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Biomedical subjects

J H Ball

Publications and source records attributed to J H Ball.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Image analysis of cellular DNA content in peritoneal fluid of patients with ovarian tumors of low malignant potential and invasive epithelial ovarian cancer.

Image analysis has rarely been used to quantitate the DNA content of intact cells derived from peritoneal fluid in patients with ovarian malignancy. An average of 118 (range 100-208) of the most atypical, visually selected Feulgen-stained cells in peritoneal fluid obtained from 46 patients undergoing primary cytoreductive surgery for histologically proven ovarian tumors of low malignant potential and truly invasive ovarian cancer were evaluated retrospectively using the SAMBA-4000 Image analysis system. The patients were stratified into 3 groups: 16 with ovarian tumors of low malignant potential (LMP), 14 with low-stage disease (LSD) (FIGO I and II), and 16 with advanced-stage (ASD) (FIGO III and IV). A pattern of high-degree aneuploidy with negative balance (means: LMP, 3.3; LSD, 20.5; ASD, 32.0), increased proliferative index (LMP, 11.2; LSD, 16.1; ASD, 13.9), and percentage of cells with DNA content greater than 5C (LMP, 6.7; LSD, 6.5; ASD, 9.5) was demonstrated in the peritoneal fluid of 8 of 16 patients with LMP (50%), 8 of 14 patients with LSD (57%), and 13 of 16 with ASD (81%). The median disease-free interval for patients with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer with peritoneal DNA diploid tumor cells was 57 months and for those with DNA aneuploid tumor cells 28 months, while in patients with LMP it was 65 and 54 months, respectively. In total, 19 patients developed a recurrence (LMP, 2; LSD, 5; ASD, 12) of which 17 were shown to have DNA aneuploid cells in the peritoneal fluid. Multivariate analysis, however, did not identify aneuploid population in the fluid, ploidy balance, proliferation indices, or degree of hyperploidy as an independently significant variable for predicting recurrence. It did appear, however, that tumor cells in peritoneal fluid with a degree of hyperploidy greater than 8 had a strong correlation for development of recurrence, although not statistically significant. Interactive image analysis of tumor cells in peritoneal fluid proved to be a valuable adjunct to cytodiagnosis. Seven of 28 patients (25%) who were underdiagnosed by cytology alone (LMP, 2; LSD, 3; ASD, 2) were shown to have malignant cells in their peritoneal fluid, while 2 of 18 patients (11%) who were called positive by cytology (LMP, 1; LSD, 1) showed diploid pattern histograms and upon review were interpreted as reactive mesothelial cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Management of the anticoagulated dental patient.

An understanding of the primary mechanisms of hemostasis, including the coagulation pathways and the intrinsic, extrinsic, and common systems, is the basis for treating the anticoagulated patient. Two major anticoagulants are used for treating those who may be at risk for thromboembolic crisis. These drugs include Coumadin, which is an oral anticoagulant, and heparin, a parenteral anticoagulant, which is often used for acute thromboembolic episodes or for hospitalization protocols that include significant surgical procedures. The practitioner should be familiar with common dental drugs that can interact with anticoagulants and should consult with the patient's physician before administering any such drugs. By placing the patient into one of three dental treatment categories, appropriate anticoagulation therapy can be rendered to each patient according to his or her needs. Low-risk procedures require no change in anticoagulation medication. For moderate-risk procedures, withdrawal of anticoagulation medication 2 days before the procedure and verified with the PT the day of the procedure is indicated. For high-risk dental procedures, using a heparin protocol should be strongly considered. In all instances of dental treatment, the oral tissues should be treated atraumatically using local hemostatic measures for control of hemorrhage. Treating medically compromised patients who are on a variety of medications is becoming more common in dentistry today. Understanding the underlying disease and the appropriate protocol for treatment of anticoagulated patients reduces the risk of thromboembolism and hemorrhagic complications.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMed1994

Extensive primary cytoreductive surgery for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.

This retrospective descriptive study provides our experience with a subset of 30 patients with Stage III or Stage IV ovarian cancer who presented at initial laparotomy with advanced disease in whom large (greater than 10 cm) confluent nodules, plaques, or nodal metastatic deposits were found intraperitoneally. The nature of the extirpative procedures performed resulted in extensive primary cytoreductive surgery involving multiple organ resection. All the patients had removal of their primary tumor from the pelvis, an omentectomy, and appendectomy. In addition to resection of rectosigmoid colon in 27 patients, 11 had concomitant resection of the small bowel and 13 of the large bowel, 3 of which were hemicolectomy. In the remaining 3 patients who did not have rectosigmoid resection a hemicolectomy was performed, 2 of which also had resection of small bowel. Three patients required a primary colostomy, while 1 had a colostomy as a secondary procedure following the development of a rectovaginal fistula. Eight patients had a splenectomy, 2 had resection of portion of the tail of the pancreas, 10 had a partial urinary bladder cystectomy and 2 had a nephrectomy. The average operating time and blood loss was 5 hr 18 min and 2900 ml, respectively. Two patients died within 48 hr postoperatively, two required a second laparotomy for persistent intraabdominal bleeding, and six developed late thrombotic complications. In total 43% of the patients developed serious postoperative complications. We present our findings and allude to the morbidity and mortality that may ensue when such extensive cytoreductive surgery is undertaken.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Retroperitoneal malignant schwannoma. A case report.

This is the 15th fully documented case of retroperitoneal malignant schwannoma in the English-language literature. The histogenesis and morphological features are described. Apart from recommending radical surgical resection with adequate tumour margins, the literature provides very little guidance on management. Our patient received adriamycin and dacarbazine as adjuvant therapy and is clinically without evidence of disease 6 months after definitive surgery.

Female↗
PubMed1977

The outpatient treatment of refractory hypertension with minoxidil.

Minoxidil is a potent orally administered vasodilator under investigation for use in severe hypertension. Fifteen patients with moderate to severe hypertension refractory to conventional antihypertensive drugs were treated with minoxidil on an outpatient basis. Propranolol and furosemide were administered concomitantly to control reflex tachycardia and fluid retention. Good blood pressure control was achieved in all but one patient with the average supine mean arterial blood pressure falling from 140 mm Hg with conventional drugs to 106 mm Hg with minoxidil (P less than 0.0005). The major side effects of fluid retention (9/15), hirsutism (15/15), and tachycardia were adequately controlled in all but one patient. We conclude that minoxidil will be a valuable drug in the outpatient management of refractory hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Effect of subtotal parathyroidectomy on dialysis dementia.

A case of dialysis dementia syndrome is reported which apparently responded to parathyroidectomy. Serial electroencephalograms reflected the changing clinical condition of the patient. Her brain calcium level was elevated which may inplicate secondary hyperparathyroidism as a cause of this neurologic syndrome. Further studies are indicated to elucidate the relationship of this disorder to parathormone excess.

Dementia↗
PubMed1975

Testosterone therapy in hemodialysis patients.

30 patients undergoing regular, three times weekly hemodialysis were treated with large doses of intramuscular testosterone with evaluation of hematopoiesis before and after treatment. A control group of 30 patients not using the drug was evaluated in similar fashion. The presence or absence of native kidneys was the most important factor determining hematocrit level and transfusion requirements in these patients, whether treated with testosterone or not. The mean hematocrit was lower and the transfusion requirements were higher in bilaterally nephrectomized patients. A significant increase in hematocrit occurred in testosterone treated nephric patients, but untreated nephric patients also had a significant rise. Important adverse side effects occurred with testosterone. Anephric patients did not increase hematocrit levels with or without testosterone.

Adult↗
PubMed1972

Effects of catecholamines and adrenergic-blocking agents on plasma and urinary cyclic nucleotides in man.

Studies were performed in healthy volunteers to determine the effects of catecholamines and adrenergic-blocking agents on plasma and urinary levels of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP). Plasma cyclic AMP rose in response to infusions of the beta-adrenergic agent, isoproterenol, or in response to infusions of either epinephrine or norepinephrine alone or in combination with the alpha-adrenergic-blocking agent, phentolamine. Although urinary cyclic AMP also rose, the percentage increase was less than that observed in the plasma. These treatments caused no increase in plasma cyclic GMP. Plasma cyclic GMP rose in response to infusions of alpha-adrenergic agents, viz., epinephrine or norepinephrine infused together with the beta-blocking agent, propranolol. These treatments caused no increase in plasma cyclic AMP. These observations are consistent with the current concept that the actions of beta-adrenergic agents are mediated by increases in cyclic AMP formation in target tissues. Such a mediating role has not been established for cyclic GMP, but the data suggest the possibility that cyclic GMP metabolism is responsive either to alpha-adrenergic stimulation or to parasympathetic stimulation which occurs as a reflexive consequence of the pressor effect of alpha-adrenergic agents.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1970

Effects of parathyroid hormone on plasma and urinary adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in man.

The effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on plasma and urinary adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) levels were studied in normal subjects. Under basal conditions normal adults have plasma concentrations of cyclic AMP ranging from 10 to 25 nmoles/liter and excrete from 1.5 to 5 mumoles of cyclic AMP per g of urinary creatinine. About one-half to two-thirds of the cyclic AMP excreted in the urine is derived from the plasma by glomerular filtration, and the remainder is produced by the kidney. Renal production of cyclic AMP is partly under the control of PTH. It can be suppressed by infusions of calcium and stimulated by infusions of the calcium chelating agent, EDTA. Infusions of PTH in doses up to 10 mU/kg per min were associated with dose-related increases both in urinary cyclic AMP and phosphate. Infusions of PTH in doses ranging from 20 to 80 mU/kg per min did not lead to any further increase in phosphaturia but did lead to further marked increases in urinary cyclic AMP. A modest increase in plasma cyclic AMP was noted when PTH was infused at 40 mU/kg per min. Anephric patients failed to show appreciable increases in plasma cyclic AMP in response to large doses of PTH but did show expected increases in response to glucagon. Surgical removal of parathyroid adenomas from nine patients with primary hyperparathyroidism was invariably followed by a decrease in urinary cyclic AMP, PTH, in large doses, and calcium infusion produced up to 2-fold increases in the other known naturally occurring cyclic nucleotide, guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP).

Adenine Nucleotides↗