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Biomedical subjects

J Guyotat

Publications and source records attributed to J Guyotat.

88 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Is reoperation for recurrence of glioblastoma justified?

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of surgery on the time length and quality of survival in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Two groups were compared; the first included 18 patients who underwent surgery at the time of tumour recurrence. The second group included 36 patients who did not undergo surgery at the time of tumour recurrence. Both groups were matched according to the following criteria: gender, age, Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score, at the time of initial surgery and of tumour recurrence, extent of initial surgery, interval between initial surgery and tumour reccurence. Both groups received conventional treatment after initial surgery. There are no statistically significant differences between the two groups as regards to the previously mentioned criteria. After tumour recurrence, the median survival time was 5 months in the group of patients undergoing a second resection and 2 months in the group of patients not undergoing repeat surgery. The difference was statistically significant on univariate analysis. Moreover, the median length of time spent in an acceptable condition (KPS >/=60) from the time of tumour recurrence was found to be significantly longer in patient who underwent a second resection (4 months) compared with patients who did not undergo repeat surgery (1 month). Even in a relatively favorable subgroup of reoperated patients, the survival benefit although significant was only 3 months. It was impossible to completely match the two groups of patients suggesting that the difference might have been even less. Although symptomatic improvement is modestly achieved by repeat surgery, its transient nature necessitates clear discussion with patient and family on an individual basis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Social context of the access to care in public psychiatry. An intersector study in the Rhône department].

We studied the social status of psychiatric patients (N = 1085) in care for the first time in the public psychiatric department in an area surrounding Lyon. The survey shows some demographic and social factors characterizing this population. We examined also how clinicians take life-events into account during this first access. The findings are discussed by comparison with other works seen in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Seasonal rhythm of melatonin in manic depressive patients].

Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland with a circadian and a circannual rhythm. For some authors the circadian rhythm is modified during depressive states. The present study evaluates the melatonin circannual rhythm in five manic-depressive patients. Each patient is clinically and biologically evaluated every month during one year. The results of the present study show a lack of clinical relapse and a lack of seasonal variation of plasma melatonin level.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Melatonin and schizophrenia].

Many research studies have been conducted with melatonin, a pineal hormone, in psychiatry. Studies with melatonin in schizophrenic patients are rare. Blood plasma samples were drawn at 24 hours and 12 hours in 23 schizophrenic subjects and 26 controls, during the same season. Plasma melatonin levels were obtained using a specific radioimmunoassay technique. The 24 hours levels significant decreased in schizophrenic patients compared with controls (p less than 0.01). Methodology, specificity of results and concomitant study of cortisol levels are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Risk indicators of mental decompensation in elderly subjects. Current results of the Décines-Meyzieu study started in 1978].

A prospective survey of the risk indicators of psychic decompensation in the elderly (over 65) has been going on since 1978 among the old population of two cities in the district of Rhône (France). Every other year 3,000 elderly people of these two cities have had to answer a medico-psycho-social form. The different care and aid structures allow us to gather the psychiatric decompensations and to compare this pathological group to the control group out of the population which has not decompensated. The results show 28 risk indicators which are criticized in this paper.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Life events and breast cancer. Initial results of a comparative study dealing with 100 cases and their control].

The authors present the first results of a case-control study relative to the importance of life events in the 5 years which precede the clinical apparition of breast cancer. This study has examined a group of 100 women of french origin, aged from 45 to 65 years and carriers of a breast cancer which had been diagnosed less than a year ago, as well as their controls matched according to age. If the total number of events is similar in the two groups, there appears a negative peak of social desirability events in the two years preceding the diagnosis of cancer. The quantification of event impact by the subjects shows a greater vulnerability in women with cancer.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Classification of chronic psychoses types I and II and platelet serotonin levels. Apropos of 38 cases].

The authors have examined, within a population of 38 patients, all suffering from chronic psychosis, the concentration of serotonin in the blood platelets as a function of a psychopathologic classification. The 38 patients, 17 men and 21 women, with a mean age of 46 years, diagnosed as schizophrenics (INSERM classification) were categorized according to their specific psychosis (types I and II of J. Guyotat) on examination of their clinical reports by two independent clinicians. This categorization returned 20 psychotics of type I, 16 psychotics of type II and 2 psychotics were difficult to classify. Blood samples were taken from both patients and from 47 controls at 10 o'clock in the morning, two hours after breakfast. The concentration of serotonin in the blood platelets was subsequently examined using the technique of liquid chromatography. The results obtained did not show any significant difference between the chronic psychotics and the control group. The average level of platelet serotonin is 5.09 for psychosis of type I and 3.56 for psychosis of type II, but the value of this difference does not indicate a significant statistical difference; however the tight grouping of serotonin levels in the psychotics of type II looked interesting because they were similar to those of the control in being more homogeneous than those of the psychotics of type I.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Analysis of 94 dexamethasone tests in a population of patients manifesting depressive symptomatology within the framework of a manic-depressive psychosis or other psychotic state].

The authors report a study of 94 dexamethasone-suppression-tests conducted in a group of 29 patients with either a manic-depressive psychosis (n = 14) or a depressive symptomatology associated or not with a chronic psychotic disorder. 1 mg of dexamethasone was given orally at 11 p.m. and plasma cortisol levels were determined the following day at 4 p.m. The same day, a MADS was calculated. These tests were repeated every month for each patient independently of the clinical state. 9 patients received between 4 and 11 tests. A non suppression (cortisol plasma levels greater than or equal to 140 nmol/l) was observed in 27% of the tests. A comparable percentage was obtained in the whole group of patients and in the manic-depressive psychosis group. A good correlation appeared between plasma cortisol level at 4 p.m. and score for MADS. The study of the validity of the test shows a sensibility of 50% and a specificity of 85%. These results are similar with those presented in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Death or absence of the father. Its role in the genesis of psychotic process happening between 15 and 25 years].

A retrospective study of the case records of 215 patients developing an acute or chronic psychotic process between the ages of 15 and 25 years indicated that the father had died or disappeared during childhood in 25% of cases, a figure of 7% being found for a control group - a highly significant statistical difference. By contrast, there was no statistically significant difference in the disappearance of the mother between the two groups. The date of death (or disappearance) of the father occurred at three particular periods - at birth, towards the age of 5 and at 11 or 12 years. The authors' discussion concerns the convergence of the results of this statistical approach of the past history of psychotic patients with certain psychodynamic interpretations of psychosis.

Adolescent↗