Measures enabling one to assess general feelings about a relationship, social exchange behaviors, and the particularism and symbolism of resources given to and received from another were examined longitudinally in 38 dating couples. These variables were first measured shortly after a couple began to date and again approximately 4 months later. We found that in contrast to what might be expected from prevailing theories of relationship development, the later status of couples (still dating or broken up) could be predicted with a high degree of accuracy from the initial measures. This finding corroborates and extends previous work dealing with same-sex friendships. Couples who were still dating 4 months later demonstrated greater love, more relationship-maintaining behaviors, more favorable evaluations of the dating relationship, and greater amounts of self-disclosure at the time of initial contact than did couples who broke up. Over time, these differences (as well as others) between couples who did and who did not continue dating intensified. In terms of the types of resources subjects gave and received from their dating partner, more particularistic and more symbolic resources were exchanged in continuing couples only later. Although both continuing and noncontinuing couples showed a decrease in the correlation between the love that members reported, this was offset in continuing daters by increasingly similar reports of reward, equity, and liking. Results are discussed in terms of initial versus gradually evolving differences between continuing and noncontinuing relationships.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

Quantitative evaluation of regional differences between epithelia in the adult mouse.

The composition and proliferation of skin from the ear, tail and footpad oral mucosa form the palate, cheek and tongue of adult mice were examined. The thickness of the nucleated cell layer of skin showed an approximately two-fold variation; a similar range was found between that of oral mucosae but that was considerably thicker than skin. No direct correlation between epithelial thickness and the number of nucleated cells was observed. Proliferative activity, assessed following the administration of vinblastine sulphate, and turnover of the epithelium showed a broad range of activities but more rapid in the oral epithelia than in the epidermis, suggesting a relationship between functional stress and proliferative activity. The criteria used clearly distinguish between morphologically different epithelia and should prove useful examining experimentally produced changes in epithelial histodifferentiation.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Barbiturate withdrawal and magnesium deficiency in mice.

C57BL/6J male mice rendered physically dependent on phenobarbital exhibited significantly lower whole-brain and serum-magnesium concentrations than did control mice. The symptoms of phenobarbital withdrawal were remarkably similar to those seen in magnesium-deficient mice exposed to a low-magnesium diet without drug exposure. These findings suggest that brain magnesium deficits produced by chronic phenobarbital withdrawal could contribute to the observed phenobarbital withdrawal syndrome. Administration of MgSO4 during withdrawal significantly reduced the incidence of tonicclonic and lethal tonic seizures.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Alcohol withdrawal and magnesium deficiency in mice.

DBA/2J mice exposed to chronic alcohol (ethanol) intoxication were found to have lower whole brain magnesium (Mg) concentrations than control animals. The symptoms of alcohol withdrawal were found to be strikingly similar to those seen in Mg deficient mice exposed to a low Mg diet without alcohol exposure. These findings suggest that CNS Mg deficits produced by alcohol exposure could contribute to the observed alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Serum Mg concentrations were also determined, and low correlations (less than or equal to 0.3) were found with brain Mg concentrations.

Alcoholism↗

PubMed1977

Preabsorptive vs. postabsorptive control of ethanol intake in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice.

Experimentally naive male mice of both strains were exposed to a two-bottle choice situation (ethanol vs. water) and their drinking behavior was observed during the first hour. DBA/2J mice developed a significant avoidance of 2% or 10% ethanol during the first 10 min. At 15 and 60 min following introduction of the bottles, no DBA mouse exhibited more than a 6 mg% blood ethanol level while all of the C57BL mice exceeded this concentration. Significant postabsorptive effects in the DBA mice seem unlikely at these very low blood ethanol values. Animals of both strains were examined for their ability to form lithium-induced conditioned taste aversions to 2% ethanol or 15% sucrose solutions. DBA mice readily formed conditioned aversions to both solutions, but the C57BL strain significantly avoided only the sucrose. C57BL mice appear to have difficulty in discriminating the 2% ethanol from distilled water. The neural sensitivity to ethanol was examined in both strains using the sleep time test and the grid test. C57BL mice were significantly more sensitive than DBA mice in both tests.

Alcohol Drinking↗

PubMed1977

Induction and reversal of the magnesium deficiency syndrome in inbred mice.

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Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Update in pediatric dentistry.

The pediatric nurse practitioner advises families in proper oral hygiene, fluoride supplementation, prevention of damaging oral habits and tooth decay, and the need for children to see a pediatric dentist. This article presents the issues of oral health for children from infancy through adolescence. Common pathologic conditions, oral trauma, and the use of sealants in children are also described.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Variant of the Lisfranc fracture-dislocation: a case report and review of the literature.

Lisfranc fracture-dislocations are uncommon injuries with several variations. We present one such variation and include a pertinent review of the literature. This case is unusual in that there was lateral tarsometatarsal disruption with neither diastasis between the first and second metatarsals nor injury to either the first or second tarsometatarsal joints. Destabilization of the lateral Lisfranc joints was secondary to fractures through the second and third metatarsal shafts. Anatomic reduction and stabilization of the lateral Lisfranc joints resulted only after open anatomic reduction and internal fixation of the metatarsal fractures. Two-year follow-up confirmed an excellent clinical and radiographic result.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Subjective signs of efficacious inferior alveolar nerve block in children.

This study is designed to examine the clinical signs relating to profound anesthesia of the primary dentition using the inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) injection. The IANB injection has been used for many years for both adults and children to anesthetize the mandibular teeth. Most dentists are quite familiar with the signs of profound intraoral anesthesia in the adult. Because of infrequent exposure, they might not be as aware of the signs of adequate anesthesia on the child patient. Additionally, the dentist may not be able to differentiate apprehensive behavior from behavior elicited with inadequate pulpal anesthesia. The study consisted of forty male and female children. The subjects who ranged in age from 3 years to 12 years, with a mean age of 7 years, were scheduled for routine restorative care of mandibular primary teeth. Each subject was injected with 1.8 ml of 2 percent xylocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine using the mandibular-block technique. Anesthesia was evaluated using direct ice placement, lip reaction, tongue reaction and gingival reaction at intervals of 0, 1, 2, and 5 minutes. The results showed a correlation of lip and tongue anesthesia and pulpal anesthesia over time. A stronger correlation existed with gingival anesthesia and pulpal anesthesia over time. There was no statistical relationship between the subject response to ice and pulpal anesthesia.

Anesthesia, Dental↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Conservative technique for restoring primary molars after pulpotomy treatment.

The conservative technique provides a more esthetically pleasing result in patients where significant tooth structure remains after completion of a pulpotomy. This technique is particularly beneficial for situations where the access for the pulpotomy was made through only the occlusal surface, leaving all proximal surfaces intact.

Acrylic Resins↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Argon laser irradiation and acidulated phosphate fluoride treatment in caries-like lesion formation in enamel: an in vitro study.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the combined effects of argon laser irradiation (ArI) and acidulated phosphate fluoride treatment (APF) on caries-like lesion formation in human enamel. Each specimen was divided into tooth quarters with each quarter assigned to one of four groups: 1) control; 2) ArI Only; 3) ArI before APF treatment; 4) APF treatment before ArI. After a fluoride-free prophylaxis, acid-resistant varnish was applied to the tooth quarters, leaving sound enamel windows exposed on buccal and lingual surfaces. Argon laser irradiation was at 2 watts for 10s (100J/cm2). APF treatment was with a 1.23% APF gel for 4 min. Lesions were created in sound enamel windows with an acidified gel. After lesion formation, sections were obtained and imbibed with water for polarized light study. Body of the lesion depths were determined and compared among the four groups. Lesion depths were: 195 +/- 23 microns for control; 129 +/- 17 microns for ArI only; 96 +/- 14 microns for ArI before APF; and 88 +/- 11 microns for APF before ArI. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between the control group and all treatment groups, and between the ArI only group and both combined APF and ArI groups. Significant difference (P > 0.05) was not found between the ArI before APF and the APF before ArI groups. Laser irradiation alone reduced lesion depth by 34% compared with control lesions. When ArI was combined with APF treatment, lesion depth decreased by more than 50% compared with control lesions, and by 26 to 32% when compared with lased-only lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Caries-like lesion initiation and progression in sound enamel following argon laser irradiation: an in vitro study.

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Argon↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Oral ketamine for pediatric outpatient dental surgery sedation.

This study compared the sedative effectiveness of orally administered ketamine to a combination of oral meperidine/promethazine (Demerol/Phenergan) in two groups of children. One group received ketamine at a dose of 6 mg/kg and the other group received meperidine/promethazine combination at a dose of 2 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively. All children received nitrous oxide 30-50% titrated to effect. A four-point modification of the Houpt et al. rating scale for the overall behavior was used in the evaluations. The quality of sedation, as rated by subjective measurement of overall behavior (sleep, crying, body movement), was higher in the ketamine group (borderline significance; P = 0.07). Mean onset time was significantly shorter (P < 0.001) for ketamine (20.5 min) than meperidine/promethazine (42.4 min) and postoperative sleep time (recovery) was also shorter (borderline significance; P = 0.08) for ketamine (55.6 min) than meperidine/promethazine (106.8 min). Operative times were similar, but the placement of rubber dam and local anesthetic were slightly better tolerated in the ketamine group. Vomiting was significantly more prevalent (P = 0.05) among those who received oral ketamine. Vital signs were consistent for the two groups with no oxygen desaturation below 95%.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The continuum of restorative materials in pediatric dentistry--a review for the clinician.

Many choices are available to the practitioner of restorative dentistry for children. With the introduction of several new classes of restorative materials in recent years, some confusion has been created about what these materials are, making it difficult to identify their appropriate clinical use. This paper reviews glass-ionomer materials, resin-modified (reinforced) glass ionomers, compomers, and composite resins for the practitioner. Definitions of these materials, a general description of their contents, and usage-selection criteria are provided. Although more choices for tooth restoration can make the selection of the right material more difficult, a better understanding of the components and the strengths and weaknesses of each category of materials offers the opportunity to select the right material for the right situation.

Child↗