-osmotic swelling test scores.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether either the use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) or chymotrypsin-galactose pretreatment of sperm before IUI can improve pregnancy results in female partners of men with sperm with subnormal hypo-osmotic swelling test scores. DESIGN: Randomized controlled study. SETTING: University-based private practice of an infertility center and IVF center. PATIENT(S): Couples with infertility who presented during a specific time interval and in whom the male partner had a hypo-osmotic swelling score of < 50% in two consecutive cycles. INTERVENTION(S): Controls were treated by conventional IUI. Members of the treatment group were given an option of treatment of sperm with chymotrypsin-galactose before undergoing IUI or of undergoing IVF-ET with ICSI. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Pregnancy rate (PR) per patient and per cycle. RESULT(S): None of the 14 control patients conceived despite 38 IUI cycles, whereas conception occurred for 4 (50%) of 8 couples in whom sperm was pretreated with chymotrypsin-galactose and for 2 (50%) of 4 couples who underwent ICSI. Patients who had enzymatic sperm treatment underwent 12 IUI cycles and 4 ICSI cycles; the PR per cycle was 33.3% in the former and 50% in the latter. CONCLUSION(S): These data suggest that treating sperm with chymotrypsin-galactose before IUI or injecting only one sperm into the oocyte overcomes to some degree the block to successful pregnancy seen in women whose male partners have subnormal hypo-osmotic swelling tests.
Chymotrypsin↗
Evidence that oligoasthenozoospermia may be an etiologic factor for spontaneous abortion after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether oligoasthenozoospermia may lead to a higher spontaneous abortion (SAB) rate once a pregnancy is established by IVF-ET. DESIGN: Retrospective clinical observational study. SETTING: University-based IVF program. PATIENT(S): Three hundred sixty-four couples with normal semen parameters who underwent IVF-ET with conventional sperm incubation; 70 couples with oligoasthenozoospermia but without marked abnormal sperm morphology (< 4% normal forms using strict criteria) who underwent ET after IVF with conventional sperm incubation; and 20 couples with oligoasthenozoospermia but without abnormal sperm morphology who underwent ET after IVF with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, SAB rate, and delivery rate after IVF-ET. RESULT(S): Despite similar pregnancy and implantation rates per ET, as a result of a higher SAB rate (40.0% versus 11.7%), the delivery rates were lower in the female partners of men with oligoasthenozoospermia. Similar patients who used ICSI had a 0% SAB rate. CONCLUSION(S): Oligoasthenozoospermia should be considered a possible risk factor for SAB in IVF achieved pregnancies. Further studies are needed to determine whether ICSI reduces the risk of SAB associated with oligoasthenozoospermia.
Abortion, Spontaneous↗
TEST yolk buffer and antisperm antibodies--interaction?
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Cryopreservation↗
Clinical outcome of cryopreserved human pronuclear stage embryos resulting from intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the survival rate and pregnancy rate (PR) of embryos from intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) or conventional IVF, which were cryopreserved at the pronuclear stage in cycles where fresh transfer was deferred. DESIGN: Comparative observational study. SETTING: University-associated IVF center. PATIENT(S): Ninety-nine patients who deferred ET and had all their embryos cryopreserved at the pronuclear stage after 153 oocyte retrievals. Thirty-nine patients had their oocytes inseminated by ICSI and 60 patients had conventional IVF insemination. INTERVENTION(S): All embryos were frozen-thawed at the two pronuclear stage and allowed to cleave for 2 days before transfer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Survival rate (morphologically intact after thaw), cleavage rate (cleaved by time of transfer), and the clinical PR after frozen ET. RESULT(S): In the ICSI group, 205 embryos were thawed for use in 57 frozen ETs; in the IVF group, there were 527 embryos thawed for use in 149 frozen ETs. There was no significant difference in any of the outcome measures by insemination method: survival rates (ICSI, 93.2%; IVF, 94.8%); cleavage rates (ICSI, 95.2%; IVF, 94.7%), and clinical PR (ICSI, 14.0%; IVF, 17.4%). CONCLUSION(S): Pronuclear embryos resulting from ICSI can be cryopreserved successfully, thawed, and the survival rate and PR are comparable to conventional IVF.
Adult↗
Protocols and IRB approval for post-menopausal pregnancies.
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Clinical Protocols↗
A challenge to the concept that the use of calcium channel blockers causes reversible male infertility.
The objective of this study was retrospectively to evaluate both in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and non-IVF cycles in which the male partner had been taking calcium channel blockers, either to confirm or refute previous data from another centre, suggesting that these drugs cause a severe but reversible subfertility problem in the male. These drugs were found to inhibit expression of mannose-ligand binding receptors, thus preventing spermatozoa from attaching to the zona pellucida; they were postulated to cause failed fertilization based on one case having this defect, in whom a return to normal was achieved after stopping the drug. However, the couple did not undergo a cycle with IVF to see if fertilization now occurred. The data presented here demonstrated fertilization in all patients having IVF who were taking calcium channel blockers. The subsequent pregnancy rate per transfer was 17.4%. Also, five out of 11 (45.4%) non-IVF patients conceived after correction of various female factors. Failure of the other six patients to conceive could be explained by other confounding factors, especially oligoasthenozoospermia. Taking into consideration other data suggesting poor fertilization when this mannose-ligand binding receptor abnormality was demonstrated, we propose the possibility that this defect, when not associated with calcium channel blockers, may be associated with some other cryptic factor that causes poor fertilization. According to our hypothesis, calcium channel blockers might cause the problem in mannose expression but also adversely affect some other factor that is deficient when non-drug related abnormalities in mannose-ligand binding expression are found.
Calcium Channel Blockers↗
Lymphocyte immunotherapy (LI) increases serum levels of progesterone induced blocking factor (PIBF).
PROBLEM: To determine if allogenic stimulation from leukocyte immunization (LI) can increase the production of an immunomodulatory protein called progesterone induced blocking factor (PIBF) by CD8+ T-lymphocytes. METHODS: The study group consisted of 35 women, 29 who failed to conceive after repeated embryo transfers (ETs) and six with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). The women underwent LI using the the male partner's blood as the source of leukocytes. Progesterone induced blocking factor was measured pre- and post-LI with an immunocytochemistry method using a PIBF-specific polyclonal antibody. RESULTS: The mean percentage of lymphocytes expressing PIBF, as well as the percentage of cases of whose PIBF level increased to 1% or more, was significantly higher post-LI, Similarly post-LI, there was a significantly lower percentage of zero PIBF levels. CONCLUSIONS: Leukocyte immunization causes an increase in PIBF in many cases. Possibly the improved pregnancy outcome in immunized patients with RSA or previous failure to conceive with in vitro fertilization may be partially or possibly completely explained by its stimulatory effect on PIBF.
Abortion, Habitual↗
Correlation of basal menses CA-125 levels and 6 month pregnancy rates in women undergoing treatments for infertility without assisted reproductive methods.
PROBLEM: The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation of menstrual CA-125 levels with pregnancy rates (PRs) after 6 months of treatment for infertility. METHOD: The sample consisted of a heterogenous group of 160 women who sought treatment for infertility. Treatments include progesterone supplementation, donor insemination, intrauterine insemination, and ovulation induction therapy. No laparoscopies were done during the study period. A baseline CA-125 level was drawn during menses before the initiation of therapy. Patients were followed for 6 months of treatment or until a pregnancy was achieved. RESULTS: There was no difference in the 6 month PR or viable PR by CA-125 level. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated CA-125 levels are not predictive of poor fertility potential at least during the first 6 months of infertility therapy. Even though these higher levels sometimes suggest that endometriosis is present, the data suggest that correction of male factor, cervical factor or ovulation factor provides effective PRs without the need for laparoscopic intervention.
Adult↗
Expression of an immunomodulatory protein known as progesterone induced blocking factor (PIBF) does not correlate with first trimester spontaneous abortions in progesterone supplemented women.
PROBLEM: An immunomodulatory protein known as the progesterone induced blocking factor (PIBF) has been found to positively correlate with early pregnancy beta human chorionic gonadotropin (B-hCG) levels. The study presented herein evaluated PIBF levels from conception to the end of the first trimester to determine if lower levels will correlate with first trimester spontaneous abortions (SAB). METHOD: Progesterone induced blocking factor expression by lymphocytes measured using an immunocytochemistry method was compared in pregnant women with ongoing vs. failed pregnancies. RESULTS: There were no differences in the proportion of women having lymphocytes expressing PIBF or in the median numbers when comparing ongoing vs. failed pregnancies. There was no B-hCG interval where failed pregnancies were found to have lower frequency of PIBF expressing lymphocytes. CONCLUSION: Inadequate PIBF expression independent of low P levels does not appear to be an etiologic factor for first trimester SABs; thus measuring this protein in pregnant women lacks practical usefulness.
Abortion, Spontaneous↗
Evidence that the expression of progesterone-induced blocking factor by maternal T-lymphocytes is positively correlated with conception.
PROBLEM: To compare the expression by T-lymphocytes of an immunomodulatory protein known as progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF) in conception versus non-conception cycles even when there has been definite fertilization and embryo formation. METHOD: PIBF expression on T lymphocytes was measured using an immunohistochemical method with a PIBF-specific polyclonal antibody. These levels were determined in patients undergoing three types of therapy: non-in vitro fertilization (IVF), IVF-embryo transfer (ET), and frozen ET. Sera were drawn 12 days from ovulation in non-IVF cycles or 9 days after ET and were assayed for PIBF and beta human chorionic gondotropin. Comparison of the frequency of lymphocyte expression of PIBF in pregnant versus non-pregnant women were made. RESULTS: PIBF was detected in 29.5% of non-pregnant women and 52.5% of pregnant women. There were no differences in PIBF levels by therapy used in non-pregnant cases or in the pregnant group. CONCLUSION: These data are consistent with the hypothesis that maternal expression of PIBF in T-lymphocytes soon after trophoblast invasion may depend on successful implantation.
Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human↗
A study to determine whether serum follicle-stimulating hormone can be a marker for ovarian hyperresponse to follicle-maturing drugs for in vitro fertilization.
The study presented herein evaluated whether 26 of 122 consecutive women who tend to hyper-respond (serum estradiol >4,000 pg/ml or >30 follicles) following controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization have higher serum FSH levels at certain critical stages during the follicular phase. Baseline day-2 serum FSH and blood levels taken on days 5 and 6 of human menopausal gonadotropin therapy were not different in the hyper-responders from those responding normally. The only significant difference in serum FSH was seen on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin where it was actually lower in the hyper-responders. Thus, there does not appear to be a critical serum FSH level which would dictate a decrease in gonadotropins to prevent hyper-response.
Adult↗
Similar pregnancy and spontaneous abortion rates after treatment with low-dose human menopausal gonadotropin versus pure follicle stimulating hormone in women with luteal phase defects.
The study presented herewith was designed to compare the pregnancy and abortion rates in patients treated with gonadotropin preparations with and without LH content based on data suggesting that higher serum LH levels during the follicular phase may reduce subsequent pregnancy rates and increase spontaneous abortion rates. Infertile patients with luteal phase defects related to releasing eggs prior to complete follicular maturation were treated with either ultra-low dose (75 IU) hMG or pure FSH. The pregnancy rates for first treatment cycles for hMG versus pure FSH was 22.7% and 20.3%, respectively. The spontaneous abortion rates were also similar (8.0% and 9.1%). There were no multiple births resulting from these 36 pregnancies. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome was not observed in any of the 164 stimulation cycles. Thus these results show no advantage in choosing a preparation devoid of LH therefore giving the patient the opportunity to purchase the least expensive medication that is available.
Abortion, Spontaneous↗
Comparison of pregnancy outcome of natural twin pregnancies versus multifetal pregnancies selectively reduced to twins.
The high rate of multiple gestations following ovulation induction with and without assisted reproductive technologies (ART) has led to an increased interest in selective reduction. The aim of this study was to compare pregnancy outcome of 6 triplet and 2 quintuplet pregnancies following selective reduction to twins to a group of 30 natural twin pregnancies delivered during the same time period. Outcome variables compared included birth weights, gender, gestational age at delivery, route of delivery, and neonatal complications. Results failed to demonstrate an adverse effect of selective reduction on pregnancy outcome.
Adult↗
A comparison of early gestational age markers in viable twin pregnancies resulting from in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer versus spontaneous conception with ovarian stimulation.
The objective of this study was to determine whether there were differences in gestational age markers in dizygotic twin pregnancies resulting from in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) when compared with dizygotic twin pregnancies spontaneously conceived following ovulation inducing therapy drugs without assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Thirty-one sets of twins conceived by IVF-ET and 33 sets of twins conceived without ART were monitored by serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (B-hCG) levels and transvaginal sonographic measurements of sac size (SS) and crown-rump length (CRL). Comparison between groups found that SS was significantly smaller in the IVF-ET group as compared to the non-ART group 21-35 days post-ovulation (p < .05). The CRL was similar in both groups as well as the doubling times of B-hCG. These data indicate that in dizygotic twin pregnancies initial development of SS may be slower following IVF-ET than in spontaneously conceived twins.
Adult↗