Attempts to produce rheumatic fever and in vitro leukocytic hypersensitivity with group A streptococci.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
J Gruber
Publications and source records attributed to J Gruber.
The impact of the tax system on health insurance coverage.
A central question in health economics is the extent to which this tax subsidization matters for the health insurance coverage of the U.S. population. I assess the impact of taxes on health insurance by using the considerable existing variation in tax subsidies, both at a point in time and across time. I do so by putting together data from more than a decade of Current Population Survey (CPS) data sets, and matching to workers in those data sets their tax subsidies to health insurance coverage. I find that the elasticity of insurance eligibility of workers is at least -0.6, and that the elasticity of own insurance coverage is roughly similar; the results imply that most of the impact of taxes on insurance coverage arise through firm offering and eligibility decisions. I also find that higher tax rates induce more private coverage through other sources, but less public coverage, so that overall there is a reduction in the rate of uninsurance that is comparable to the change in own employer-provided insurance coverage.
Adult↗
[Neurohistological studies in allogeneic cruciate ligament transplants as intra-articular ligament replacement].
A multiplicity of surgical operations have been developed in an attempt to achieve satisfactory function after ACL repair. None of these procedures have been able to duplicate the fiber organization, attachment site anatomy, vascularity, or function of the ACL. 18 foxhounds received a deep frozen bone-ACL-bone allograft and a ligament augmentation device (LAD). Neurohistological changes were evaluated 3, 6, and 12 months following implantation. Modified silver impregnation method and gold chloride technique were used to examine the presence of nerve endings and axons. Two morphological distinct mechanoreceptors were identified, and then were categorized as follows: free nerve-endings golgi-like tendon receptors. Fine nerve endings were frequently ramified freely into ligament collagen bundles. Nerves and blood vessels were commonly associated. Like in normal ACL's both neuroreceptors were mostly located near the surface of the allografts and at both bony attachments. This study demonstrated the first histological evidence of viable mechanoreceptors and free nerve-endings in transplanted ACL-allografts, not previously reported in other ACL-substitutes using for ACL-reconstruction. Particularly important for post-op. rehabilitation, this technique may allow to reconstruct the proprioreceptive functions of normal anterior cruciate ligaments.
Animals↗
[Homologous cruciate ligament transplantation as intra-articular ligament replacement].
A multiplicity of surgical operations have been developed in an attempt to achieve satisfactory function after ACL repair. None of these procedures have been able to duplicate the fiber organization, attachment site anatomy, vascularity, or function of the ACL. 29 foxhounds received a deep frozen bone-ACL-bone allograft and a ligament augmentation device (LAD). Biomechanical, microvascular, and histological changes were evaluated 3, 6 and 12 months following implantation. The maximum load of the allograft/LADs were 34.3% (387.2 N) after 3 months, 49.3% (556.6 N) after 6 months and 61.1% (689.8 N) after a year. The maximal load was 69.1% (780 N). In general, after 6 months the allografts showed a normal collagen orientation. The allografts demonstrated no evidence of infection or immune reaction. No bone ingrowth into the LAD was observed. Polarized light microscopy and PAS-staining showed that the new bone/ligament substance interface had intact fiber orientation at the area of ligament insertion. Microvascular examination using Spalteholtz-technique revealed neovascularization and the importance of infrapatellar fat pad for the nourishment of the ACL-allografts.
Animals↗
Medicaid and private insurance: evidence and implications.
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Adolescent↗
Tax subsidies for health insurance: costs and benefits.
The continued rise in the uninsured population has lead to considerable interest in tax-based policies to raise the level of insurance coverage. Using a detailed microsimulation model for evaluating these policies, we find that while tax subsidies could significantly increase insurance coverage, even very generous tax policies could not cover more than a sizable minority of the uninsured population. For example, a generous refundable credit that costs $13 billion per year would reduce the ranks of the uninsured by only four million persons. We also find that the efficiency of tax policies, in terms of the cost per newly insured, inevitably would fall as more of the uninsured were covered.
Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
[Role of radiology in forensic dentistry].
There are various methods for the identification of human remains; most of them are based on comparisons between available ante- and post-mortem data. Although fingerprinting is the most accurate and precise method, in many cases, such as in mutilated, decomposed, burned or fragmented bodies, it cannot be used, and the dental methods become of the utmost importance, since teeth and dental restorations are very resistant to destruction by fire--they keep numerous characteristics, which are quite unique, and offer the possibility of accurate and legally acceptable identification of remains. This brief review describes the progress of forensic dentistry during the last 25 years, regarding the procedures and techniques that use ante-mortem and post-mortem radiographs. Among the discussed progresses one can point out: a specially designed self-supporting film holder that retains intra-oral films in the mouths of deceased persons whose mandibular musculature has been fixed in rigor mortis; positioning devices suitable for reproducing the geometry of ante-mortem radiographic images; methods involving digital radiographs, which can be easily stored in a central archive, retrieved and transmitted, via modem, to mass casualty sites; age estimation procedures; identification of edentulous individuals comparing radiographs of the maxilla; and studies of validation of dental radiographs taken with ante-mortem and post-mortem intervals of up to 30 years.
Age Determination by Teeth↗
Assessment of flexibility in young female skaters with the modified Marshall Test.
A cross-sectional study was performed on 62 female precision ice skaters to determine whether a modified Marshall Test is a reliable measure of constitutional flexibility in young female athletes. These skaters were from the Colonial Precision Skating Club of Acton, Massachusetts. Chronologic age ranged from 7 to 18 years with an average of 12.5 years (SD, 2.6 years). All skaters were assigned a modified Marshall Test score (Micheli's 5-point score) for both left and right thumbs. This score was then compared with their hamstring-flexibility measure (left and right) and the external and internal rotation (ER and IR, respectively) of their shoulders. Positive linear relationships were found between Micheli's 5-point score (MS) on the right side and both left and right hamstring and shoulder flexibility. However, the left-side MS was positively correlated only with the left hamstring and left shoulder flexibility. We conclude that the modified Marshall test is a reliable predictor of upper and lower extremity flexibility in female adolescent athletes.
Adolescent↗
[The mirror stage ("Stade du Miroir" by J. Lacan) as a crucial stage of development for finding one's identity - normal, neurotic, psychotic development].
The socalled "Mirror Stage" ("Stade du Miroir" by J. Lacan) seems to be a normal stage of development between the sixth and the eighteenth month of age. In the centre of this study you find terms of developmental psychology and especially of psychoanalysis like: 'mother-child relationship', 'first relationship to objects', 'passage from primary to secondary narcism', 'ego-ideal' and 'ideal of the ego' and others. The Mirror Stage seems to be especially important for the formation of the identity: wether the child becomes 'normal', 'neurotic' or 'psychotic'. Here we also find terms, invented by Lacan like the 'Real', the 'Imaginary' and the 'Symbolic'.
Body Image↗
[The problem of structure and psychotherapy of neuroses and psychoses from Lacan's and Mannoni's viewpoints].
The author tries to give you some idea of Lacan's and Mannoni's concept of neurosis and psychosis in a very short form. The French structuralistic school, whose pupils the psychiatrist Lacan and the psychoanalyst Mannoni are, approaches the problem of psychosis by analysing the structure of the language. Mannoni, uses this sometimes very difficult system of terms successfully in the psychotherapy of severely disturbed children (with autistic, psychotic symptoms).
Adult↗
Altered immunoendocrine dialogue in autoimmune disease.
Autoimmune diseases have a multifactorial pathogenesis including essential genetic and nonessential modulatory factors. Among the essential factors, not only should genes coding for an abnormal reactivity of the immune system be considered, but we have, in addition, provided experimental evidence for the existence of genes responsible for a susceptibility of the target organ/structure for the autoimmune attack. Only when both sets of essential genes are present does an autoimmune disease develop at all. The modulatory factors then determine the final outcome in each case. The present contribution discusses the immunomodulating role of glucocorticoid and sex steroids focussing on the Obese Strain (OS) of chickens, a model for Hashimoto thyroiditis.
Animals↗