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Biomedical subjects

J Grabowski

Publications and source records attributed to J Grabowski.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Factor stationarity and invariance of the POMS in cocaine patients.

The Profile of Mood States (POMS) factor scores are commonly used to evaluate the clinical pharmacologic effects of a drug. Two assumptions made when using the POMS in this manner are that its factor structure remains constant across time (factor stationarity) and that the factor structure is identical across experimental groups (factor invariance). If these assumptions are not met, then interpreting change in POMS factor scores becomes problematic. Structural equation modeling programs (e.g., LISREL) may be used to explicity test assumptions of factor stationarity and invariance. As part of a National Institute on Drug Abuse grant-funded, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess effectiveness of treating cocaine-abusing patients with fluoxetine, POMS data were collected at baseline and at 6 weeks (n = 90). Applying a longitudinal factor analysis strategy, factor stationarity and invariance of two POMS factors were assessed in this patient sample.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Rotational behavior as a classically conditioned response to pentobarbital administration.

Pentobarbital stimulus control of rotational behavior was investigated in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of substantia nigra. In conditioning trials, lesioned rats were injected simultaneously with 10 mg/kg pentobarbital and 0.05 mg/kg apomorphine and their rotational (circling) behavior observed and counted. Subsequent to three consecutive daily conditioning sessions, animals were re-introduced to the rotation environment and tested with saline or pentobarbital. Pentobarbital, but not saline, administration was followed by a brief epoch of rapid contralateral rotation. After additional conditioning trials in which pentobarbital and apomorphine administration were paired, test sessions with 1 g/kg ethanol and with 10 mg/kg chlordiazepoxide were conducted. Most animals did not rotate in response to ethanol administration and most did rotate in response to chlordiazepoxide. Finally, in order to determine the persistence of the conditioned effect, animals were tested with pentobarbital 15 weeks after their last conditioning session and were found to rotate actively in response.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Human aggressive responding during acute tobacco abstinence: effects of nicotine and placebo gum.

Aggressive and point maintained operant responding of heavy nicotine dependent male tobacco smokers were measured during five 25-min sessions conducted over an 8-h period. Responding under three tobacco abstinence conditions was compared to responding during a baseline condition of ad libitum smoking of the subject's preferred brand of cigarettes. The three tobacco abstinence conditions were: (1) placebo gum, (2) nicotine gum or (3) no gum. Under placebo and nicotine gum conditions, subjects were given two pieces of placebo or 2 mg nicotine gum to chew for 30 min prior to each session. Expired air carbon monoxide (CO) levels were measured at the end of each session to monitor smoking under baseline conditions and compliance with nonsmoking requirements under abstinence conditions. Aggressive responding was increased in no gum and placebo gum conditions, with the highest frequency of aggressive responding occurring under no-gum conditions. Aggressive responding during nicotine gum conditions did not differ from baseline ad libitum tobacco smoking. Point maintained responding was either not affected or decreased under placebo and no-gum conditions. These results provided objective data consistent with clinical reports of increased irritability among dependent tobacco smokers during acute tobacco abstinence.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Comparative studies in chronic ocular chalcosis].

Seven eyes containing a copper foreign body for a period from 8 months to 2.5 years were studied histopathologically. Foreign bodies, containing 99% copper, were in all eyes, encapsulated and located in the anterior vitreous. Characteristic features were: formation of foreign body granuloma, especially in later stages, marked fibroblastic proliferation in the vitreous with traction retinal detachment, choroidal effusion with fibrosis and foci of chronic nongranulomatous inflammation in cyclitic membranes, iris, ciliary body and sclera. Copper could be identified by rubeanic acid and rhodanine stainings in the fibrous capsule around foreign body in all eyes, in the lens capsule in one eye and in macrophages in the vitreous and retina in 2 eyes. In eyes with intravitreal haemorrhage macrophages contained also haemosiderin.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Cholinergic REM sleep induction by arecoline in normal subjects: relation to thyroid function.

Serum thyroid hormones and the speed of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep induction by the central muscarinic agonist arecoline were measured in 21 normal volunteers. The arecoline-REM induction latencies had a modestly significant negative correlation with free thyroxine index. This finding is discussed in the light of observations in animal studies that thyroid hormones stimulate central cholinergic neuronal function.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Porphyria and psychosis: a case report.

This article reports the case of a 41 year old female with a history of acute intermittent porphyria who presented with exacerbation of a chronic psychotic illness. Though the evaluative studies for an acute porphyric episode were negative, psychological testing was consistent with an organic patchy cognitive decline. This finding is discussed in relation to the reported assymetric neuropathic lesions reported in porphyria.

Acute Disease↗