Detection of hepatitis A virus RNA in commercially available factor VIII preparation.
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Drug Contamination↗
Biomedical subjects
J Graff
Publications and source records attributed to J Graff.
Comparison of Bay K 8644, nitrendipine and atropine on spontaneous and pelvic-nerve-induced bladder contractions on rat bladder in vivo.
The effects of the dihydropyridine-type calcium antagonist (nitrendipine) and agonist (Bay K 8644) in comparison to atropine have been studied after intravenous administration on spontaneous and pelvic-nerve-induced contraction of rat urinary bladder. Bay K 8644 increased the basal internal bladder pressure as well as the amplitude of the spontaneous bladder contractions in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, an increase in systemic arterial blood pressure was noted for a period of about 20 min. In the presence of atropine the effects of Bay K 8644 on the urinary bladder were almost completely antagonized. Both nitrendipine and atropine reduced in a dose-dependent manner the amplitude of spontaneous and nerve-induced bladder contraction. The spontaneous and nerve-induced bladder contractions were significantly reduced by atropine or nitrendipine. Only nitrendipine caused a reduction of the spontaneous bladder contraction frequency. The systemic blood pressure was decreased significantly by nitrendipine but not after atropine administration. We suggest that both calcium antagonist and agonist can change the tension of the urinary bladder in vivo. As a side-effect the systemic blood pressure is altered. Atropine can antagonize the effect of BayK 8644 on the urinary bladder and reduces spontaneous and nerve-induced bladder contractions more specifically than nitrendipine.
3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethy↗
Influence of papaverine on rat bladder contractions in vivo.
In an acute rat model (in vivo) spontaneous rhythmic bladder contractions were induced by ligation of the urethra. In addition single bladder contractions were recorded during neurostimulation of the pelvic nerve. Spontaneous and electrically induced bladder contractions were sensitive to papaverine and isoprenaline in vivo. The basal bladder pressure and bladder contraction parameters were reduced more potently by isoprenaline. Blood pressure decreased significantly after isoprenaline injection (0.5-50 micrograms/kg = 4.73 x 10(-6)-4.73 x 10(-4) mol/l) and high concentration of papaverine (5 mg/kg = 2.95 x 10(-2) mol/l). Compared to isoprenaline papaverine was less toxic. These results are different to previous in vitro investigations in rat bladder strips. In vivo papaverine seems to be less effective on nerve-mediated bladder contractions and decreases bladder pressure. Our results indicate that beta-adrenergic receptors play a potent role in the inhibition of spontaneous and pelvic nerve-induced bladder contraction.
Animals↗
An assessment of the flow rate within peritoneal dialysis catheters, using a standardized in vitro technique.
A variety of peritoneal dialysis catheters are used in clinical practice. The catheters are mainly described by their design, French number (circumference in mm) and length. However, this description does not provide information about the catheters inflow and outflow rates. We have therefore, studied flow rates of 18 adult catheters, using a uroflowmeter. Inflow rates were measured with the inflow bag 100 cm and 145 cm above the tip of the catheter, and outflow rates were measured with the flow transducer located 35 cm and 80 cm below the tip of the catheter, imitating situations where patients are sitting in a chair or laying in a bed during fluid exchanges. Ten measurements were made for each catheter at all heights. We found that catheter designs do affect flow rates. Straight catheters had statistic significantly faster inflow and outflow rates compared to curled catheters (p < 0.001). Moreover, curled catheters had statistic significantly faster flow rates than Swan Neck catheters (p < 0.001). The length and internal diameter of the catheter was found to be the determining factor for the differences in flow rates.
Catheterization↗
Interferon-alpha 2b instillation prophylaxis in superficial bladder cancer--a prospective, controlled three-armed trial. Project Group Bochum--Interferon and Superficial Bladder Cancer.
Sixty-seven patients with recurrent pTa G1-G3 to pT1 G1-G3 tumors were randomized into three groups receiving either Intron A at 10 MU/instillation, Intron A at 10 MU and mitomycin C (MMC) at 20 mg/instillation or MMC at 20 mg/instillation. After a mean follow up of 6.2 months no tumor recurrence has been seen in the group receiving combined therapy, whilst four out of 22 in the interferon group and five out of 23 in the MMC group suffered a recurrence. Side effects were slight. These preliminary results suggest that a combination of the two drugs is more effective than either drug alone.
Aged↗
[Decompression sickness].
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Decompression Sickness↗
[Analgesia using oral administration of tilidine naloxone for extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. A double blind study].
Reduction in pain perception during ESWL due to a technical modification of the lithotriptor was expected and prompted a reassessment of anaesthesia techniques for ESWL. In this study the need for analgesic treatment had to be investigated. After satisfactory preliminary results in a previous pilot study, the value of the oral combination of the anti-anxiety drug dipotassium clorazepate on the evening before ESWL together with the analgesic tilidine-naloxone before treatment was tested in a randomised double-blind study in 120 patients. In case of intolerable pain during the treatment all patients were free to ask for additional intravenous analgesic medication (fentanyl). During ESWL, 28.3% of the tilidine-N group patients and 6.7% of the placebo group were pain-free, whereas intolerable pain was reported by 30% of the tilidine-N group and 56.7% of the placebo group. Therefore, 70% of the tilidine-N group patients were treated without any additional analgesic or sedative medication. The good experience with this oral anaesthesia approach, the lack of significant side effects and a good acceptance by the patients warrant further recommendation of this technique.
Administration, Oral↗
Nature, Volume 205, 1965: Evaluation of chemical diets as nutrition for man-in-space.
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Food, Formulated↗
[Emergency coronary surgery in patients with unstable angina pectoris. Results and place in the total concept of the treatment of this group of patients].
The urgent coronary surgery performed in patients with high risk unstable angina (rest pain greater than 48 h) shows still different results. We found in 57 urgent operated patients the same functional and clinical results as after elective bypass grafting. A higher in hospital mortality after urgent coronary surgery based on a higher number of grafts are occluded in the early postoperative period. The better prognosis concluded that the use of urgent coronary surgery is the therapy of choice in patients with refractory unstable angina pectoris.
Adult↗
Influence of iloprost on eicosanoid generation and lipid levels in experimental myocardial ischemia in dogs.
Anaesthetized mongrel dogs were subjected to occlusion of a coronary artery. The resulting myocardial infarction was observed for three hours. One hour after occlusion, infusion of the stable prostacyclin analogue iloprost or saline was started. In the control group myocardial infarction was associated with an increase of the ratio TXB2/6-keto-PGF1a which was abolished by iloprost treatment. After occlusion in the control group, the atherosclerosis index (TC-HDLC): HDLC was increased, but in the iloprost-treated group it was significantly decreased. The results of this study suggest that the administration of iloprost is able to prevent changes in eicosanoid metabolism and lipoprotein pattern after coronary artery occlusion in dogs.
6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
Influence of drugs on the TXA2/PGI2 balance and on the atherogenic index in myocardial ischemia in dogs.
The effect of drugs on eicosanoid production and on the development of atherogenic index was investigated in canine myocardial ischemia. Iloprost, verapamil, the trapidil derivative AR 12463 or 0.9% NaCl solution were administered 60 min after coronary artery ligation in anaesthetized dogs. Both iloprost and AR 12463 reduced the thromboxane A2/prostacyclin (TXA2/PGI2) ratio in coronary sinus plasma in comparison to controls. The atherogenic index was significantly decreased in the iloprost as well as in the AR 12463-treated group in comparison to the control group. Verapamil had no influence on the investigated parameters.
Animals↗
Effect of oestrogen or cyproterone acetate treatment on adrenocortical function in prostate carcinoma patients.
The antiandrogen cyproterone acetate (CA), as well as oestrogens have been reported to influence pituitary-adrenal function in prostate cancer patients, but the clinical relevance of these findings is unknown. We therefore investigated serum cortisol (F), dehydro-epiandrosterone sulphate (DS), testosterone (T) and prolactin (Prl) levels in patients treated with CA or oestradiol undecylate for at least 6 months. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function was further assessed by analysis of diurnal hormone variation and by ACTH stimulation and dexamethasone suppression tests. To differentiate between direct CA or oestrogen effects and secondary effects resulting from therapy-induced hypogonadism, we performed similar tests in untreated normogonadal and hypogonadal patients. CA treatment effected a significant decrease in serum F (-40%), DS (-73%) and T (-58%) levels and an increase in serum Prl (+118%). Oestrogen treatment resulted in markedly lowered T levels (-89%), slightly elevated serum F (+24%) and significantly increased serum Prl (+192%). Corresponding changes of F, DS and Prl could not be found in the untreated hypogonadal controls, thus indicating a direct drug-related effect. Neither diurnal rhythmicity of serum F nor adrenal response to ACTH stimulation or sensitivity to dexamethasone suppression significantly changed under CA or oestrogen treatment. We conclude that, although serum F levels may decrease under CA or increase slightly under oestrogen therapy for prostate carcinoma, these findings do not justify specific treatment, since neither clinical side effects nor an impairment of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal feedback occurs.
Adrenal Cortex↗
[The vascular wall and fibrinolysis--pathologic aspects].
The plasminogen activating factor of tissue detectable by fibrinolysis autography is diminished in varicosis with and without postthrombotic syndrome, in diabetic nephropathy, in viral pneumonia and after short-term cyclophosphamide therapy. The only condition in which an increase of this factor can be observed is mechanical damage of tissue. The importance of the findings for pathogenesis and therapy is stressed. Whether the results are influenced by inhibitors of extrinsic plasminogen activation is discussed.
Diabetic Nephropathies↗
[Double urologic tumors: reduced immunocompetence?].
55 patients with primary multiple neoplasias underwent immunostaging with determination of the immunoglobulins, B- and T-lymphocyte counting, H3-lymphocyte stimulation (ConA, PWM, PHA) and DNCB-epidermal test. There were no significant differences between the PMN-group and a group of patients with solitary tumors, whereas both cancer patient groups revealed a diminished immunocompetence compared with a non-malignant control group of patients.
Adult↗
Prostacyclin and iloprost: equal efficiency in preserving high energy phosphates in the dog heart following coronary artery ligation.
The influence of PGI2 and iloprost on the contents of high energy phosphates, cAMP, glycolytic metabolites and on cardiac performance was investigated in open-chest dogs subjected to 3 h of ischaemia, induced by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The administration of drugs for 2 h, starting 1 h after the onset of ischaemia, resulted in a normalization and an appreciable reduction in the loss of high energy phosphates in the non-ischaemic and ischaemic left ventricular muscle, respectively, leading to an improvement in the phosphate potential of the cardiac tissue. A reduction in the ischemia-induced rise in cAMP levels was observed, indicating a lower catecholamine overflow in the presence of these drugs. PGI2 and iloprost in the dose employed significantly decreased cardiac preload, which was found to be elevated in the untreated animals after coronary artery ligation. The observed effect of PGI2 and its mimetic on the haemodynamics, as well as on myocardial cAMP and high energy phosphate levels of the heart, may be considered helpful in the phase of temporary imbalance between energy demand and supply during acute ischaemia.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗