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Biomedical subjects

J H Calhoun

Publications and source records attributed to J H Calhoun.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Computer-assisted instruction in orthopedic biomechanics.

A computer-aided instructional (CAI) course in biomechanics was developed at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston. This was used by our residents in preparation for the 1984 OITE. The course was developed on a 256K IBM personal computer with a color graphics board and color monitor. The course requires about 6 hours of user time to complete. The program was written in the Basic computer language and consists of a master and teaching program. The master program keeps track of the name of the user and his or her progress. The teaching program contains the chapters of biomechanical concepts with a quiz after each chapter. The chapters present the basic concepts of biomechanics with interactive color graphics. The quizzes contain about 20 board-type questions. Six residents voluntarily used the CAI and nine residents chose not to use the CAI. There was no difference in the two groups' outside reading of biomechanical texts or other methods of study. There was no statistical difference between the two groups 1983 OITE biomechanics score. There was also no statistical change in the nonusers' score from 1983 to 1984. The users, however, showed a statistically significant improvement (p less than .05) from the previous year. We conclude that with the wide use of properly developed CAI is an effective and efficient method to provide education for orthopedists.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1986

Signs and symptoms in the presentation of primary infantile glaucoma.

Delayed initiation of proper therapy for infants with primary infantile glaucoma results in an unnecessarily poor outcome. In an effort to understand why some infants and children had more advanced disease than others, researchers reviewed the records of 24 consecutive infants and children with this problem. The presenting signs and symptoms were studied in particular. As noted by the parents, only 32% had the full classic symptom complex of epiphora and photophobia/blepharospasm. Twenty-one percent of infants and children presented with parents having noted signs of infantile glaucoma without ever noting symptoms. More than 90% of infants and children had signs of glaucoma at their initial presentation to a physician. Signs of glaucoma are apparently more difficult to appreciate in bilateral cases. In each of the three cases in which physicians repeatedly failed to make the diagnosis or refer the patient to an ophthalmologist bilateral disease was present. Recognition of the signs and symptoms of primary infantile glaucoma will allow physicians to refer infants and children at a time when good vision may be maintained in the majority of cases.

Conjunctivitis↗
PubMed1985

Retrobulbar anesthesia in strabismus surgery. II. Use of a short-acting anesthetic agent.

Forty-two patients underwent strabismus surgery with a retrobulbar injection of 3% chloroprocaine hydrochloride. In the 18 patients who were followed up in the immediate postoperative period, the average duration of action of 3% chloroprocaine was found to be 2.13 hours. In addition to the advantages of local anesthesia, this short-acting anesthetic permits earlier modifications of adjustable sutures and the earlier discharge of patients on the same day as surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Progression of congenital anterior polar cataracts in childhood.

We studied five patients with the unusual and insidious progression of congenital anterior polar cataracts during childhood. All five children ultimately required surgery. In two children the progressive opacification occurred in posterior portions of the lens and was inapparent to parents. We therefore recommend a regular and careful follow-up of all children with anterior polar cataracts.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Silsoft extended wear contact lenses in pediatric aphakia.

Fifty pediatric aphakic patients, ranging in age from 7 days to 11 years, were fitted with the Silsoft extended wear contact lens. Compared to other extended wear lenses, the Silsoft lens has several advantages. These include easier handling, a less traumatic fitting procedure for the child, the use of fluorescein for evaluation of the lens-cornea relationship and a low loss rate. This lens appears to be safe, with no permanent adverse effects on the cornea.

Aphakia, Postcataract↗
PubMed1985

Medical management of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

One hundred thirteen consecutive children seen with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction were treated with local massage and topical antibiotic ointment. The obstruction was resolved in 107 patients within eight months of initiation of this form of management. Nearly all of the children were spared a surgical procedure that probably would have been performed if early probing of the nasolacrimal system had been advocated.

Erythromycin↗
PubMed1985

Large bimedial rectus recessions in congenital esotropia.

The success rate of large (6 and 7 mm) bimedial rectus recessions in 45 congenital esotropes with deviations of 50 prism dioptres or greater was found to be 91%. Judgment of final alignment was made six weeks postoperatively, with an average follow-up of 13 months. Large bimedial rectus recessions are an effective surgical treatment for congenital esotropia. This procedure does not significantly alter adduction, and leaves other muscles available should further surgery be necessary. These findings show that initial surgery on three or more muscles is unnecessary in congenital esotropia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Isokinetic testing of shoulder strength: normal values.

In isokinetic muscle testing of the shoulders of 31 normal volunteers, no statistical difference was found between dominant and nondominant shoulders, even though there was a consistent pattern of greater strength in the dominant shoulder. Internal rotation strength was greater than external rotation (p less than 0.01) by the ratio of 3:2 for both the fast and slow torque arm speed. Extension strength was greater than flexion (p less than 0.01) by a ratio of 5:4 at both speeds. Adduction strength was greater than abduction (p less than 0.01) by a ratio of 2:1 for both speeds. Overall, adduction strength was greatest, followed by extension, flexion, abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation. Male strength was greater than female, but the advantage decreased when normalized for lean body mass and exercise habit.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Medical management of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

A consecutive series of 113 infants seen with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction were treated with local massage and topical antibiotic ointment. In 107 of the infants the obstruction was resolved within 8 months of initiation of this form of management. Nearly all of the infants were spared a surgical procedure that probably would have been performed if early probing of the nasolacrimal system had been advocated.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1984

Retrobulbar anesthesia in strabismus surgery.

Forty-nine patients, ranging in age from 12 to 77 years, underwent strabismus surgery under local anesthesia. With standard preoperative medication and a retrobulbar injection of 2% mepivacaine hydrochloride (hyaluronidase added in 12 patients), effective anesthesia was obtained. Twenty-four patients were observed during the immediate postoperative period, and return of extraocular muscle function and visual acuity was found to be complete an average of 3.8 hours after the injection. The addition of hyaluronidase significantly altered the duration of the anesthetic. Local anesthesia may be a preferable technique in terms of decreased morbidity, especially in the older patient. The short duration of anesthesia and lack of side effects also enable the surgeon to use adjustable sutures and make the final adjustment relatively early in the postoperative period.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗
PubMed1984

Treatment of congenital ptosis with frontalis suspension: a comparison of suspensory materials.

One hundred forty-five consecutive frontalis suspension procedures performed during the years 1976 to 1982 at the Wills Eye Hospital for the repair of congenital ptosis were reviewed. Results with nylon polyfilament cable-type suture ( Supramid Extra) as the suspensory material were compared to results with allogenic fascia lata. Forty-nine of the 121 polyfilament cable-type suture procedures (40.5%) were considered failures either because of ptosis recurrence (28.1%) or granuloma formation (12.4%). Only two of 24 (8.3%) of the fascia lata cases failed. No granuloma was associated with the use of fascia lata. The clinical and pathologic characteristics of ptosis recurrence and suture-rejection granuloma formation are discussed. Available preparations of allogenic fascia lata are reviewed and suggested as alternatives to the use of nylon polyfilament cable-type sutures for the repair of congenital ptosis.

Blepharoptosis↗
PubMed1984

Surgical management for abnormal head position in nystagmus: the augmented modified Kestenbaum procedure.

Patients with nystagmus and an eccentric null point in lateral gaze may assume an abnormal head position to maximise visual acuity. Surgical procedures for this condition can result in significant undercorrection of the head turn. A follow-up of 15 patients for an average of 33 months revealed a sustained improvement in head position with the use of the augmented modified Kestenbaum procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Cataracts in children.

As in so many ocular disorders, early detection and treatment is of great importance in the visual prognosis of children with cataracts. To this end, the author discusses the signs and symptoms of cataracts, the evaluation of the child with cataracts, the treatment, management, prognosis of cataracts, and the complications of cataract surgery.

Cataract↗