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Biomedical subjects

J H Boyd

Publications and source records attributed to J H Boyd.

51 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Different definitions of alcoholism, II: A pilot study of 10 definitions in a treatment setting.

The authors have developed the Alcohol Poly-Diagnostic Interview, which permits the operationalization of the 10 leading definitions of alcoholism used in the United States and Europe. In a pilot study of 23 patients in an outpatient alcohol treatment facility, all patients were identified as alcoholic by seven of the diagnostic schemes; the other three diagnostic schemes identified at least 78% of the patients as alcoholic. The authors also found that the Diagnostic Interview Schedule was sensitive to the diagnosis of alcoholism among treated patients. This approach should facilitate further research into the relationship among various definitions of alcoholism and studies of their validity.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Screening for depression in a community sample. Understanding the discrepancies between depression symptom and diagnostic scales.

Discrepancies between the symptoms of depression, as found in a self-report questionnaire (Center for Epidemiologic Studies--Depression Scale [CED-D]), and the diagnosis of major depression as made by the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) occurred in a community survey. The discrepancies can be explained by the subject's psychiatric or medical disorders other than depression, by nay saying during the interview, or by the exclusion criteria of the RDC (duration of symptoms, role impairment, or help seeking) that are not part of the CES-D. Results show that the discrepancies can be readily explained.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Epidemiology of affective disorders. A reexamination and future directions.

Epidemiologic studies of depression have been difficult to interpret because of differing case definitions and variation in diagnostic procedures between studies. We review data from recent epidemiologic studies in which the new research diagnostic techniques were used. We have divided the data into studies of depressive symptoms, bipolar disorder, and nonbipolar depression. An effort is made to integrate the findings of older studies in light of this new classification. Using this classification, there is less variation in epidemiologic rates (point prevalence, incidence, and lifetime risk) than has been noted in previous reviews. Future directions of research are also discussed.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1979

The interaction of family therapy and psychodynamic individual therapy in an inpatient setting.

Although individual psychotherapy is an established treatment modality in psychoanalytically oriented hospitals, family therapy is a relative newcomer. When family therapy is introduced into such an inpatient setting, it raises issues which have not yet been widely discussed. On the one hand there is the question of how inpatient family therapy differs from outpatient family therapy, and what its special characteristics are. This question has only begun to be discussed. On the other hand there is the question of how family therapy relates to individual therapy that is being conducted simultaneously with a member of the same family. In general the individual psychotherapy literature tends to speak as if family therapy did not exist, and the family therapy literature speaks as if individual therapy should be abolished and supplanted by family therapy. Some authors have begun to try to build bridges between the two fields on the level of theory, but almost none have reported on the interaction between the two treatment modalities on a pragmatic level when they are conducted simultaneously (Kugel, 1974).

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Degenerative myopathy in housed yearling bulls.

In an outbreak of a degenerative myopathy six animals from a group of 20 intensively reared yearling bulls were affected. With one exception there was no history of stress or unaccustomed exercise. The diet was found to be deficient in vitamin E and selenium and it is thought that the rapid growth rate of the bulls concurrent with a continuing myodegeneration was sufficient to precipitate clinical disease.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between psychological status and compliance in a sample of patients treated for cancer of the head and neck.

BACKGROUND: the psychological status of patients treated for advanced head and neck cancer is an area of patient care that has not received sufficient attention from caregivers and can be influential in terms of patient outcomes. METHODS: Thirty patients participated in this study designed to evaluate areas of psychological distress associated with treatment of advanced head and neck cancer. Patients completed a set of questionnaires related to various psychosocial variables including anxiety, depression, social support, health locus of control, adjustment to illness, illness-related behaviors, and compliance. RESULTS: Moderate levels of depression and anxiety, disability, and psychological distress characterize this sample of patients. Additionally, patient self-report of compliance reveals different variable combinations to be related to overall diet and medication compliance, and different levels of each compliance type were observed. CONCLUSION: Head and neck cancer therapy presents a unique set of challenges for patients. Awareness of the impact of the illness and the psychological distress that are experienced should improve patient compliance and medical outcome.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in quality-of-life scores in a population of patients treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

BACKGROUND: Quality of life levels fluctuate depending on treatment type and at various points throughout treatment. In patients with advanced head and neck cancer, quality of life is thought to be treatment dependent. The purpose of this study is to compare levels of patients self-reported quality of life across treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Preliminary data presented here are based on 24 patients enrolled so far in an experimental organ-preservation protocol. The two treatment groups consist of one group treated with chemotherapy (paclitaxel and carboplatin) followed by radiation therapy and the second group which is treated with chemotherapy (paclitaxel and carboplatin) followed by surgery and postoperative radiation. Data is collected pretreatment and at uniform points throughout the course of treatment. RESULTS: Preliminary results suggest that quality of life is significantly higher in the nonsurgical group than in the surgical group at the last treatment point reported. Social distress/avoidance is also lower in the nonsurgical group. Because of the small number of patients represented in this study, results should be interpreted with caution and should be viewed as descriptive at this juncture. CONCLUSION: Quality of life seems to be preserved in patients who experience less invasive and disfiguring treatment, and who also have compromised eating and communication abilities. Data collection in this study is ongoing.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intraoperative transcranial Doppler ultrasound in head and neck surgery: a preliminary report.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the possible role of intraoperative cerebral emboli in the origin of perioperative stroke during major head and neck surgical procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven patients undergoing major head and neck surgery that involved direct manipulation of the carotid sheath were the participants in this study. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound was used intraoperatively to detect possible cerebral emboli. The presence or absence of intraoperative cerebral emboli in each patient was assessed by the presence or absence of typical embolic signal patterns within the TCD waveform. RESULTS: No intraoperative cerebral emboli were noted in the series, nor did any patient have a postoperative stroke. CONCLUSIONS: No intraoperative cerebral emboli were noted by using TCD ultrasound for embolus monitoring in patients undergoing major head and neck surgery involving carotid sheath manipulation. This detection system is easily used in appropriate head and neck cases and allows real-time, noninvasive intraoperative monitoring.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration biopsy of well-differentiated liposarcoma of the neck in a young female. A case report.

BACKGROUND: Well-differentiated liposarcomas are low grade, nonmetastasizing, malignant neoplasms composed primarily of mature adipose tissue. They are uncommon in the head and neck. CASE: A 24-year-old female presented to the ears, nose and throat clinic for evaluation of a recent, rapidly growing neck mass on the right side. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of the mass showed that the smears had fragments of connective tissue with a mixture of mature-appearing fat traversed by bands of fibrous collagen and vessels. Nuclei within the fat and fibrous bands were mildly irregular, hyperchromatic and enlarged, with one or two small nucleoli. Infrequently present but readily identified, lipoblasts were scattered throughout the aspirate smears. A diagnosis of "atypical lipomatous neoplasm" was rendered. Subsequently, the mass was surgically removed. On histologic examination, the tumor was a well-differentiated liposarcoma. CONCLUSION: FNA biopsy of well-differentiated liposarcomas in the head and neck can present difficulties in the classification and diagnosis of this neoplasm.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Correlation of fine needle aspiration biopsy and fluoride-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the assessment of locally recurrent and metastatic head and neck neoplasia.

OBJECTIVE: Patients with primary head and neck neoplasia can present during follow-up with suspected recurrence, and both fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and fluoride-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scan are available methodologies for evaluating these patients. Our objective was to retrospectively correlate patients who underwent both FNAB and FDG-PET scan in order to assess the possibility of recurrent neoplasia. STUDY DESIGN: The cytopathology files at Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center were retrospectively searched for patients with known primary head and neck malignancies beginning in 1995. Suspected recurrence and local metastases evaluated by both FNAB and FDG-PET scan were correlated. RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients received a combined total of 37 FNABs with concurrent FDG-PET scans. The majority of patients had primary oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with intermixed, single cases of other primary head and neck neoplasms. Thirty of the 32 aspirates with recurrent or locally metastatic disease had combined positive findings by both FNAB and FDG-PET scan, yielding a sensitivity of 94%. One nonspecific and one negative FDG-PET scan came from a patient who had disease confirmed by FNAB. Five patients had negative findings by both methods that were supported by the subsequent clinical course. CONCLUSION: FNAB can provide confirmatory evidence of disease in a clinically suspicious abnormality with nonspecific FDG-PET results. FNAB and FDG-PET are highly sensitive for tumors in cases of clinically suspected recurrence and locally metastatic disease.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiologic trends in firearm suicides among adolescents.

Total and firearm suicide rates in the United States from 1933 to 1982 were examined by 5-year age groups for males and females 10-24 years of age. Both total and firearm suicide rates increased in all groups from low points in the 1950s until the 1970s. Rates continued to climb for young people 10-19 years of age, but declined for 20- to 24-year-olds. The proportion of the total suicide rate due to firearms increased from approximately half in the 1930s to nearly two-thirds in the early 1980s. In all three age groups, female suicides used firearms in nearly the same proportion as males. Whether or not the increasing availability of firearms is one of the many causes of the rise in young suicides is unknown.

Adolescent↗