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Biomedical subjects

J H Chang

Publications and source records attributed to J H Chang.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The effective use of intrapleural bupivacaine for analgesia after thoracic and subcostal incisions in children.

Twenty-four patients having undergone thoracotomies and subcostal incisions were treated for 24 hours with intrapleural bupivacaine with epinephrine. Vital signs, pain scores, and serum bupivacaine levels were recorded. No patient required narcotic medications and all patients obtained adequate analgesia. There were no complications of the technique or toxicity of the drug. Further studies need to be performed to extend the duration of use, to determine pharmacokinetics, and to compare with other techniques.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1988

Complications of the Martin procedure for total colonic aganglionosis.

From 1976 to 1986 inclusive, 122 patients were cared for with Hirschsprung's disease. Sixteen of these were treated for total colonic aganglionosis, with or without small bowel involvement. The male to female ratio was 2.2:1. Two children died prior to definitive surgical therapy and two others were transferred following initial therapy. Twelve children underwent Martin's procedure with a 0% mortality rate and an 81.8% morbidity rate. This study would indicate, as do others, that even though the Martin procedure can safely be performed, the long-term results require close scrutiny. A re-evaluation of this procedure and its alternatives is necessary in order to improve long-term results.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1988

Extensive tumor resection under deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest.

The risk of fatal hemorrhage may limit the completeness of resection in hepatic malignancies and in vascular extensions of Wilms' tumors. We have used Ein's technique of deep hypothermia (average 17 degrees C) with cardiac arrest (average 39 minutes) and exsanguination in performing five hepatic and two intravenous Wilms' tumor resections. The initial hepatic resection takes less than 15 minutes to perform in a bloodless field and the specimen is immediately examined by frozen section for determination of adequacy of margin. Additional resection is easily performed. Of four trisegmentectomies and one left lobectomy, two required additional resections. Mattress sutures were used to control hemorrhage during recirculation. One patient died from bleeding and cardiac decompensation and another from recurrence of tumor. The Wilms' tumors extended from the iliac vein into the right atrium in one child and from the right renal vein to the right atrium with extensions into the hepatic and lumbar veins in another. After nephrectomy, the atria and inferior vena cava were opened and the tumor extracted under direct vision. Both patients are well.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1987

RNA binding fragments from nucleolin contain the ribonucleoprotein consensus sequence.

Nucleolin (C23 or 100 kDa) is a major nucleolar phosphoprotein whose primary structure has recently been determined (Lapeyre, B., Bourbon, H., and Amalric, F. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 84, 1472-1476) and found to be associated with preribosomal RNA (Herrera, A. H., and Olson, M. O. J. (1986) Biochemistry 25, 6258-6263). To identify the RNA binding region of the molecule, cyanogen bromide fragments were tested for binding of 18 S and 28 S ribosomal RNA by a "Western blotting" technique. Fragments with apparent molecular masses of 13, 33, and 47 kDa bound RNA with no preference for either 18 S or 28 S RNA. By protein sequencing, these fragments were localized in the carboxyl-terminal two-thirds of the molecule. The nucleolin sequence was searched for the ribonucleoprotein consensus sequence found in other RNA binding proteins. Four copies of a closely related 11-residue sequence were found within 80-90 residue repeats in the RNA binding region between residues 285 and 629. These results suggest that a highly conserved structure for the binding of different classes of RNA is utilized by several proteins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

The healing of femoral neck fractures in dogs. The use of intraosseous venography and India ink staining.

This study evaluates healing fractures of the femoral neck in dogs by using standard radiography, intraosseous venography, India ink staining and histology. The 45 animals were divided into three groups, one of which was not treated, but in the other two the fracture was fixed with a screw or two Kirschner wires. Our results suggest that, when intraosseous venography was positive India ink injection was also positive, and the late phase of fracture healing was reached.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Surgical management of gastroesophageal reflux in severely mentally retarded children.

Thirty-three severely mentally retarded children with profound malnutrition and aspiration pneumonitis were treated by gastrostomy and Nissen fundoplication. Early and late complications were 27.3% and 16.6% respectively. Mortality was 9.4%. All surviving patients gained weight. Time required for feeding was greatly reduced. This study supports earlier operative intervention for the mentally retarded child with gastroesophageal reflux, malnutrition and aspiration pneumonitis.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1986

Experience with esophageal stenting for caustic burns in children.

Seven children with deep circumferential esophageal burns were treated with antibiotics, steroids, and intraluminal silastic stents. Strictures did not develop if the esophagus was healed at the time the stent was removed. However, strictures developed if healing was incomplete. Esophageal stenting needs to be continued until healing has been demonstrated endoscopically.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

Characterization of hemorrhagic principles from Trimeresurus gramineus snake venom.

In addition to alpha-fibrinogenase (hemorrhagin I, HR1), a potent hemorrhagic principle (hemorrhagin II, HR2) was purified from Trimeresurus gramineus venom. It was homogeneous as judged by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. HR2 was a single peptide chain containing 10% carbohydrate with a molecular weight of 81,500. It possessed 669 amino acid residues per molecule, while HR1 contained only 203 amino acid residues per molecule with a molecular weight of 23,500. Both hemorrhagins possessed proteolytic activities toward fibrinogen, casein and azocoll. However, the proteolytic activities of HR1 were much more potent than those of HR2. They were devoid of TAME-esterase and phospholipase A2 activities which were found in crude venom. beta-Mercaptoethanol and antivenin completely inhibited the hemorrhagic activities of HR1 and HR2, while epsilon-aminocaproic acid, trasylol, p-bromophenacyl bromide, phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride and soybean trypsin inhibitor did not. EDTA completely inhibited the hemorrhagic, fibrinogenolytic and caseinolytic activities of HR1. EDTA also completely inhibited the caseinolytic and fibrinogenolytic activities of HR2, but only partially inhibited its hemorrhagic activity. Subsequent addition of Zn2+ (5 mM) reversed the EDTA-induced inhibitory effect on the hemorrhagic activity of HR1. However, ZN2+ did not reverse the EDTA-induced inhibitory effect on the HR2-induced hemorrhagic activity. These hemorrhagins were found to be ZN2+-containing metalloproteinases. Therefore, the hemorrhagic activity of HR1 seems to be related to its proteolytic activity while that of HR2 seems to be unrelated to its proteolytic activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Gunshot injuries in children.

Ninety consecutive patients between 2 and 15 years of age sustaining gunshot wounds were analyzed and a management algorithm evolved. Key management steps included fluid resuscitation in the field by trained paramedical personnel and recognition of the severity of the wound when large-caliber or shotgun injuries were encountered. Arteriograms were most helpful in locating vascular injuries; venograms were inaccurate. Morbidity was directly related to missile size and impact area, and to the number of organs injured. Any hospitalization beyond 2 weeks' duration should have social service, home-bound school service, psychiatry, and physical therapy in consultation. During a 5-year period only two of the 90 patients died secondary to hemorrhagic shock.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1984

Hypobaric hypoxia-induced intrauterine growth retardation.

2-week-pregnant New Zealand White rabbits were placed into a hypobaric chamber and maintained at 3,657 m (12,000 ft). Upon delivery (31 +/- 1 days) or at cesarean section (on day 30), all newborns were sacrificed and organ weights were compared to those of control pups maintained at 128 m (420 ft). Significant findings in the hypobaric animals included a diminished birth weight, placental weight, and liver weight per body weight. Placental weight per body weight was similar in both groups. The brain weight per body weight, brain to liver ratio, and right ventricle to left ventricle plus intraventricular septal weight ratio were significantly increased in the hypobaric pups.

Altitude Sickness↗
PubMed1983

Results of treatment of gastroesophageal reflux with bethanechol.

Thirty-seven infants and children with gastroesophageal reflux were studied with prolonged esophageal pH monitoring before and during treatment with bethanechol. Total reflux scores improved by 69% (P = 6.47 X 10(-7) during bethanechol therapy. This improvement resulted primarily from decreases in the frequency and the duration of reflux episodes occurring more than two hours after feeding. Our findings indicate that infants and children with gastroesophageal reflux may safely be treated with bethanechol; thus the need for surgery is avoided.

Bethanechol Compounds↗
PubMed1982

Serious air rifle injuries in children.

Seven potentially lethal air gun injuries in children are reported. Multiple-pump action air rifles have penetration velocities far in excess of the classic Daisy "BB" guns. However, these lethal weapons are sold to be used by children. Lack of effective regulatory legislation coupled with parental ignorance will continue to allow for serious injuries and deaths in children. Physicians should be aware of the potential lethality of any air gun injuries.

Adolescent↗