Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Gottlieb

Publications and source records attributed to J Gottlieb.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The UL8 subunit of the herpes simplex virus helicase-primase complex is required for efficient primer utilization.

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 helicase-primase is a three-protein complex, consisting of a 1:1:1 association of UL5, UL8, and UL52 gene products (J.J. Crute, T. Tsurumi, L. Zhu, S. K. Weller, P. D. Olivo, M. D. Challberg, E. S. Mocarski, and I. R. Lehman, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:2186-2189, 1989). We have purified this complex, as well as a subcomplex consisting of UL5 and UL52 proteins, from insect cells infected with baculovirus recombinants expressing the appropriate gene products. In confirmation of previous reports, we find that whereas UL5 alone has greatly reduced DNA-dependent ATPase activity, the UL5/UL52 subcomplex retains the activities characteristic of the heterotrimer: DNA-dependent ATPase activity, DNA helicase activity, and the ability to prime DNA synthesis on a poly(dT) template. We also found that the primers made by the subcomplex are equal in length to those synthesized by the UL5/UL8/UL52 complex. In an effort to uncover a role for UL8 in HSV DNA replication, we have developed a model system for lagging-strand synthesis in which the primase activity of the helicase-primase complex is coupled to the activity of the HSV DNA polymerase on ICP8-coated single-stranded M13 DNA. Using this assay, we found that the UL8 subunit of the helicase-primase is critical for the efficient utilization of primers; in the absence of UL8, we detected essentially no elongation of primers despite the fact that the rate of primer synthesis on the same template is undiminished. Reconstitution of lagging-strand synthesis in the presence of UL5/UL52 was achieved by the addition of partially purified UL8. Essentially identical results were obtained when Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I was substituted for the HSV polymerase/UL42 complex. On the basis of these findings, we propose that UL8 acts to increase the efficiency of primer utilization by stabilizing the association between nascent oligoribonucleotide primers and template DNA.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1991

[Data registration of postoperative complications in connection with orthopedic surgery. A review of 4,346 surgical wounds].

A personal computer program to monitor surgical wound infections and other complications in orthopedics was developed. Internationally accepted definitions were used. The program was tested in four Danish orthopedic wards. The test period was from 1 January 1988 to 30 June 1989. Results from four wards consisting of 4,346 wounds in 3,570 patients are presented. The overall superficial wound infection rate was 2.4%, deep wound infection rate was 0.9%, other infection rate was 3.1%, and other complications were developed in 4.3% of the cases. In contrast to previous computer systems presented, this system also registers other nosocomial infections, and other complications. We found the system easy to use, and during the period, the overall registration rate was over ninety percent. If a registration system is introduced in the ward, a combined system which registers all infections and complications is preferable, instead of a simple wound infection system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Gynecomastia treated by subcutaneous mastectomy using Webster's method].

Gynecomastia was treated surgically by Webster's method in 23 patients during the period from 1983 to 1989. This surgical procedure was used if gynecomastia was classified from stage 1 to stage 2B. Cosmetic reasons were the major reasons for operation in 70% of the patients. The most common late postoperative sequelae were inverted areolae and hypaesthesiae of the areolar region. When operation was carried out, half of the patients were overweight. The remainder were of normal weight. Among the patients, who were overweight time of operation, 2/3 found that the cosmetic correction was unsatisfactory. In the "normal weight group" 2/3 were satisfied with the cosmetic result. The patients in the dissatisfied group found that too little tissue had been removed from the area. The operation is carried out through a little infraareolar incision. Because of this, it is technically difficult, especially in patients with considerable subcutaneous tissue. On this background, we find that Webster's method alone, not should be used as surgical treatment of gynecomastia in overweight patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The use of a personal computer program for monitoring wound infections and other complications in orthopedics.

A personal computer program to monitor wound infections and other complications after orthopedic operations was developed, adopting international criteria and definitions. The program offers fixed data entry screens, and a free text editor, and produces user-specified variations of seven screen pages comprising most of the epidemiological data needed for surveillance and complication control. Furthermore a number of special lists can be generated for use in the daily work. For all reports and lists it is possible to generate subpopulations with up to twelve criteria. The program was tested in four danish orthopedic departments and serves well as a simple local tool for the operating staff, offering fast information on complication rates. Results consisting 2,583 operations are presented. The overall rates of complications were 1.8% superficial wound infections, 0.6% deep wound infections, 2.6% other infections and 3.8 other complications. The system is lowcost and an effective method of providing a widespread uniform surveillance of surgical wound infections and other complications in the orthopedic wards.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of the rates of adverse drug reactions. Ionic contrast agents, ionic agents combined with steroids, and nonionic agents.

The influence of ionic agents alone, of diatrizoate plus two oral doses of methylprednisolone premedication, and of a nonionic agent (iohexol) upon the frequency and severity of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) was compared in ten hospitals during three separate time periods from 1985 to 1989. Nonionic agents were found to reduce significantly total ADRs; 52 of 8857 patients receiving nonionic agents experienced reactions, versus 263 of 6006 patients for ionics (P less than .0001). The frequency of reactions classed as mild (2.9% for ionic agents versus 0.476 for nonionic agents: P less than .001), moderate (1.2% versus 0.1%; P less than .001), or severe (0.37% versus 0.01%; P less than .001), also favored nonionic agents. Steroid premedication provided some protection, but iohexol was significantly better with respect to mild reactions (2.9% versus 0.4%, P less than .001), moderate reactions (0.9% versus 0.1%, P less than .01), and severe reactions (0.25% versus 0.01%, P less than .01). The contrast medium was the greatest risk factor for adverse reaction (odds ratio 7.3), while prior contrast reaction (odds ratio 6.25), and hay fever (odds ratio 2.3) were found to be significant independent risks. We conclude that nonionic agents are safer for intravenous use than ionic agents given alone or with corticosteroid premedication.

Diatrizoate Meglumine↗
PubMed1991

[Laxity in the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb].

Instability in the thumb is one of the most frequent sport injuries following trauma with the finger in abducted position. Investigation of the stability includes pinch-hold test and conventional X-ray examination to visualize bone avulsion fractures. Occasionally radiologic stress test of stability or arthrography should be performed in cases of doubt. Surgical intervention must be performed in all cases with instability or uncertain clinical manifestation. Especially the distal rupture with folding of the ulnar collateral ligament, the Stener lesion, should be detected to avoid healing of the ligament to the first metacarpal bone. Any form of surgical treatment must be immobilized in a cast for 4 to 6 weeks. The tendency is to perform direct suture of capsules and ligaments for the first posttraumatic weeks, tenoplasty operations before 2-3 months and fusion in cases with persistent, chronic instability.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1990

Purification and characterization of HeLa endonuclease R. A G-specific mammalian endonuclease.

We previously reported a double-stranded endonuclease from HeLa cells, endonuclease R (endo R), which specifically cleaves duplex DNA at sites rich in G.C base pairs. In this report we describe the purification of endo R to near homogeneity by conventional and affinity chromatography. The molecular mass of the active form of endo R is approximately 115-125 kDa. SDS-gel electrophoresis reveals a major protein species of 100 kDa. The enzyme requires Mg2+ as a cofactor and is equally active on closed circular and linear duplex DNA substrates that contain G-rich sequences. A 50% reduction in cleavage activity is observed with Ca2+ ions and no double-stranded cleavage occurs with Zn2+. Use of Mn2+ causes an altered specificity at low concentrations of enzyme or divalent metal ion and nonspecific degradation of the substrate at higher concentrations. Endo R is strongly inhibited by sodium or potassium chloride and exhibits a wide pH optimum of 6.0-9.0. The pI of the enzyme is between 6.5 and 7.0. A 2-fold stimulation is observed with the addition of dGTP or dATP but specific cleavage is inhibited by ATP at an equivalent concentration. Cleavage activity is competitively inhibited 10-fold more efficiently by single-stranded poly(dG)12 than by other DNA competitors. The ends of endo R cleavage products contain 5'-phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl groups, and a significant portion of these products were substrates for T4 DNA ligase. Endo R appears to be a previously uncharacterized mammalian endonuclease.

Base Composition↗
PubMed1990

Substrate specificity of HeLa endonuclease R. A G-specific mammalian endonuclease.

We examined the substrate specificity of endonuclease R (endo R) a mammalian endonuclease that cleaves G.C-rich DNA sequences. The best substrates for double-stranded cleavage were homopolymeric stretches of poly(dG).poly(dC). Plasmids which contain other G-rich sequences were also cleaved but at a reduced frequency. These included the telomeric sequences, d(G4T2) and d(G2-6A), which were cleaved at approximately one-third the frequency of d(G)n.d(C)n. The alternating copolymer d(GA) and the terminal sequences of adeno-associated virus d(G1-3T/A) were also cut. Poly(dA).poly(dT) and the alternating copolymer d(GC)n were not detectably cleaved. Although endo R has a nicking activity which converts supercoiled plasmids to nicked circular DNA, the nicking activity is random with respect to plasmid sequences. Specific cleavage of G-rich sequences appears to occur by a concerted double-stranded mechanism. The cleavage pattern within the G-rich runs suggests that cleavage can occur anywhere within the G-rich region. Product ligation experiments indicate that a limited number of cleavage events (1-2) occur/molecule. Inasmuch as the best substrates for endo R are d(G)n.d(C)n and telomeric sequences, we suggest that endo R may directly recognize and cleave DNA that contains G.G base pairing.

Base Composition↗
PubMed1990

Interest and possibilities of performing post-operative registration of wound infections in Danish orthopaedic departments. A study survey.

Surgical wound infections, like other nosocomial infections, represent a considerable burden on both the individual patient and society. As the direct result of the operation is less than optimal, and there is a considerable economic wastage. A questionnaire survey including all 69 surgical departments in Denmark was implemented. The present study indicates interest in continuous post-operative infection surveillance in 81% of the 52 answering Danish surgical departments, where orthopaedic surgery is carried out. Only about the half of the wards had financial possibilities to buy computer hardware and software for continuous registration. In Denmark only between one third and one half of the wards had prior experience with registration systems. None of the wards used the same system, and in a very few cases the registration was continuous, definitions were different and the amount of data registered varied considerably. The survey indicates the importance of establishment of uniform registration criteria and the Danish chief surgeons will accept criteria defined by a working group within the Danish Orthopedic Society. An expanded registration system developed by this working party was preferred over a 'simple' minimum data base system. Most departments wanted local registration only, and doctors and secretaries in unison should perform the daily registration.

Denmark↗
PubMed1990

The herpes simplex virus type 1 UL42 gene product: a subunit of DNA polymerase that functions to increase processivity.

Genetic experiments have shown that the products of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) DNA polymerase (UL30) and UL42 genes are both required for viral DNA replication, and a number of studies have suggested that these two proteins specifically interact. We have confirmed and extended these findings. The viral DNA polymerase from HSV-1-infected cells has been purified as a complex containing equimolar quantities of the UL30 (Pol, the catalytic subunit) and UL42 polypeptides. Sedimentation and gel filtration analyses of this complex are consistent with the idea that the complex consists of a heterodimer of Pol and UL42. A complex with identical physical and functional properties was also purified from insect cells coinfected with recombinant baculoviruses expressing the two polypeptides. Therefore, the formation of the Pol-UL42 complex does not require the participation of any other HSV-encoded protein. We have compared the catalytic properties of the Pol-UL42 complex with those of the isolated subunits of the enzyme purified from recombinant baculovirus-infected insect cells. The specific activity of the catalytic subunit alone was nearly identical to that of the complex when assayed on activated DNA. When assayed on a defined template such as singly primed M13 DNA, however, the combination of Pol and UL42 utilized fewer primers and formed larger products than Pol alone. Template challenge experiments demonstrated that the Pol-UL42 complex was more highly processive than Pol alone. Our data are consistent with the idea that the UL42 polypeptide is an accessory subunit of the DNA polymerase that acts to increase the processivity of polymerization.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Episodes of illness and medical service in a geographically isolated mine village in Greenland.

A study of all episodes of medical contact in a one year period was performed. 19% of the episodes required sick leave. In all groups the employees single contact due to obligatory medical certificates in case of absence were prevalent. Persons with a seniority of more than five years had about 50% more medical contacts. The threshold for medical contact in Greenlanders was lower probably due to a higher number of women and to the acculturative stress. A higher frequency of episodes of illness among leading managers and other executives in the top of the hierarchy and absence of occupational diseases and injuries were characteristic of this group of employees.

Cold Climate↗
PubMed1990

The pattern of medical contacts in a geographically isolated mine village in Greenland.

315 persons represented 708 consecutive episodes of illness during a one year period. 13% of the episodes and 22% of all days of sick leave were due to occupational reasons. The most frequent occupational complaints were hearing-impairment and back pain. The most frequent type of occupational injury were lesions of the eyes, hands and wrists. Only 32% of all occupational episodes were notified to the authorities of health and safety at work as the work was resumed at least the day after the injury in 73% of the cases. The surveillance of blood lead concentration worked satisfactorily. Only one employee was a suspected victim of lead poisoning. The modest medical equipment and the isolated character of the mine village made it necessary to refer patients for further treatment elsewhere in 14% of the cases.

Greenland↗
PubMed1989

Impact of juvenile arthritis on families. An educational assessment.

State of the art patient education programs have as their goals changes in behaviors, coping styles, health status, and/or costs. The accomplishment of these goals often involves not only the patient but also his or her whole family. This is especially true if the patient is a child. Based on this premise, we undertook an educational needs assessment of 50 children with juvenile arthritis (JA) and their families. Through utilization of a grounded theory methodology, open-ended questionnaires were completed by JA children, their parents, and their siblings. The resulting analysis suggests (1) the need for family-based education, (2) differing needs of various family members, and (3) several hypotheses for further study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Skeletal tuberculosis. Two case reports with a delay in diagnosis.

The presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the olecranon simulated a "warm" bursitis. In another case a stiff knee due to osteitis in childhood was treated with an arthrodesis because of a confusing story of new trauma. Reactivation of previously unrecognized oseoarticular tuberculosis followed. Both patients had negative cultures in ordinary medium at the time of the onset of symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Exogenous GM1 gangliosides protect against retrograde degeneration following posterior neocortex lesions in developing hamsters.

Developing and adult hamsters received unilateral neocortex aspiration lesions and were then treated daily with exogenous ganglioside (GM1, 30 mg/kg, i.p.). When lesions were made at the age of two weeks, GM1-treated animals had less shrinkage of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus compared to controls. Although a similar observation was made in adults, the effect was not as striking. Thus, GM1-treatment reduces retrograde degeneration after neocortical lesions and this effect is most pronounced during early development.

Animals↗