Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J Gray.
A factor analysis of a brief group psychology prediction scale administered to 200 adolescent delinquents revealed two factors: One described the "ingratiating" delinquent, a good therapy candidate, which accounted for 51% of the variance. The second factor, the first time offender, also a good therapy candidate, accounted for 8% of the variance.
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A flow system that sterilely deposits a known number of cells into a collection vessel has been constructed and evaluated. In this device, the cells from a single-cell suspension flow through a nozzle that constrains them to the center of the emerging jet. The cells in the jet are illuminated by a 0.5-mW helium-neon laser; they are detected, sized and counted on the basis of the light scattered as they pass through the laser beam. The device has been used for plating efficiency tests in a tissue culture laboratory. We found that it saved considerable labor by eliminating the dilution step from the standard plating efficiency procedure. The biologic effect of machine plating was determined by comparing plating efficiencies of KHT, CHO-T5, and CHO-AA8 cells established by hand plating with those established by machine plating. Results indicate that machine plating reduces the plating efficiency of the CHO-T5 cells while the plating efficiencies of the CHO-AA8 and KHT cells are unaffected.
In a follow-up study, women sterilised by tubal diathermy were compared with a matched group of wives of vasectomised men. Semi-structured interviews were given to a random sample drawn from a representative population. The couples were young with small families and did not have a high proportion of unplanned pregnancies or terminations. They had previously used contraception, mainly the pill or sheath. Most couples were entirely satisfied with the operation. Both groups showed an increase in pre-menstrual symptoms but there was only slight evidence that menstrual loss was affected by female sterilisation. The vasectomy couples had a higher frequency of sexual intercourse, few sexual problems and tended to have more satisfactory marriages. They had had more discussion of their decision to have the operation and the implications of counselling are considered.
The fetotoxic potential of endrin in the CD rat and CD-1 mouse was investigated. Endrin was administered as a solution in corn oil to groups of pregnant animals by gastric intubation at multiple dose levels throughout the period of organogenesis. The dams were sacrificed prior to term and the fetuses were examined for skeletal and visceral anomalies. In addition, maternal livers and fetuses from rats in each dose level were analyzed for endrin content. In the mouse, endrin caused maternal liver enlargement at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day and reduced maternal weight gain at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg/day. Fetal weight and skeletal and visceral maturity were adversely affected at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg/day, but no teratogenic effect or embryo lethality was evident even at a dose level that produced maternal lethality (1.5 mg/kg/day). In the rat, endrin markedly reduced maternal weight at doses above 0.150 mg/kg/day but produced no apparent effects on the fetus. The data suggest that species differences in sensitivity to endrin may in part be due to differences in metabolism. Although endrin levels in rat fetuses at a maximally tolerated dosage level resembled those previously reported for the hamster, relatively less 12-ketoendrin was present, paralleling the change in fetal sensitivity.
The relationship of valine resistance to the expression of the ilvGEDA operon of Escherichia coli K-12 has been determined. DNA sequence and in vivo protein analyses indicate that in wild-type E. coli K-12 there is a frameshift site within the gene (ilvG) for valine resistance. The ilvG+2096 (formerly designated ilv02096) mutation displaces this frameshift site, resulting in the expression of ilvG and the relief of transcriptional polarity on the distal genes of this operon. Thus, the "ilv0" mutation, which concomitantly confers valine resistance and increased expression of the ilvEDA genes, is, in fact, the "reversion" of a polar site within the first structural gene of the ilvGEDA operon.
Xenon enhanced computed tomography with a fast scanning mode and interscan table incrementation was used to derive local cerebral blood flow in a nonhuman primate 19 days following infarction. The in vivo autoradiographic methodology was used to derive blood flow in normal and diseased tissue at four different brain levels (slices) during a single inhalation study.
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Judith Gray, a specialist in community medicine, and Waltrant Browning, who visited Britain in 1979 to study health education of ethnic minorities, examine a scheme in Blackburn which set out to overcome the language problem. Dr Gray is area specialist in community medicine (social services) Manchester AHA(T)
A double-blind, randomized study was designed to determine whether estrogen "priming" of the unripe cervix followed by prostaglandin induction of labor would have a synergistic effect on cervical ripening and improve the success rate of induction. One hundred near-term patients with Bishop scores less than or equal to 4 received an intramuscular injection of either 10 mg of estradiol valerate or a placebo 48 hours prior to induction of labor with oral prostaglandin E2. The serial changes in Bishop scores were very similar in both groups. The success rate of induction in the study group (69.8%) was not statistically different from that in the control group (61.9%). The duration of labor was 9.9 +/- 4.1 hours in the study group versus 9.1 +/- 3.7 hours in the control group (not significant). This study showed that 10 mg of estradiol valerate had no detectable effect on the unripe cervix near term and did not show a synergistic effect with prostaglandins during induction of labor.
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Participants in a long-term sheltered workshop program were followed up to determine their present status, their degree of symptom impairment, and their assessment of the program. The author found the rate of clients' return to work greatly exceeded the rate of rehospitalization. The study also indicated that symptom impairment was not a valid predictor of success in the workshop or adjustment in the community and that satisfaction with the program was closely associated with improved self-esteem.
Results of a survey conducted early in 1978, about the state of psychiatric audits in Ontario, are presented and discussed. Of the facilities that responded 66% reported the existence of an audit system for psychiatric care. The picture that evolves from the survey shows that audits are comprehensive in only 52% of Ontario facilities, more so in the provincial psychiatric hospitals than in psychiatric units in general hospitals. The audits are multidisciplinary in 64% of all facilities. While only 50% of facilities involved in audits felt that audits have a positive impact on improvement of psychiatric care, 71% were positive that audits have contributed to continuing staff education. The authors report their experience in introducing a criteria audit system. Factors influencing the selection, as well as advantages and criticisms of this model are discussed.