Dual-chamber pacing and pacemakers.
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Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
Biomedical subjects
J Gross
Publications and source records attributed to J Gross.
Evidence of the selective alteration of anthracycline activity due to modulation by ICRF-187 (ADR-529).
Anthracyclines are powerful anticancer drugs whose use is limited by the development of chronic cardiotoxicity. The bisdioxopiperazine compound ICRF-187 (ADR-529) specifically abrogates this toxicity both in preclinical animal models and in humans. It does this without effecting either the acute toxicities or the anticancer activity. Therefore, with a specific antagonist, the mechanism of activity of the anthracyclines can be explored. This review discusses recent clinical trials and animal models addressing this issue and concludes by hypothesizing a mechanism of action.
Animals↗
Esophageal carcinoma in Indian Jews of southern Israel. An epidemiologic study.
The incidence of esophageal cancer varies in different populations and localities. The varied composition of the immigrant population of southern Israel afforded us an opportunity to investigate the frequency of the disease. The results of a retrospective study (1961-1985) revealed a high mean age-adjusted incidence rate (per 10(5)) in immigrant Indian men (6.5 +/- 2.17) and Indian women (17.2 +/- 5.12). Rates in all non-Indian immigrants were significantly lower: men 2.7 +/- 1.19, women 2.1 +/- 0.24. The relative risk of developing the disease was significantly higher in Indians. The age at diagnosis was lower in Indian women (54.6 +/- 10.4 years) than Indian men and other immigrants (p less than 0.05). The clinical features were similar in all cases. The risk factors in Indian men were not apparent; in women, the indiscrete use of spices might have raised the rate of esophageal cancer. The disease is more frequent in Indian populations in several parts of the world, and vigilance is required on the part of physicians.
Adult↗
Mean organ weights of an Australian population of fetuses and infants.
Charts of organ weights for an Australian population of fetuses and infants are presented. The organ-weight charts were compiled from 1337 stillbirths and liveborn babies whose gestational age ranged from 20 to 43 weeks, and who lived less than 72 h. Macerated stillbirths, multiple births and malformed organs were excluded. Pathological conditions aside from malformations were not excluded, leading to higher standard deviations compared with currently used charts. The organ weights are presented in two-week increments from 20 to 43 weeks' gestation as means, with standard deviations.
Australia↗
Clinical predictors and natural history of atrial fibrillation in patients with DDD pacemakers.
Effective DDD pacing requires that patients remain free of atrial fibrillation (AF). Four hundred eighty-nine consecutive patients undergoing initial transvenous DDD implants were reviewed to determine the incidence of postimplant AF in this population and to assess what factors, known at implant, predicted the later development of AF. The variables analyzed included age, sex, indication for implant (dominant SA or AV node disease), history of AF, atrial electrogram characteristics and pacing threshold, and the status of retrograde conduction. Forty-eight patients (9.8%) developed AF a mean of 23 months postimplant, and 11 of these patients returned to sinus rhythm and were managed once again in DDD for significant periods. A prior history of AF and the presence of dominant sinoatrial disease were far more prevalent in the patients who developed AF (P less than 0.001) though the vast majority of patients with these two independent risk factors remained in sinus rhythm through much or all of their follow-up period. We conclude that the incidence of AF is not of a magnitude to preclude DDD pacing in the vast majority of patients in sinus rhythm at implant.
Aged↗
A comparison of drug use and adjustment in urban adolescent children of substance abusers.
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Adolescent↗
An animal model of perinatal hypoxic brain damage: behavioural aspects.
Long-lasting alterations of spontaneous motor as well as learning behaviour of rats after an early postnatal mild chronic hypoxia were examined. The exposure to hypoxia was 10 h daily from the 2nd to the 6th day of life. In adulthood these rats were hyperactive and learned the active avoidance response later than the controls. The rough indices of brain development air righting response and swimming posture did not show any retardation shortly after hypoxia. Hypoxia exposed rats learned in the T-maze more rapidly than the controls.
Animals↗
[Enzyme immunoassays for the quantification of human gamma-gamma-enolase (NSE)].
A direct two-site binding assay on the basis of antibodies from sheep for the quantification of human gamma-gamma enolase is described. The antibody was produced by immunization with human NSE coupled to horse spleen ferritin. The assay shows two feature: a decreased reactivity with NSE from rat and NSE from human serum in spite of 100% recovery of purified human brain NSE. The sheep antibody seems to react with epitopes less accessible on the rat NSE and on the NSE of human serum. The assay is characterized by gamma-gamma enolase specificity, a high sensitivity (2 pg) and a precision of CV = 3-7%.
Animals↗
[Are free oxygen radicals involved in the formation of changes caused by hypoxia in the neurotransmission of dopamine in the striatum of rats?].
The effects of the oxygen radical generating system hypoxanthine (HX)/xanthine oxidase (XO) on the [3 H]--dopamine uptake, the TBARS- and thiol content in striatal synaptosomes of adult rats were examined. Preincubation of synaptosomes with 20 mU XO/0.25 mM HX diminished the dopamine uptake and oxidized thiol groups of synaptosomes. Under these conditions no increase of TBARS, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, was observed. We concluded that in the used hypoxia model free radical mediated damage does not occur.
Animals↗
[Therapeutic tooth replantation-cell biology basis and its clinical relevance].
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Cells, Cultured↗
[Comparative material testing of dental impression and articulation plasters according to German Industrial Standard DIN 13911].
The purpose of the present investigation was a comparison of three special articulation plasters and three impression plasters. As DIN 13911 does not refer to articulation plasters, the inspection as well as the testing of pouring time, setting time, setting expansion and compressive strength using standard and manufacturer's consistence as carried out conforming to the guidelines for impression plasters. None of the tested plasters could meet the requirements of inspection in all points. Considering the physical parameters all plasters are up to standard, while Alpa quickstone and Arti-Plaster exhibited very low expansion and high compressive strength values. Although the compressive strength standard needs redefining, the value of a standardized testing technique for dental plasters is evident.
Calcium Sulfate↗
Development of enolase isoenzymes in various regions of the human brain.
Various brain regions from 4 fetuses (21st to 28th gestational week) and from a 3-month-old infant were investigated for the total enolase activity and their isoenzyme distribution. In the brain tissue from a 3-month-old infant, the activity of the so-called neuron-specific enolase amounted to about 50% of the total enolase activity. In various brain regions different developmental patterns emerged for nonneuronal (NNE) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). By the 21st gestational week the medulla, pons and thalamus had already reached a relatively high NSE activity (about 60-90% of that of the 3-month values), whereas the cortex regions had 10-30% only. It is concluded that in phylogenetically old regions, the switch from NNE to NSE-subunits appears before the 21st gestational week, in the phylogenetically young regions between the 21st and 28th gestational week.
Brain↗
Evaluation of indicators of erythropoiesis stimulated by recombinant human erythropoietin in renal anemia.
Recombinant human erythropoietin (rh-EPO) was administered to 11 anemic children with end-stage renal disease who were undergoing hemodialysis. Hematocrit (Hct), absolute reticulocyte count (retics), creatine concentration of red cells and erythrocyte density test (EDT) were chosen as indicators of rh-EPO effect on erythropoiesis. In the present report the first 9 weeks shall be presented in which all patients received an identical dosage of rh-EPO per kg body weight. The pre-EPO values of retics, creatine and EDT varied considerably. In 10 patients the Hct increased to 0.30 after 9 weeks of rh-EPO treatment. Retics and creatine rose in all cases above the normal range, rates of increase and maximal values differed. Retics, creatine and EDT respond faster to rh-EPO than Hct. Retics and creatine seem to be equally good indicators of rh-EPO stimulated erythropoiesis. The EDT showed an increase only up to the 4th week.
Adolescent↗
[Quantitative determinations of Hp, Pi, Tf and GC in stored blood stains].
Quantitative analysis of serum proteins in blood stains by rocket immunoelectrophoresis showed the following results: Long elution times in processing blood stains do not produce a significantly higher yield of serum proteins in stains, and they increase the risk of structural alteration of protein molecules. The amount of proteins detected decreases with increasing age of blood stains. Some proteins are already altered in stains after a short storage time and are no longer useful for phenotyping. Our results confirm that blood stain material should be processed as soon as possible.
Blood Grouping and Crossmatching↗
Nicotine replacement: ten-week effects on tobacco withdrawal symptoms.
This study examined the long-term effects of nicotine replacement on tobacco withdrawal symptoms. Smokers (N = 40 community volunteers) maintained biologically validated smoking abstinence under closely monitored conditions while chewing 2 mg nicotine gum (Nicorette; average of 6.9 pieces per day) or placebo gum during the first 10 weeks following smoking cessation. During the first postcessation week symptoms of irritability, anxiety, impatience, restlessness, excessive hunger, difficulty concentrating, drowsiness, sleep disturbance and tobacco craving intensity were significantly lower in active as compared with placebo nicotine gum subjects. Symptoms of psychological distress including irritability, anxiety and impatience declined over time in placebo subjects and were suppressed by replacement therapy below placebo treatment levels only during the first 4-5 weeks after smoking cessation. On other items, most notably increased appetite and excessive eating, stable between-group differences persisted over the entire 10-week trial. The data suggest that use of active gum beyond the first 5 weeks post-cessation may be inconsequential as far as suppression of certain key symptoms of psychological disturbance is concerned, but more prolonged use of active gum would be advisable if the long-term nicotine replacement effects observed (e.g. decreased hunger) are relevant to smoking relapse prevention.
Adolescent↗
DNA probes bind non-specifically to eosinophils during in situ hybridization: carbol chromotrope blocks binding to eosinophils but does not inhibit hybridization to specific nucleotide sequences.
Eosinophils were found to bind radiolabelled DNA probes non-specifically during in situ hybridization. Pretreatment of cells with carbol chromotrope blocked non-specific binding without interfering with the recognition of specific nucleotide sequences.
DNA Probes↗
Improved knowledge of diabetic patients through education of primary care staff.
A sample of 142 diabetic patients was interviewed twice, in 1984 and 1986, following an educational program administered to primary care staff. Positive changes were recorded regarding several aspects. (a) Process of care - the percentage of untreated patients decreased from 15% to 4%; the proportion of patients on diet only increased from 36% to 41%, while the insulin-treated proportion decreased from 12% to 8%; the percentage of patients treated with oral drugs went up from 36% to 46%. (b) Patient knowledge - an improvement in various aspects, such as diet and exercise. (c) Patient behavior - an improvement in adherence to diet and in compliance with medications.
Adult↗
Emotional expression in cancer onset and progression.
Despite the intensive biomedical research in oncology since World War II, recent studies show a steady increase in age-adjusted mortality for all kinds of cancer. This findings gives impetus to the efforts of researchers who have adopted the biopsychosocial model. Systematic research using such a model has shown several psychosocial factors to be associated with cancer onset and progression, and Temoshok has recently suggested a theoretical model which unifies these findings. In this paper, I consider the evidence that one of these psychosocial factors, emotional expression, may be directly involved in cancer onset and progression. I review 18 relevant studies, discuss how one might operationalize the term 'emotional expression', and make 12 suggestions for future research.
Adaptation, Psychological↗