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Biomedical subjects

J Grytten

Publications and source records attributed to J Grytten.

49 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Some characteristics of patients given dental treatment under general anesthesia.

The attitude to treatment of dental diseases under general anesthesia has been rather restricted in the dental profession in Scandinavia. Yet, some patients with certain medical conditions and patients haunted by anxiety may not be able to have conventional dental treatment. During the period 1975-1983, 1067 patients were treated in a group practice in Oslo. These patients are described with regard to gender, age, reasons for treatment, place of residence, source of referral, and type of treatment given. Some of the data are related to the year of treatment. The profile of patients changed during the observation period. At the beginning most of the patients came from Oslo and were less than 6 years old, whereas at the end most of the patients were more than 15 years old, lived outside Oslo, and had more conservative than radical treatment. It is concluded that there will probably always be a small group for whom dental treatment under general anesthesia will be necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[CPITN (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs)--what is its use and what does it mean?].

CPITN was originally designed for describing periodontal treatment needs in populations. It has also been used to describe the prevalence of periodontal conditions and as a screening test to identify patients who need complex or simple treatment. The results from the present study show that the index will over-estimate the prevalence of calculus, but will give a correct estimate of bleeding. The index is acceptable as a screening test if "1 or more sextants with CPITN score 4" is chosen as a screening criterion.

Dental Calculus↗
PubMed1989

[Prerequisites for bacterial invasion of the periodontal tissues].

Bacterial invasion of the periodontium has recently been described by several authors. The conditions necessary for this to occur in vivo are being discussed. The anatomical relations of the periodontal pocket are described macroscopically and microscopically as well as the postulated mechanisms for colonization, adhesion and penetration. It is necessary for the microorganisms to colonize and adhere in order to be able to invade tissues. The possibility of establishment of microorganisms in the tissues and the importance of the immune system are also being described. The conclusion is that there is a possibility of bacterial invasion of the periodontal connective tissue. However, the human body with help from the immune system will in most cases be able to neutralize and get rid of these microorganisms.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Changes in hourly rate for dental treatment in the 1980s].

The hourly rate for dental treatment in relation to general price and salary changes in Norway has changed in the period from 1979 to 1988. The results of the present study show that the increase of the hourly rate from 1983 has been less than for the consumer price index, and less than for the index for the average industrial worker's salary. The real price index for dental treatment in 1988 was 87.6. The relationship between the index for the average industrial worker's salary and the nominal price index for dental treatment was 80.5. It is concluded that dental treatment has become cheaper in Norway during the 1980's. The negotiations for dentists' hourly rate cannot be evaluated from these results without taking other factors into consideration.

Fees, Dental↗
PubMed1989

[Family income, demand and use of dental health care among Norwegian adult population 1983-1987].

The aim of this study was to describe changes in demand and utilization of dental services according to family income among adults in Norway from 1983 to 1987. The analysis was performed on two sets of national data, which were representative of the Norwegian population aged 20 years and above. The sample size was 1,289 individuals in 1983 and 1,166 individuals in 1987. The data were analyzed according to a two-part model. The first part determined the probability of whether the consumer had demanded the services or not during the last year. The second part estimated how expenditure depended on income, given some expenditure. Family size, number of teeth present, age, gender and education were entered into the analysis as control variables. For edentulous people, and people with few remaining teeth, there were marked differences in demand and utilization of dental services according to family income both in 1983 and in 1987. During this period, there has been an increase in demand, while utilization has stayed constant. In the population as a whole, the turnover of dental services has increased by the equivalent of 80 "dentists' years work" from 1983 to 1987 due to the increase in demand.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Longitudinal study of dental health behaviors and other caries predictors in early childhood.

This longitudinal study of 231 preschoolchildren from a medium sized Norwegian town had three aims: firstly, to examine the children's early dental behavior, secondly to study the variation of dental health behavior according to mother's education, mother's dental health, and her dental attendance pattern, and thirdly to identify any behavioral or social predictors of dental caries in 36-month-old children. Data were collected at health centers, using precoded questionnaires and examinations, when the children were 6, 18, and 36 months old. Data about the mothers were collected at the maternity ward. At 36 months of age, 80% of the children were caries free. Favorable dental behaviors were related to toothbrushing and use of fluorides. These behaviors were so well established and consistent at all ages that they can be regarded as norms for this community. The most unfavorable and inconsistent behavior was related to sugar consumption. Dental health education could be most usefully applied to this area, where the greatest potential for improvement in behavior exists. A relationship was found between the children's caries experience and the number of missing teeth of the mother, her dental attendance pattern and her level of education. None of the social or behavioral variables tested had a strong enough association with caries experience to justify their use as caries predictors in this age group.

Child Behavior↗
PubMed1988

Effect of a combination of copper and hexetidine on the acidogenicity and copper accumulation in dental plaque in vivo.

A double-blind crossover study on 4 adult volunteers was performed to evaluate the effect of hexetidine on Cu2+ accumulation in dental plaque as well as a possible enhanced effect of copper on inhibition of acid production in the presence of hexetidine. The experimental period was 5 days. No oral hygiene was allowed, and sucrose-containing chewing gum was used to enhance plaque formation during the test period. In order to evaluate the effect on pH, the test persons rinsed with a 15% glucose (w/v) solution on the 5th experimental day. Plaque pH values recorded before and 5 min after the rinse served as control values. One hour later the test persons rinsed with 10 ml of the test solutions for 1 min. Glucose rinses with pH measurements 5 min after the rinse were carried out 0, 3, and 7 h after the test agents were used. The combination of 1.0 mM copper and 2.0 mM hexetidine gave a significant (p less than 0.05) inhibition of acid production at all times compared both to the controls and to each of the test agents separately. Plaque samples were collected with a toothpick immediately before a 1-min rinse with 10 ml of the test solutions. Subsequent plaque samples were taken 5 min and 3 and 8 h after a rinse from corresponding tooth surfaces. Dry weight was estimated, the plaque bacteria digested by HNO3, and the amount of Cu2+ determined by atomic absorption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acids↗
PubMed1988

Synergistic antibacterial effects of copper and hexetidine against Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus sanguis.

The aim of this study was to determine whether a combination of copper and hexetidine had a synergistic antibacterial effect against Streptococcus sobrinus OMZ 176 and S. sanguis 10556. Concentration ranges of the test agents alone and in combination were prepared by serial dilutions in microtiter trays with brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth as the bacterial growth medium. After incubation at 37 degrees C for 24 h, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), corresponding to the lowest concentration showing no visible growth, was determined. Evaluated by the fractional inhibitory concentration index, a strong synergistic effect ranging from 0.39 to 0.40 was observed. A similar effect was also demonstrated by growth curves, which were constructed on the basis of growth in BHI broth with addition of MIC/4 of each agent alone or MIC/8 of each agent in combination. A probable explanation for these findings is that the surface-active hexetidine molecule alters the bacterial cell surfaces and thereby enables an increased amount of copper to be transported into the cell.

Copper↗
PubMed1987

The effect of a combination of copper and hexetidine on plaque formation and the amount of copper retained by dental plaque bacteria.

Zn++ in combination with hexetidine exerts a synergistic plaque inhibition. Studies in our laboratory on the mechanism of this effect suggested that Cu++ and hexetidine may have a similar combination effect. This hypothesis was tested in vivo on a human test panel in a double-blind crossover study. The amount of Cu++ retained by plaque bacteria in vitro was also evaluated. Seven volunteers rinsed with the solutions for 1 min twice daily for 5 days. The test solutions were H2O, 1.0 mM CuSO4, 2.0 mM hexetidine, and the last two in combination. During the test period no oral hygiene was allowed, and sucrose-containing chewing gum was used to enhance plaque formation. The plaque index scores after rinsing with the combination were significantly (p less than 0.05) lower than those of the other solutions. The effect of hexetidine on Cu++ retention in plaque bacteria was evaluated in plaque samples (n = 3) grown anaerobically overnight in PPLO medium. The bacteria were washed five times, digested in concentrated HNO3, and Cu++ determined by atomic absorption. The presence of hexetidine resulted in a significantly greater amount of Cu++ retained by bacteria at all CuSO4 concentrations. It is suggested that the nonpolar nature of the hexetidine molecule enables Cu++ bound to hexetidine to pass into the bacterial cell. Within the cell, Cu++ can interfere with bacterial metabolism, giving a reduction in plaque growth.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Subsidized dental care for young men: its impact on utilization and dental health.

An important part of Norwegian welfare policy is provision of free dental care for children up to the age of 18. After that age some counties have introduced a public subsidy scheme for young people aged 19-20 years, where 75% of their dental care expenses are covered. After the age of 21, all patients have to pay the costs for dental care themselves. The focus of the present work was to examine the effect that the public subsidy scheme for young adults had on demand for dental care, and its effect on dental health. The analyses were performed on 2 extensive sets of survey data. The major finding was that the public subsidy scheme had no effect on demand for dental care. In addition, there was no relationship between whether these young adults were covered by the subsidy scheme and dental health.

Adolescent↗