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Biomedical subjects

J Gray

Publications and source records attributed to J Gray.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Lesbian mothers and their children: a comparison with solo parent heterosexual mothers and their children.

Two types of single-parent households and their effects on children ages 3-11 years were compared. One type comprised 50 homosexual mothers and their 56 children, and the other was a group of 40 heterosexual mothers and their 48 children. There were 30 daughters and 26 sons of homosexual mothers and 28 daughters and 20 sons of heterosexual mothers. The sexual identity and social relationships of the children were assessed in relation to the sexual orientation of the mothers. The samples consisted of families from rural and urban areas in 10 American states. All have lived without adult males (18 years or older) in the household for a minimum of 2 years (average 4). Families with heterosexual mothers were matched to families with homosexual mothers on age and race of mother; length of mother and child separation from father; educational level and income of mother; and number, age, and sex of children. Data are reported from childrens' tests designed to provide information on general intelligence, core-morphologic sexual identity, gender-role preferences, family and peer group relationships, and adjustment to the single-parent family. No significant differences were found between the two types of households for boys and few significant differences for girls. Concerns that being raised by a homosexual mother might produce sexual identity conflict and peer group stigmatization were not supported by the research findings. Data also revealed more similarities than differences in parenting experiences, marital history, and present living situations of the two groups of mothers. The postulated compromised parental fitness of lesbian mothers, commonly asserted in child custody cases, is not supported by these data.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Chlamydial infections in children: a seroepidemiological study.

A seroepidemiological study was conducted in 329 Swedish children aged 3-12 years, some of whom had upper respiratory tract infections, in order to determine the prevalence of serum IgG and IgM antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis in this age group. Serum antibodies were detected by microimmunofluorescence assay. IgG antibodies were found in 28 (8.5%) of the children; titers were greater than or equal to 1:16 in 15 children (4.6%). Their prevalence in boys (9.4%) and girls (7.6%) was not significantly different. IgM antibodies were found in only six children. Their peak prevalence occurred in boys at the age of 8, and in girls at the age of 12. The serological findings are discussed in the light of current knowledge about chlamydial infections in children and the specificity of chlamydial antibody tests.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)/cyclin during the cell cycle.

The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), also called cyclin, was quantified in the cell lines SP2/0 and MOLT-4 and in mouse splenocytes induced to proliferate in vitro with mitogens. Autoantibody from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus was used to label PCNA in cell suspensions after the cells had been fixed and permeabilized. In the same cells DNA was stained by propidium iodide. The cells were then analysed by flow cytometry for PCNA and DNA content. The PCNA profiles in proliferating spleen cells and the cell lines were similar. Most G0-G1 cells did not express significant amount of PCNA. A dramatic increase in PCNA immunofluorescence was observed in late G1 cells, and further increases were observed in S-phase cells. G2-M cells showed a reduced level of PCNA immunofluorescence relative to S-phase cells but were still elevated relative to G0-G1 cells. Proliferating cells arrested at the G1-S boundary by exposure to cytosine arabinoside showed an increased PCNA immunofluorescence as compared to unstimulated cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Sex therapy outcome research: a reappraisal of methodology. 1. A treatment study of male sexual dysfunction.

In the first section a controlled treatment study of male sexual dysfunction is described. 'Unlucky' randomization of subjects yielded treatment groups which differed with respect to variables of possible prognostic significance. Hence the results are largely uninterpretable. In the second section the predominantly negative or inconsistent findings in sex therapy outcome research are reviewed and methodological problems, such as those described in the first part, are considered as possible reasons for these negative findings. The interrelationships are explored between small treatment groups, prognostic variability, bias, power, and small expected treatment effects. A strategy for future research is proposed, with particular emphasis on the recognition and use of relevant prognostic indices.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1986

Computer analysis of retroviral pol genes: assignment of enzymatic functions to specific sequences and homologies with nonviral enzymes.

A computer analysis of the amino acid sequences from the putative gene products of retroviral pol genes has revealed a 150-residue segment that is homologous with the ribonuclease H of Escherichia coli. The segment occurs at the carboxyl terminus of the region assigned to the 90-kDa reverse transcriptase polypeptide. In contrast, a section nearer the amino terminus of this sequence can be aligned with nonretroviral polymerases. The order of activities in the pol gene is thus: polymerase-ribonuclease-endonuclease. On another note, all retroviral endonuclease sequences contain a consensus zinc-binding "finger." This should not be confused with the well-known zinc requirement of reverse transcriptases.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Maximizing compliance with hemoccult screening for colon cancer in clinical practice.

A factorial design randomized controlled trial to test several clinically feasible strategies primary-care practitioners may use in routine practice to increase patient participation in occult blood testing for colorectal cancer is reported. Three compliance-enhancing intervention strategies (physician/nurse talk, and/or reminder postcard, and/or reminder phone call) were introduced. Patient health beliefs were examined as compliance predictors. High compliance levels were seen in all intervention groups, with a mean of 89% compared with 68% in controls. An interactive talk by the physician or nurse increased compliance by 12-13%. The reminder postcard was the most effective single intervention. It increased compliance by 24-25%, achieving 92.7% overall compliance, and appeared to be cost-effective. Patient health beliefs were of minimal value in predicting compliance in this study.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Psychiatric and behaviour disturbance in mental handicap.

This study reports on the relationship between behavioural and psychiatric perceptions of mentally handicapped subjects. A Standardised Psychiatric Interview schedule was found to characterise psychiatric problems in the mentally handicapped along eight dimensions: depression, neurasthenia, psychoticism, phobias, histrionic elation, hypochondria, mental retardation and medication effects. A Behavioural Disturbance Scale characterised disturbances along six dimensions: aggressive conduct, mood disturbance, withdrawal, antisocial conduct, idiosyncratic mannerisms and self-injury. The relationships between the two modes of assessment were investigated using multiple regression. Clinical features were not expressed in behaviour disturbances, nor were they related to age, sex or hospitalisation. The communicativeness of an interviewee was, however, found to limit the detection of depression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

A fluorophotometric study of the effect of argon laser trabeculoplasty on aqueous humor dynamics.

Fluorophotometry and tonography were used before and after argon laser trabeculoplasty to measure aqueous humor dynamics in 15 eyes of 14 patients. A new fluorophotometric method used to measure true outflow facility showed that it increased from a mean pretreatment value of 0.016 microliter/min/mm Hg to a mean posttreatment value of 0.075 microliter/min/mm Hg. Similarly, total outflow facility, measured tonographically, increased from 0.112 microliter/min/mm Hg to 0.151 microliter/min/mm Hg. Uveoscleral flow decreased after laser therapy; however, this was secondary to the decrease in intraocular pressure. No effect was found on the rate of aqueous humor production. We concluded that the primary effect of argon laser trabeculoplasty was to increase true outflow facility, thereby decreasing intraocular pressure.

Aqueous Humor↗
PubMed1985

DNA-protein interaction at the replication origins of plasmid chromosomes.

Novel techniques have been developed to purify replication initiator proteins of the plasmids R6K and pSC101. The techniques consist of tagging the initiator cistrons at the C-terminus with beta-galactosidase-encoding DNA of Escherichia coli in the correct translational phase. The hybrid proteins are then rapidly purified by adsorption to and elution from a beta-galactosidase- specific affinity column. Two procedures have been devised to isolate the nonfused initiator proteins using the fused protein as a handle. The first procedure, called subunit association chromatography, exploits the association of a monomer of nontagged protein with that of beta-galactosidase-tagged protein in isolating both types of proteins by beta-galactosidase specific affinity column chromatography. The second procedure involves the fusion of the initiator protein to beta-galactosidase via a specific linker DNA. The linker DNA encodes a protein which is readily and specifically hydrolyzed by a sequence specific protease, thus releasing the initiator protein from beta-galactosidase. Using purified or partially purified initiator protein, we have demonstrated that the R6K encoded initiator protein (Pi protein) binds to a consensus 22 bp sequence at 2 regions of the plasmid chromosome. The pSC101-encoded initiator protein binds to sequences at or near the plasmid replication origin. At low concentrations the protein binds to a nucleation site and upon raising the concentrations of the protein binding is promoted at 4 adjacent sequences that have partial homologies with the nucleation sequence. Deletion of the binding site leads to a nonfunctional replication origin.

DNA Replication↗
PubMed1985

Cryptosporidiosis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Telephone transmission of fetal monitor data.

A telephone system was established to transmit fetal monitor data to a tertiary center from small rural hospitals with limited experience in interpreting such tracings. This type of program fosters sound obstetric management and appropriate therapeutic intervention of monitored patients in rural areas. We believe that similar service can be established by other tertiary hospitals.

Female↗
PubMed1985

A survey of injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee in female basketball players.

This study surveyed 76 female basketball-related injuries that occurred during a 30-month period at the B.C. Sports Medicine Clinic. The knee was the most common site of injury (72%), and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture accounted for 25% of all basketball injuries seen. A total of 19 ACL ruptures in females were seen as compared to only 4 ACL ruptures in male basketball players during the same time period. During this time period a total of 151 males and 76 female basketball players were seen. Each patient was assessed as to age, height, weight, and alignment and questioned as to mechanism of injury, playing position, experience, and training plus previous injuries. Possible etiological factors postulated included player position, joint laxity, weak quadriceps mechanism, and a possible hormonal basis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Review panels for involuntary psychiatric patients: which patients apply?

This study attempted to identify which involuntary patients apply to Review Panels for discharge. Four hundred and eighty-seven (487) patients who applied for review at a provincial mental hospital during a five-year period were compared, on 27 variables, with 2,966 patients who, although eligible to apply, chose not to do so. The groups differed on nineteen of the twenty-seven variables. Discriminant analysis was used to identify the ten best predictors of who will apply to the Review Panel. The profile thus derived of the Review Panel applicant, may be useful to management teams who could try to formulate a plan that would reduce the probability that the patient will apply.

Canada↗
PubMed1985

Thyrotoxicosis and stress.

There have been many attempts to incriminate stress as a precipitant of both physical and psychiatric illness. An inventory of life events made on 100 patients attending the thyroid clinic of a general hospital for the first time showed a slight excess of stressful events in the histories of the thyrotoxic patients. Their timing in relation to the onset of symptoms did not support a causal relationship.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Characteristics of glucose-stimulated breathing movements in human fetuses with intrauterine growth retardation.

The characteristics of fetal breathing movements were analyzed in 13 fetuses who were intrauterine growth retarded and in a comparison group of 13 well-grown fetuses. The numbers of minutes of breathing activity per hour were similar for the two groups; the increase (p less than 0.05) after maternally administered glucose was due to longer (p less than 0.05) and more frequent (p less than 0.05) breathing episodes, and was mainly deep breathing. The deep breathing rate increased significantly (p less than 0.05) after glucose. The two groups exhibited similar low occurrences of shallow breathing (less than 5 minutes per hour) throughout the experiments. No significant differences could be demonstrated between intrauterine growth-retarded and well-grown fetuses with respect to the amount, rate, and pattern of breathing activity during fasting or after oral administration of glucose to the mother.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1984

An outbreak of Serratia marcescens infections in a neonatal unit.

Over a 15-month period 732 babies were admitted to a neonatal unit, and Serratia marcescens was isolated from 153 (21%). In one-fifth (34) a clinical infection (9 major and 25 minor) developed. Major infection was associated with high mortality and morbidity and 2 cases presented after the neonatal period. No environmental reservoir was found. Colonised symptom-free neonates were considered to be the source, with transmission by staff-baby contact despite adequate hand-washing. Overcrowding was believed to be responsible for the difficulties experienced in eradicating this transmission.

Cross Infection↗