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Biomedical subjects

J H Bower

Publications and source records attributed to J H Bower.

25 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of a single oral dose of [14C]tri-o-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) in the male rat.

A single oral dose of 50 mg/kg of [14C]TOCP was administered in corn oil to male rats. Three animals were sacrificed at each of 2, 6 and 12 h and 1, 2 and 5 days following dosing, and tissues and excreta were analyzed for 14C. Within 5 days, 63 and 36% of the dose were recovered in the urine and feces, respectively. Initially, the highest concentrations of radioactivity were observed in the gastrointestinal tract, its contents, the urinary bladder, liver and kidneys. Appreciable concentrations of 14C were detected in plasma, red blood cells, lungs and adipose tissues, while neural tissues, muscle, spleen and testes contained lower concentrations of radioactivity. Among neural tissues, the sciatic nerve contained the highest concentrations of 14C at all time points studied. The concentration of TOCP in plasma was at maximum by 6 h then declined biexponentially with terminal half-life of 46 h. The predominant metabolites in plasma were o-cresyl dihydrogen phosphate, di-o-cresyl hydrogen phosphate and o-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid). Small concentrations of the neurotoxic metabolite of saligenin cyclic-o-tolyl phosphate, were detected in plasma at all but the last time point analyzed. Most of the radioactivity extracted from the livers of rats sacrificed at 2 and 4 h were metabolites. No TOCP was detected in the urine or feces collected within 3 days after dosing. The major metabolite in the urine and feces was o-cresyl dihydrogen phosphate followed by di-o-cresyl hydrogen phosphate, salicylic acid, o-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and o-cresol. This study supports the hypothesis that the insensitivity of the rat to TOCP-induced delayed neurotoxicity may be attributed, in part, to the disposition and metabolism of this chemical.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Parotid gland biopsy and 67Ga imaging correlation in systemic sarcoidosis.

We correlated the results of parotid gland biopsy, chest roentgenograms, and gallium citrate scintigraphy in 24 patients evaluated for possible systemic sarcoidosis. Of 19 patients ultimately proven to have sarcoidosis, 11 (57.9 percent) had positive parotid gland biopsy. The yield of parotid gland biopsy in patients with abnormal gallium parotid activity was only marginally higher (64.7 percent). Abnormal parotid gland uptake of gallium citrate was seen in 17 of these 19 patients (89.5 percent) and was always associated with abnormal lung or perihilar activity. The parotid gland biopsy is a useful technique for obtaining the tissue diagnosis of sarcoidosis; however, gallium scintigraphy should not be performed to select patients as this will only marginally increase the biopsy yield.

Gallium Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1987

Transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma.

Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) was performed as a diagnostic procedure in 91 consecutive patients ultimately proven to have bronchogenic carcinoma. Results of TBNA were compared, in the same patients, to the diagnostic yield of cytologic examination of sputum, endobronchial brushings and washings, and endobronchial/transbronchial biopsy. The diagnostic yield for sputum was 13 percent (10 of 75); brushings, 40 percent (34 of 84); washings, 29 percent (26 of 89); biopsy, 56 percent (42 of 75); and TBNA, 45 percent (41 of 91). Aspirates were positive in 35 percent of patients with adenocarcinoma, 41 percent with squamous cell carcinoma, 52 percent with large cell undifferentiated carcinoma, and 55 percent of patients with small cell carcinoma. Carinal aspirates were positive in 54 percent (6 of 11); paratracheal aspirates, 57 percent (13 of 23); parabronchial aspirates, 39 percent (11 of 28); endobronchial, 78 percent (7 of 9), and peripheral mass or solitary pulmonary nodule, 40 percent (17 of 42). The overall diagnostic yield for brushings, washings, and biopsy was 64 percent. The addition of TBNA increased the yield to 71 percent. Bronchogenic carcinoma was diagnosed solely by TBNA in six patients, all with extrabronchial or extratracheal lesions. We conclude that TBNA increases the diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy, particularly in patients with extratracheal and extrabronchial lesions. An equally important observation is that TBNA fails to contribute significantly to the diagnosis of cancer in patients with lesions readily accessible by conventional bronchoscopic techniques. Exceptions to this observation include occasional patients with necrotic endobronchial tumors, submucosal lesions, and rarely patients with peripheral lung nodules or masses.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Abnormal lung and liver uptake of gallium-67 and technetium-99m MDP in hypercalcemia of lymphoma with metastatic pulmonary calcification.

Abnormal pulmonary uptake of Ga-67 citrate and Tc-99m MDP and reversible liver uptake of Tc-99m MDP was seen in a patient with hypercalcemia of lymphoma and biopsy-proven metastatic pulmonary calcification. Abnormal lung uptake of Tc-99m MDP may confirm the diagnosis of pulmonary calcification, lessening the need for invasive procedures to evaluate pathologic lung uptake of Ga-67 citrate.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1986

Transbronchial needle aspiration staging of bronchogenic carcinoma.

Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) has been advocated as a reliable technique in the nonsurgical staging of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. Some have questioned the reliability of TBNA, however. We used TBNA directed by computed tomography (CT) in 88 consecutive patients with bronchogenic carcinoma who had undergone chest CT. Chest CT was 94% sensitive, 79% specific, and 85% accurate in evaluating the mediastinum for malignant lymphadenopathy. There were 19 malignant aspirates in 44 patients with malignancy and apparent adenopathy evaluated by chest CT. No malignant carinal aspirates were obtained in any patient with a normal mediastinum evaluated by chest CT. There were 2 false positive needle aspirates. One patient with apparent right paratracheal adenopathy and malignant needle aspirate had no mediastinal neoplasm detected at surgery. The other false positive aspirate had been contaminated by tracheal debris. The overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of TBNA mediastinal staging were 50, 96, and 78%, respectively. We conclude that CT scanning is a useful adjunct in the staging of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma, and that TBNA is a sensitive and highly specific staging technique that may negate the need for surgical staging in a large number of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Acute toxic delirium. Neurotoxicity of intrathecal administration of amphotericin B.

A patient with coccidioidal meningitis was treated with intrathecally administered amphotericin B, and an acute toxic delirium with EEG abnormalities developed. Clinical recovery followed discontinuation of therapy and paralleled EEG resolution. This complication was dose related and argues for caution when initiating intrathecal therapy with amphotericin B at doses greater than 0.025 mg.

Acute Disease↗