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Biomedical subjects

J H Carter

Publications and source records attributed to J H Carter.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effect of long-term therapy on the pharmacodynamics of levodopa. Relation to on-off phenomenon.

To determine how the response to levodopa is altered by long-term therapy, we examined the dose response to 2-hour infusions of levodopa in three groups of parkinsonian patients: those who were previously untreated, those who exhibited stable responses, and those who exhibited fluctuating responses to levodopa therapy, using tapping speed as an index of bradykinesia. The baseline tapping speed was greater in the patients with stable responses than in the untreated patients, probably representing a "long-duration response" to levodopa therapy. A "short-duration response," indicated by an increase in tapping speed lasting hours, was observed in most patients in all groups. The onset of the short-duration effect was more rapid and the incremental increase in tapping speed was twice as large in the patients with fluctuating responses compared with the untreated patients and patients with stable responses. The duration of the short-duration effect was greatest in the untreated group but did not differ between the groups with stable and fluctuating responses. Dyskinesia was not observed in any of the de novo patients but was observed in three of 12 patients with stable responses and eight of nine patients with fluctuating responses to levodopa therapy. Dyskinesia appeared before or with the antiparkinsonian effects in patients with stable responses, giving no indication of a higher threshold for dyskinesia in these patients compared with those with fluctuating responses. The plasma half-life clearance, volume of distribution, and maximum plasma concentrations of levodopa did not differ among groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Quantitative image cytometry of hepatocytes expressing gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and glutathione S-transferase in diethylnitrosamine-initiated rats treated with phenobarbital and/or phthalate esters.

Image cytometry was used to quantify the volume of liver expressing two histochemical markers associated with neoplasia, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and the placental isozyme of glutathione S-transferase (GST-P). Rats were treated with diethylnitrosamine (DENA) followed by phenobarbital (PB), di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), or di-n-octyl-phthalate (DOP) for 26 weeks. In one series, PB-treated rats were given 2.0%, 0.5%, or 0.1% DEHP in the feed. GGT expression was detected diffusely throughout the liver parenchyma in several treatment groups so that any enhanced expression in altered foci (AF) and nodules (N) was not apparent. GST-P was detected only in AF and N. GST-P may represent a second genetic alteration, as GST-P+ AF and N also expressed GGT but not the reverse. The peroxisome proliferator DEHP inhibited expression of GGT or GST-P in livers of either DENA-treated or DENA+PB-treated rats. With GST-P the reduction was correlated to a reduced number of AF and N. In contrast, DEHP's stereoisomer, DOP, was as effective as PB in promoting expression of both markers. We conclude that image cytometry of hepatocytes expressing GST-P can be used in the bioassay of the carcinogenic potential of chemicals that affect liver proliferation.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The effect of exercise on levodopa absorption.

We studied the effect of exercise using cycle ergometry on levodopa absorption in ten patients with Parkinson's disease. Oral levodopa was administered during exercise and at rest on separate days. Exercise delayed levodopa absorption in five patients, increased it in three, and did not influence it in two. We conclude that exercise can either increase or decrease levodopa absorption.

Absorption↗
PubMed1992

Black health professional families: assessment of strengths and stability.

Despite pernicious racism, most black health professionals achieve professional success and most have stable marriages. A 19-item questionnaire was designed to assess this hypothesis following a lecture on the strengths and weaknesses of black health professional families to physicians, dentists, and their spouses (n = 38) at the 1990 annual meeting of the combined Old North State Medical and Dental Societies of North Carolina. Surprisingly, these families seemed eager to disclose feelings about themselves, their professions, and their marriages. Major preliminary findings were that these health professionals were more prone to indicate unhappiness than their spouses and less likely to see racism as an impediment to careers, and more willing to acknowledge that they would like to correct something in their lives.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1991

Tics through Tourette's syndrome.

The concept of Tourette's syndrome as a bizarre and disabling disorder has changed with greater appreciation that this is a spectrum of symptoms and degrees of severity. A thorough understanding of the latest concepts regarding recognition and management is essential for the neuroscience nurse to play a meaningful role as counselor, educator and clinician in the care of these patients and families.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1991

Chronic mental illness and homelessness in black populations: prologue and prospects.

Psychiatry has shown little regard for the special health concerns of African Americans, who are disproportionately represented among America's homeless. Although psychiatric literature is replete with data on homeless mentally disordered citizens, only incidental references are made to African Americans to satisfy federally funded research guidelines mandating the inclusion of racial minorities. Additionally, psychiatry has hesitated to suggest corrective actions for this national scourge and has begun to raise questions about the efficacy of case management and demonstration projects.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1990

Mutual support and mobilization preparedness: the method of an Army Reserve hospital.

Military literature fails to describe a successful methodology for developing and implementing active Army/active Army Reserve mutual medical support and mobilization planning. The author presents a method for addressing these critical issues that evolved over a period of 11 years between the 3274th Army Hospital (1000B), a Reserve unit in Durham, North Carolina and its CAPSTONE, Womack MEDDAC, Ft. Bragg, North Carolina. The principles utilized here are believed to be applicable to similar Table of Organization & Equipment Armed Forces Reserve Medical Units. Additional advantages of the method are that it enhances recruitment and retention, and maximizes the medical skills of Reserve medical personnel.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1979

An over-refraction program for the TI 59 card-programmable calculator.

Over-refraction provides a powerful method for the refractive examination of the aphakic or highly ametropic patient. Nevertheless, in the past, practical difficulties that attend mathematical or graphical combination of over-refraction and original spherocylinders have tended to limit the clinical use of over-refraction methods. Programmable calculators, now available inexpensively, render over-refraction clinically practical. An over-refraction program for the Texas Instruments TI-59 Card-Programmable Calculator is presented. Program running time, exclusive of data entry and readout, is under 15 sec.

Aphakia, Postcataract↗
PubMed1979

Diagnosis of pupillary anomalies.

Lesions of the afferent, intercalated, efferent (parasympathetic), and cervical sympathetic arms of the pupillary pathway each tend to produce rather distinctive clinical signs. Sophisticated equipment generally is not needed to define the probable basis for anisocoria and/or disordered pupillary function. Diagnosis of the more common anomalies of the pupil usually can be made from observations obtained using only a penlight, occluder, slit lamp biomicroscope, and a few diagnostic pharmaceutical agents. This paper has been written as a guide to recognition of pupillary signs and as an aid to the practitioner who must differentiate among those that mandate immediate referral, those which require careful analysis on a less urgent basis, and those that can be regarded, for all practical purposes, as benign.

Central Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1979

Frequent mistakes made with black patients in psychotherapy.

This report reflects some insights derived from a decade of supervising psychiatric residents who engaged in dynamic psychotherapy with black patients. Of major interest was giving particular attention to what was said by black patients while remaining alert to the responses given by the therapist. From these observations some common mistakes have been identified and the conclusion is that rapport between patient and therapist was dependent upon a genuine regard for the patient's race, culture, and life-style.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1978

The black aged: a strategy for future mental health services.

The younger generation of today will become the elderly of tomorrow. The qualitative differences in life experiences of blacks versus whites lead to differences in the manifestations of emotional problems. Thus the need for a special psychiatric strategy for aged blacks in the future. The problems of blacks, regardless of age, are inextricably linked with beliefs regarding illness, health and institutionalized racism. The many psychiatric ghettoes stemming from the depopulation of mental hospitals reflect poor planning and an obvious disregard for the realities of the whole life situations of elderly blacks. There should be an end to living in squalor and being the victims of muggings, rape and all forms of exploitation. Psychiatry should step forward with some careful and significant plans.

Black or African American↗