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Biomedical subjects

J Grüntzig

Publications and source records attributed to J Grüntzig.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Eye and lymph drainage].

Up to now lymphatics in the eye could not be pointed out. An ocular lymph drainage is denied. Földi succeeded in producing experimentally the syndrome of "lymphostatic encephalopathy and ophthalmopathy" by operative blockade of the cervical lymphatics in animals. In the first part of the present paper a historical view considering the subject "Eye and lymphatic system" is given. In the second part it is entered into the particulars of own experimental studies. As to our own investigations, rabbits have been injected 99mTc-sulfur-colloid, 99mTc-microcolloid, 99mTc-Albumin and 198Au-colloid into the retrobulbar space, anterior chamber, vitreous body and subconjuctival space of one eye. Measurements of the activity's distribution have been made in vivo with an Anger type camera (pho-Gamma-IV Hp, Searle Nuclear Chicago) and in vitro after section with a sodium iodine crystal well counter (Clinimat-200, Picker). In some animals the investigation has been combined with a bilateral dissection of the cervical lymph nodes. After injection in the retrobulbar space a significant concentration of the activity could be observed for the most part in the equilateral Lymphonodulus cervicalis profundus. By the cervical lymph blockade the removal of lymphoctopic substances from the retrobulbar space was largely inhibited. After injection in the anterior chamber a significant concentration could be observed for the most part in the equilateral Lymphonodulus cervicalis superficialis. After intravitreal injection a drainage to the bilateral deep cervical lymph nodes could be observed. After injection into the subconjunctival space a significant accumulation of activity could be registered in the equilateral Lymphonoduli mandibulares and cervicales superficiales. The data substantiate a segmental lymph drainage from the eye: vitreous body and retrobulbar space for the most part into the Lymphonoduli cervicales profundi, anterior chamber and subconjunctival space for the most part into the Lymphonoduli cervicales superficiales been studied. In albino-rabbits indiaink has been injected into the vitreous body and afterwards its drainage has been controlled histologically (frozen sections). In some animals the investigation has been combined with a bilateral dissection of the cervical lymph nodes. The lymph node dissection causes a massive deceleration of the India-ink's outflow; the perivascular connective tissue shows a clear edematous relaxation. The histological evidence suggests that 1. the vitreous body 2. the interstice between the glia cells of the papilla 3. the pial tissue between the neurone bundles of the optic nerve 4. the perivascular space around the central vessels of the retina 5. the subarachnoid sheath of the optic nerve may be interpreted as prelymphatic pathway.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Experimental investigation with 198Au colloid as to lymph communications between the retrobulbar space and the thyroid gland (author's transl)].

The problem of a direct connection of lymph drainage between the retrobulbar space and the thyroid gland was examined using the lymphotropic radioactive tracer 198Au colloid. Twelve rabbits were examined. Six animals were injected with 50 muCi 198Au colloid into the right thyroid lobe and six animals into the right retrobulbar space. Distribution and total body radioactivity was measured in vivo using a scintillation camera with a computer. After 6 hrs tissue specimens of different organs were measured in a well-counter. The discharge of activity from the thyroid after 6 hrs was significantly higher than that from the retrobulbar space (63% versus 33.5%). This was probably due to a higher vascularisation and to a higher degree of lymph drainage of the thyroid. The lymph drainage of the thyroid gland as well as of the retrobulbar space occurred mainly via the lymphonodi cerv. proff. No significant activity was found in the retrobulbar space after thyroid injection or in the thyroid after retrobulbar injection. It may be concluded from these results that there are no direct lymph connections between the retrobulbar space and the thyroid gland. However, indirect communications via the deep cervical lymph nodes cannot be excluded in the event of reverse lymph flow.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Spontaneous hemorrhages into dilated conjunctival lymphatics (author's transl)].

The means of own observations the clinical picture of spontaneous hemorrhages into the conjunctival lymphatics is illustrated. The reasons of this phenomenon are discussed with regard to the histomorphological findings. Hitherto the spontaneous hemorrhages into the conjunctival lymphatics do not seem to have any pathogenic effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The effects of chronic cervical lymphostasis on regions drained by lymphatics and by prelymphatics.

Chronic cervical lymphostasis was induced in cats. The effects in regions directly drained by lymphatics (facial skin and retrobulbar tissue), and in regions primarily drained by prelymphatics (cerebral cortex, retina, papilla, iris, choroid and Circle of Willis) were studied ophthalmoscopically and electron microscopically. It was found that in all regions there was considerable oedema, increases in protein concentration and excess collagen, together with increased numbers of macrophages. The lymphatics, where these existed, had many open junctions: both these vessels and the prelymphatics were very dilated, with considerable increases in protein concentration.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Studies of the lymph drainage of the eye. 4. Drainage of lymphotropic radioactive tracers (99mTc-Microcolloid) after intravitreal injection (author's transl)].

In 7 rabbits the drainage of 99mTc-labelled Micro-colloid from the vitreous body of the eye was studied. In vivo measurements with an Anger-type camera were undertaken as well as in vitro measurements after dissection and excision of tissue-probes. From the data followed that indicator's elimination half-life from the vitreous body was on an average 7.8 hours. The drainage occurred partially along structures which are associated to the optic nerve. Furthermore drainage to the ipsilateral retrobulbar space and to the regional cervical lymph nodes, mainly to the bilateral deep cervical lymph nodes could be observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Studies on the lymph drainage of the eye 5. Quantitative registration of the lymph drainage from the subconjunctival space with a radioactive tracer (author's transl)].

In 7 rabbits the drainage from the subconjunctival space to the cervical lymph nodes was observed after subconjunctival injection of 99mTc-micro-colloid. Measurements of the activity distribution were made in vivo with an Anger type camera (pho-Gamma-IV Hp, Searle Nuclear Chicago) and in vitro after dissection with a sodium iodine crystal well counter (Clinimat-200, Picker). 6 hours after the injection into the subconjunctival space of the right eye an average of 53.7% of the applied activity had drained off. A significant accumulation of activity could constantly be registrated in the cervical lymph nodes. Its amount was generally up to 2.08% of the applied total activity per animal, with a large individual spreading. In detail, activity was found in all 7 cases in the right superficial cervical lymph node, in 5 cases moreover in the right mandibular lymph node, additionally in 2 animals in the right or left deep cervical lymph node respectively and in one animal as well in the right as in the left deep cervical lymph node. Besides, in all cases high activity was registered in the right retrobulbar and subconjunctival spaces just as in the right eye. A small activity in the right optic nerve could be pointed out in three of our seven cases.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Drainage of the radioactive lymphotropic tracers 198 Au-colloid and 99m Tc-sulfur-colloid from the orbit in rabbits (author's transl)].

In order to investigate lymph drainage from the retrobulbar space colloid solutions (198Au-colloid and 99mTc-sulfur-colloid) were injected into the right retrobulbar space of 31 rabbits. The distribution of radioactivity was measured in vitro after dissection with a sodium iodine crystal well counter and in some animals in vivo with the Gamma camera. More than 90% of the applied activity of either colloid solution was found in some animals up to the eighth day post injection in the retrobulbar space and in the liver. The remaining activity was recovered mainly from the regional lymph nodes, due to its smaller particle size higher values were registered in the experiments with 198Au than in those with 99mTc. The highest concentrations with up to 4,6% of the activity were observed in the deep cervical lymph nodes on both sides. Minor concentrations of activity were found ipsilateral in the superficial cervical and mandibular lymph nodes. Furthermore, small but significant activities were demonstrated in the optic nerves as well as in the contralateral retrobulbar space. The present data clearly substantiate the existence of lymph drainage, although a slow one, from the retrobulbar space. Moreover they indicate a reverse prelymphatic-lymphatic flow toward the optic nerves and the contralateral retrobulbar space. These results are of importance in the discussions of lymphostatic ophthalmopathy. The clinical application of this method is desirable; however, at present it is not yet practicable without further studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Studies on the lymph drainage of the eye. 1. Quantitative registration of the lymph drainage from the orbita of the rabbit with radioactive tracers (author's transl)].

For the investigation on the lymph drainage from the orbita 99mTc-microcolloid, 99mTc-albumin and 198Au-colloid have been injected into the retrobulbar space of 24 rabbits. Measurements of the activity's distribution have been made in vivo with an Anger type camera (pho-Gamma-IV Hp, Searle Nuclear Chicago) and in vitro after section with a sodium iodine crystal well counter (Clinimat-200, Picker). A significant concentration of the activity could be observed for the most part in the equilateral Lymphonoduli cervicales profundi and superficiales and for the less part also in the equilateral Lymphonoduli mandibulares and contralateral Lymphonoduli cervicales profoundi. Furthermore significant activities could be pointed out in the optic nerves as well as in the contralateral retrobulbar space. The data substantiate a lymph drainage from the orbita as well as a partly reverse "prelymphatic-lymphatic" flow and are of importance for discussions about lymphostatic ophthalmopathy and sympathetic ophthalmitis. For application on man 99mTc-microcolloid (Lymphoscint) shoud be preferred, because with this tracer 1. the lymph drainage can be measured quantitatively quite exactly by extern measurement with the Anger-camera, 2. the allowable radiation dosis for the lens is lying between 0.5-1.0 rad/mCi.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Studies on the lymph drainage of the eye. 2. Drainage of lymph-dependent radioactive substances from the anterior chamber. (author's transl)].

In order to study lymph drainage from the eye colloid solutions (198Au-colloid and 99mTc-sulfur-colloid) were injected into the right anterior chamber of the eye in 12 rabbits. The distribution of the radioactivity was measured in vivo with an Anger-type camera and in vitro with a sodium iodine crystal well-counter after dissection. The drainage of radioactivity from the anterior chamber had an average half-life of 36 min. The drained activity could be found mainly in blood, liver, kidney, and bone tissue. Moreover, a concentration of radioactivity significantly surpassing the concentration in blood was measured in the right retrobulbar space in 75% of the cases and in the cervical lymph nodes in 50% of the cases. These findings substantiate a communication between the anterior chamber of the eye and the retrobulbar space in the form of a lymphatic or a prelymphatic-lymphatic flow.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[A case of monocular retinitis pigmentosa (author's transl)].

A 38-year-old patient showed monocular nonprogressing pigmentary changes for 8 years, with nearly normal blood vessels and scarcely restricted dark-adaptation. ERG and VER were different from those of the other eye. The affected eye had full vision and an annular scotoma corresponding to the pigmentary changes. The other eye was amblyopic due to strabismus. Phenotypes, similar to retinitis pigmentosa, and chorioretinitis diffusa are discussed. This is probably a congenital anomaly.

Adult↗