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Biomedical subjects

J Groth

Publications and source records attributed to J Groth.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[incidence of cytomegalovirus infections following transplantation of kidneys from seropositive and seronegative donors].

Serum samples of 110 recipients of kidney transplants and the 100 donors belonging to them taken before the transplantation were examined for complement-binding antibodies against cytomegaloviruses. A clear influence of the cytomegalovirus antibody state of donor and recipient on the cytomegalovirus infection appearing after transplantation, serologically ascertained by cytomegalovirus-IgM-antibody proof or seroconversion and fourfold increase of the titre in the complement-binding reaction, respectively, could be made evident. Cytomegalovirus negative recipients of kidneys of cytomegalovirus positive donors had significantly more infections than seronegative recipients of kidneys of seronegative donors (50% vs. 16%, p less than 0.05). According to the infection rate the seropositive recipients stand with about 30% between these two groups. It seems that in these recipients the serological state of the donors has no influence. These findings make evident that seronegative recipients receive the cytomegaloviruses essentially with the transplant, whereas the cytomegalovirus infections in seropositive recipients are endogenous cytomegalovirus reactivations caused by therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Development of Met-enkephalin immunoreactivity in organotypic explants of fetal mouse spinal cord and attached dorsal root ganglia.

Radioimmunoassays of methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk) in organotypic cultures of 13-day fetal mouse spinal cord explants with attached dorsal root ganglia (DRG) demonstrate a progressive development of immunoreactivity (IR) during 5 weeks in vitro. Met-Enk IR in these cultures increased to levels observed in adult rodent spinal cord. most of the Met-Enk IR assays were made on cord explants excised from cord-DRG cultures. In smaller numbers of assays performed on entire DRG-cord cultures or on cord cultured in the absence of DRGs, similar levels of Met-Enk IR were obtained. Thus most of the Met-Enk IR appeared to be located within the cord tissue. No Met-Enk IR was detected in DRGs cultured in the absence of cord. In contrast, low levels of Met-Enk IR were present in about 50% of the assays of DRGs cultured attached to the cord. Since these assays included the neuritic outgrowths of the cultures, our data do not preclude possible contamination by Met-Enk immunoreactive cord neurites that may have aberrantly projected into the outgrowth zones. Nevertheless, the data raise the possibility of a trophic influence of cord tissue on the development of Met-Enk IR in DRG neurons. The development of Met-Enk IR in cord regions of cord-DRG explants extends previous binding assays demonstrating development of opiate receptors in these cultures and provides further support to electrophysiological analyses suggesting tonic opioid inhibitory networks in these explants.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

C-reactive protein and clinical kidney transplantation.

50 patients were serially monitored for C-reactive protein (CRP) in serum after kidney transplantation. Compared with a control group the post-operative peak at days 1 and 3 was strongly depressed in the immunosuppressive-treated transplant group (p less than 0.01). In 29 out of 30 patients CRP concentration showed an average rise from 9.4 to 30.0 micrograms/ml between the 5th and 2nd day before onset of the rejection episodes (p less than 0.01). The dynamics of CRP concentration before, during and after prednisolone anti-rejection bolus therapy was considered in 22 cases. The first bolus led to a greater or smaller decrease in CRP concentration in almost all patients. After the second bolus treatment CRP dropped to zero already in more than half of the patients with reversible rejection episodes (p less than 0.01). In case of irreversible rejection crises CRP never reached zero.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Humoral immune response, concentration of selected serum proteins and transplant histology following allogeneic kidney transplantation in the rat].

After transplantation of (BD IX X Sprague-Dawley) F 1 kidneys into untreated BD IX rats (n = 29) the first signs of rejection occured on day 4. Mononuclear cells infiltrated the peritubular interstitium and/or the perivascular areas. The rise of blood urea on day 8 was histologically accompanied by injured tubules and spotted or confluent subcapsular necroses which showed extensive calcifications by day 10. At the same time donorspecific lymphocytotoxic antibodies were detected in peripheral blood. The graft survival in this strain combination ranged from 11 to 16 days. The serum levels of IgG, albumin and transferrin were reduced by 16%, 25% and 21% resp. in the 1st posttransplant week. In contrast, the serum level of alpha 2-macroglobulin rose on the 2nd postoperative day to an average of 800% above the mean. In connection with rejections only the alpha 2-macroglobulin showed changes of the serum level.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Fc IgG carrying T lymphocytes in healthy adults and patients following kidney transplantation].

In 28 healthy adults aged 19 to 52 years, normal values of the TG lymphocytes amount to 17.8 +/- 2.3% and 253.1 +/- 96.1 per microliters respectively and the non TG/TG ratio to 4.72 +/- 0.82. When compared with normal controls, patients on dialysis had a disturbed non TG/TG ratio (4.72 +/- 0.82 vs. 6.00 +/- 1.94, p less than 0.05). During the first posttransplant month the total TG cell count was significantly reduced, but the relative TG cell count did not significantly differ from the normal as well as praeoperative TG cell count. In connection with rejection crises we could not observe any changes in the TG subset. Beside this general dynamics we observed two different kinds of changes of the non TG/TG ratio in the individual posttransplant course. Either the non TG/TG ratio were lower than praetransplant or higher. In 9 out of 9 cases the lowering of the non TG/TG ratio (that means a relative or absolute increase of Fc-IgG receptor bearing T cells) were connected with a good graft function. In 4 out of 6 cases a postoperative increase of the non TG/TG ratio were connected with an early graft failure. A change of T subsets for the benefit of TG cells which includes suppressor cells seems to be favourable with regard to the graft survival. Therefore, we think the determination of the prae- and posttransplant non TG/TG ratio is of some prognostic value.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Effect of plasmapheresis treatment on immunoglobulin and immune complex levels in patients following kidney transplantation].

Five patients who received cadaver kidneys between May 1982 and January 1983 in the Kidney Transplant Centre in Berlin were subjected to two plasmapheresis (= pph.) treatments in addition to basic immunosuppression with Prednisolone and Azathioprine. The decision to use pph. was due to the presence of donor-specific, complement-dependent lymphocytotoxic antibodies (51Cr release test) in the recipient's serum taken immediately before transplantation. The 1st pph. was carried out on the 1st or 2nd day after operation and the 2nd pph. between the 2nd and 4th day. The quantity of plasma exchanged was between 1.6 and 3.1 1 per pph. Four of the five transplants commenced functioning after 12 to 47 days, and one transplant had to be removed. Frequent measurement of the immunoglobulin and immune-complex levels in the serum revealed drastic reduction due to pph. The concentration of immunoglobulin (G, A, M) was reduced by 42-55% after the 1st pph. and by 20-35% after the 2nd. Whereas the IgM level was normalized after a few days, the levels of IgG and IgA only rose again 2-4 weeks later. The immunodeficiency induced by means of pph. and immunosuppression is accompanied by an increased risk of infection. It is therefore considered important that an adequate anti-infectious treatment including i. v. human gammaglobulin be administered parallel to pph. The final evaluation of the efficacy of pph. in protecting transplants will depend on further studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Anti-Thomsen-Friedenreich (anti-T) antibody titer in kidney transplant recipients].

In 43 recipients of allogenic cadaver kidneys before and three times a week after transplantation to the discharge from the hospital care the antibody titre against the Thomsen-Friedenreich-antigen (Anti-T) was determined and the score value was calculated from the agglutination intensity. A prognostic significance of the value got before operation could not be found. No changes of the titre appeared under the influence of the postoperatively performed immunosuppression as well as in connection with rejection crises. In 9 patients with clinically manifest systemic infections (8 cytomegalovirus infections, 1 bacterial infection) unequivocal (greater than or equal to 8 fold) increases of the anti-T-titre could be proved. These findings speak for an infection-induced formation of these cross-reacting anti-T-antibodies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Primary cytomegalovirus infection as a risk factor following kidney transplantation].

Of 201 patients who received cadaver kidneys in the kidney transplant centre in Berlin between June 1978 and December 1981 114 (56.7%) already had complement-binding antibodies against cytomegaloviruses (CMV) before transplantation, 87 (43.3% were seronegative. After transplantation a recurring CMV infection was detected in 36/114 patients and a primary CMV infection in 27/87 patients (31.6% and 31.0% respectively). At dismissal from ward care these patients already had a significantly higher rate of transplant failure than those free of CMV infection. This negative effect of the infection was reinforced by the additional administration of a Prednisolone bolus for the treatment of the rejection crisis associated with CMV. At the same time immunological protection was further suppressed. Thus, in comparison with patients with primary CMV infection not treated with Prednisolone bolus, those with primary CMV infection and parallel treatment with a Prednisolone bolus had a higher rate of T-lymphocytopenia and a significantly delayed humoral immune response to CMV. Together with the usually present leukocytopenia, these findings explain the especially high risk of potentially fatal superinfections in this period. Diagnosis of CMV infection on the basis of clinical symptoms and haematological changes must be speedy. A therapy which is effective with regard to life (although symptomatic) comprises the temporary reduction of the azathioprine dose, the administration of antibiotics and the infusion of human gamma-globulin. It might be possible to avoid primary CMV infection, which presents a particularly great risk, by vaccination of the potential transplant recipient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Passive enhancement of allogeneic rat kidney transplants with antibodies against nylon-adhering splenic lymphocytes].

Male BD IX rats were intraperitoneally immunized with 6.35 X 10(6) nylon adherent spleen lymphocytes from male Sprague-Dawley rats (SD). The inbred strains used are different from each other at their major histocompatibility complex. Sensitized animals were exsanguinated 2, 4, 8 and 12 days after the primary injection. After the secondary injection on day 14 the animals were exsanguinated on day 21. The BD IX recipients of (BD IX X SD) F1 renal allograft were intravenously injected with 1 ml of the antisera immediately after completion of the transplant. Significant prolongation of survival time was already obtained with the 8-day-serum pool. The absorption of antiserum with packed SD red blood cells did not affect its enhancing activity. In vitro testing of antisera by 51Cr-release assay showed the highest titer of complement depending cytotoxicity 8 days after immunization. Whilst the cytotoxic activity against nonadherent spleen cells was completely lost after twice absorption with SD erythrocytes, the cytotoxic activity against adherent spleen cells was only slightly reduced. Thus it is likely that enhancing activity of alloantiserum is attributed to anti-Ia or anti-B-cell antibodies. These antibodies were detectable 4 to 8 days after immunization with low dose nylon adherent spleen cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Circulating immune complexes after cadaver kidney transplantation.

351 sera from 27 human recipients of renal allografts and 21 healthy blood donors were assayed for circulating immune complexes by the Clq solid-phase radioimmune assay. Increased Clq-binding activity (Clq-BA) was detected in pretransplant sera from 5 patients with chronic pyelonephritis (PN) and 3 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (GN). A significant decrease of Clq-BA immediately after transplantation could not be found. 6 weeks after transplantation only 2 patients of the PN group showed increased Clq-BA. Serial studies in 17 patients with rejection crises did not show any correlation between the level of serum Clq-BA and the occurrence of rejections. Furthermore, no correlation could be found between the occurrence of complement-dependent lymphocytotoxic antibodies measured by the 51Cr release technique and the level of serum Clq-BA. In contrast, our results show that the probability of graftectomy or graft failure is significantly higher, at least in the early phase after transplantation, when the serum Clq-BA is lowered for several weeks.

Antibodies↗