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Biomedical subjects

J Gordon

Publications and source records attributed to J Gordon.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Male infertility practice and Orthodox Jewish law.

The evaluation and management of infertility problems in Orthodox Jewish couples can be made difficult because of restrictions which may be imposed by religious rules. The origins of the religious laws governing semen collection, diagnostic and therapeutic genital surgery, menstruation, and homologous and donor insemination are reviewed. Contemporary rabbinic authorities are quoted; their opinions may serve as guidelines for the patient and urologist dealing with infertility problems.

Female↗
PubMed1977

Contraceptive steroids and liver lesions.

Concern has been expressed about the possible untoward effect of oral contraceptives on the liver. During the past 10 yr an increasing number of cases of hepatic adenomas and related lesions has been reported in women using oral contraceptives. Such lesions occur only rarely, but it is the rarity itself that makes it difficult to evaluate the role of the contraceptive steroids. The enormity of the denominator in contraceptive steroid usage is so unwieldy that mechanisms to measure accurately the difference in an extremely small numerator are still plaguing the epidemiologist, who at best can supply only estimates. The data to date support an exceedingly low incidence of disease. This is much below the greater risks faced in accepted activities of daily living, particularly as affected by pregnancy itself. A plea is made to develop programs for better prospective evaluations of newer medications along with better animal experimental models.

Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury↗
PubMed1977

Delayed hypersensitivity: indicator of acquired failure of host defenses in sepsis and trauma.

Primary failure of host defense mechanisms has been associated with increased infection and mortality. Anergy, the failure of delayed hypersensitivity response, has been shown to identify surgical patients at increased risk for sepsis and related mortality. The anergic and relatively anergic patients whose skin tests failed to improve had a mortality rate of 74.4%, whereas those who improved their responses had a mortality rate of 5.1% (P < 0.001). This study documents abnormalities of neutrophil chemotaxis, T-lymphocyte rosetting in anergic patients and the effect of autologous serum. These abnormalities may account for the increased infection and mortality rates in anergic patients. Skin testing with five standard antigens has identified 110 anergic (A) or relatively anergic (RA) patients in whom neutrophil chemotaxis (CTX) and bactericidal function (NBF), T-lymphocyte rosettes, mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC), cell-mediated lympholysis (CML), and blastogenic factor (BF) were studied. The MLC, CML and BF were normal in the patients studied, and were not clinically helpful. Neutrophil CTX in 19 controls was 117.5 +/- 1.6 u whereas in 40 A patients, neutrophils migrated 81.7 +/- 2.3 u and in 15 RA patients 97.2 +/- 3.8 u (P < 0.01). In 14 patients whose skin tests converted to normal, neutrophil migration improved from 78.2 +/- 5.4 u to 107.2 +/- 4.0 u (P < 0.01). Incubation of A or control neutrophils in A serum reduced migration in A patients from 93 +/- 3.7 u to 86.2 +/- 3.5 u (P < 0.01) and in normals from 121.2 +/- 1.6 u to 103.6 +/- 2.6 u (P < 0.001). The per cent rosette forming cells in 66 A patients was 42.5 +/- 3.1 compared to 53.6 +/- 2.8 in normal responders (P < 0.02). Incubation of normal lymphocytes in anergic serum further reduced rosetting by 30%. Restoration of delayed hypersensitivity responses and concurrent improvement in cellular and serum components of host defense were correlated with maintenance of adequate nutrition and aggressive surgical drainage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The biosynthesis and characterization of unreleased IgM in a case of CLL.

Intracellular IgM k is described in a case of CLL. The intracellular immunoglobulin occurred as amorphous spherical globules enclosed by rough endoplastic reticulum in the cytoplasms of the neoplastic lymphocytes. No abnormal IgM paraprotein could be found in the serum nor was there any Bence Jones protein detectable in concentrated urine. Biosynthetic studies confirmed the cells were able to synthesize IgM k immunoglobulin. On sizing gel analysis the intracellular IgM occurred as 7S monomer. The biosynthesis studies did not indicate secretion of IgM and was consistent with the serological findings. However, cells in culture secreted k light chain into the supernatant medium. It appears in this case that the secretory block is operating against heavy chain and not against free light chain. Some explanations for these findings are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Color vision in the peripheral retina. I. Spectral sensitivity.

Spectral sensitivity was measured by heterochromatic flicker photometry both in the fovea and at 45 degrees in the periphery, using a 1200 troland standard. At each location, sensitivity functions were obtained using both large and small targets. While the foveal functions were normal, the peripheral ones showed a large enhancement in sensitivity to short wavelengths relative to long wavelengths. Similar results in the past had been criticized on the ground that they might have been due to differential chromatic adaptation of cone mechanisms. In this study such an interpretation was ruled out by additional control experiments including varying luminance and wavelength of the standard light. The possibility of a rod contribution to the peripheral functions could not be eliminated although several different techniques, including the Stiles-Crawford effect, were used to try to isolate cone mechanisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Color vision in the peripheral retina. II. Hue and saturation.

Hue and saturation of spectral lights were measured (direct scaling) in the fovea and at 45 degrees in the periphery; all lights were of equal photopic retinal illuminance (1200 trolands). At each retinal location both large and small targets were used. As shown by previous studies, small peripheral targets appear desaturated and of uncertain hue, except long wavelengths which appear red. However, if target size is increased, saturation increases and a full range of hues is seen; the hue functions for large peripheral targets are comparable to foveal ones for very small targets. From a modified form of color matching, it was concluded that the color deficiency in the periphery is more tritanlike than deutanlike; this is strengthened by the observation, that, for small peripheral targets, hues are generally apportioned between two hue categories and the change from one to the other is at about 580 nm.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Biosynthesis and characterization of intracellular IgDkappa in a case of CLL.

A case of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) with diffuse intracellular IgDkappa is reported. No serum paraprotein or urinary Bence-Jones protein were detected. No surface immunoglobulin was found on the neoplastic lymphocytes, but the cells had receptors for Fcgamma and the C3 component of complement consistent with other cases of CLL. Biosynthetic studies confirmed that the cells synthesized IgDkappa but there was no evidence for secretion of IgD into the culture medium. The cells did not produce Ig of any other class. The intracellular IgD occurred predominantly as deltakappa units with no covalent links between the chains. These findings are discussed.

Binding Sites, Antibody↗
PubMed1977

Immunoglobulin expression and synthesis by human haemic cell lines.

Twenty-six human cell lines derived from a variety of lymphoid and non-lymphoid malignancies, were investigated for their immunological markers, with special reference to the class of immunoglobulin expressed. Twenty-five of the lines stained positively for surface immunoglobulin and IgD together with IgM proved to be the major immunoglobulin classes on these cells. Six of the lines were chosen for a study of their immunoglobulin synthesis patterns over an 18-h period and the immunoglobulin produced was analysed on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Patterns obtained from the cell lines were similar to that from normal lymph node lymphocytes and differed markedly to plasma cells. Two of the cell lines had abnormal immunoglobulin synthesis patterns characterized as free light chains in one case. The cell lines are evaluated for their usefulness as models of immunoglobulin synthesis and analogues of normal and neoplastic states.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1976

Failure of XX cells containing the sex reversed gene to produce gametes in allophenic mice.

Allophenic mice have been produced by combining embryos from normal albino mice with embryos of normally pigmented mice carrying the autosomal dominent gene for sex reversed (Sxr) in order to determine the ability of XXSxr cells to differentiate either into sperm or eggs. Sixteen male and six female allophenes have thus far produced more than 1,200 offspring, none of which arose from an XXSxr primordial germ cell. Two allophenic mice were sterile hermaphrodites, and 13 others have yet to be tested. These results indicated that an XX cell is incapable of spermatogenesis even when supplied with the male determining Sxr gene, and that this gene also prevents XX cells from undergoing oogenesis. The latter result contrasts with a previous report of a functional sex reversed oocyte in the mouse.

Animals↗