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Biomedical subjects

J Gordon

Publications and source records attributed to J Gordon.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Lateral ventricular enlargement and clinical response in schizophrenia.

The relationship between enlargement of the lateral ventricles in the brains of schizophrenic patients and clinical response to neuroleptic treatment, as assessed by the ventricle-brain ratio (VBR) and psychopathology scores, was studied in a sample of 39 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective psychosis during a drug-free washout and after 3 1/2 weeks of treatment with either haloperidol or thioridazine. There was a weak, but statistically significant positive relationship between VBR and improvement on BPRS Psychosis factor scores after 3 1/2 weeks of treatment, and a negative correlation between VBR and baseline (washout) scores on the BPRS Anergia factor. Patients with enlarged VBRs, as defined by two criteria, also tended to show a better response to neuroleptics than patients below these criterion values.

Brain↗
PubMed1985

Environmental influences on locomotor recovery following cortical lesions in rats.

Groups of rats were exposed to an enriched environment 2 hr per day for 30 days during the immediate pre- and/or postoperative period, or not at all. Animals in four of these groups sustained lesions in the bilateral sensorimotor cortex. One sham-operated control group was enriched pre- and postoperatively; a second control group was not. Animals were trained preoperatively to locomote across a narrow elevated runway. Testing on the locomotor task began 31 days after surgery and continued until preoperative performance levels were achieved. Preoperative enrichment had the most potent influence on initial deficit and recovery of locomotion. Animals that were enriched preoperatively failed to demonstrate any deficit postoperatively, and the topology of their hindlimb movement appeared to be normal. In preoperatively impoverished animals, postoperative enrichment reduced the degree of initial deficit and speeded recovery of locomotion when compared with animals not enriched at all. However, preoperatively impoverished rats demonstrated an aberrant topology of hindlimb movement even after they were "behaviorally recovered".

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Complete nucleotide sequence of dog heart creatine kinase mRNA: conservation of amino acid sequence within and among species.

Creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) plays an important role in energy metabolism in brain and muscle. Expression of CK isoenzymes is regulated during development and is tissue specific. To define the structures of canine CK isoenzymes and to elucidate the mechanism of regulation in their expression, CK cDNA clones from dog myocardium were isolated. Myocardial CK mRNA is predicted to encode a protein of 381 amino acids. The nontranslated regions of the mRNA comprise at least 38 bases at the 5' end and exactly 345 bases before the poly(A) tail. Partial protein sequences of dog muscle (M) CK and brain (B) CK subunits were determined and compared with the derived amino acid sequence of the myocardial enzyme and of M CK subunits of other species. The M CK subunits from different species share a very high degree (83-96%) of sequence identity. Dog M and B subunits share extensive sequence identity (74%), a degree of similarity not previously suspected. Southern blot analysis suggests that a CK gene family exists. These observations imply that evolutionary changes in the M CK subunit structure are constrained by the need for preservation of functional properties other than the kinase activity. This conservation is consistent with the possibility that the M subunit plays a structural role in cardiac and skeletal muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Aztreonam in human serum and breast milk.

Serum and milk concentrations of aztreonam were studied in 12 lactating, healthy subjects over the 8 h period after the administration of a single intramuscular or intravenous 1 g dose. Milk concentrations of aztreonam were found to be much lower than serum concentrations at all time points after both routes of injection. Peak milk concentrations of aztreonam averaged less than 1% of peak serum concentrations. Times to peak concentrations averaged 6 and 10 times longer in milk than in serum after intramuscular and intravenous injections, respectively. The low milk levels, as well as the previously determined poor oral absorption of aztreonam, suggest a low risk of untoward effects in the nursing infant.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A combination of calcium ionophore and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) stimulates the growth of purified resting B cells.

In this study we investigated whether the calcium ionophores A23187 and ionomycin can act synergistically with the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) to stimulate the growth of resting B lymphocytes purified from human tonsil cells. Ionomycin, A23187, and TPA added separately to cultures at doses of 0.4-1.6 micrograms/ml, 0.2-0.8 micrograms/ml, and 0.05-0.25 ng/ml respectively, did not induce DNA synthesis in resting B lymphocytes. In contrast, calcium ionophores at concentrations of 0.4-1.6 micrograms/ml ionomycin and 0.2-0.8 micrograms/ml A23187, in the presence of 0.05-4 ng/ml TPA, induced marked DNA synthesis and B-cell proliferation, as shown by analyses of incorporation of [3H]thymidine, growth kinetics, and the percentage of cells in the S and G2 + M phases of the cell cycle. These results show that the synergistic effects of calcium ionophores and TPA can bypass the requirement for antigen and exogenous growth factors in B-cell activation. These observations are similar to those obtained from studies of T lymphocytes by other workers.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1985

Superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery anastomosis: effects on vascular, neurologic, and neuropsychological functions.

In 44 patients, we studied the effects of superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery anastomosis on cerebral blood flow (CBF), neurologic examination, and cognitive functions. At 3 months, there was significant improvement in all variables. At 9 months, CBF was no longer significantly greater, but neurologic examination and cognitive functions had further improved. Patients with TIA had significant postoperative decreases in TIA frequency and did not progress to stroke, but had no significant changes in any variable. In stroke patients, we could not separate the effects of surgery from the natural evolution of changes in CBF and examination after stroke. None of the preoperative measurements predicted postoperative clinical improvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Efficacy of clindamycin hydrochloride in refractory periodontitis. 12-month results.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of clindamycin hydrochloride as an adjunct to conventional periodontal therapy in the treatment of patients who had previously been unsuccessfully treated with scaling, periodontal surgery and the use of tetracycline. Thirteen patients with a history of "refractory" periodontitis were thoroughly scaled and monitored by repeated attachment level measurements for the presence of active destructive periodontitis. Disease activity was defined as a 3-mm loss in attachment from baseline measurements or the occurrence of a periodontal abscess. When active disease was detected, each patient was scaled again and placed on clindamycin hydrochloride 150 mg qid for 7 days. Following the adjunctive use of clindamycin in combination with scaling, the incidence of gingival sites demonstrating active disease in the group of 13 patients decreased from an annual rate of 10.7 to 0.5%. Each patient demonstrated a decreased incidence of active sites per unit of time. Clinical parameters such as probing depth, gingival redness, bleeding on probing and suppuration showed dramatic improvement at 12 months after clindamycin therapy. The percentage of pockets with probing depths greater than 6 mm, 4 to 6 mm and 1 to 3 mm changed from 11 to 2%, 38 to 24% and 51 to 74% respectively, following clindamycin therapy as compared to scaling alone. The percentage of sites bleeding on probing decreased from 33% after scaling alone to 8% following clindamycin and scaling. Gingival redness decreased from 36 to 1% of sites. Suppuration also decreased from 8% of buccal or lingual surfaces after scaling alone to 1% of surfaces following scaling and clindamycin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Surface marker characterization of EBV target cells in normal blood and tonsil B lymphocyte populations.

Human FACS-sorted B lymphocyte subpopulations were investigated for their susceptibility to immortalization by Epstein Barr virus (EBV). Only B cells reacting with the monoclonal antibody B2 were immortalized, whereas cells reacting with anti-human IgG or the monoclonal antibody BB2 were not responding. Cells positive or negative for IgM, IgD, Burkitt's lymphoma antigen (BLA), BB1, and HB2 were all transformed by EBV.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1985

Autocrine models of B-lymphocyte growth. I. Role of cell contact and soluble factors in T-independent B-cell responses.

The requirements for triggering human B cells to DNA synthesis by T-independent polyclonal activators were examined. Optimal S phase entry of purified resting B cells infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or confronted with killed particles of Staphylococcus aureus Cowan Strain I (SAC) required a high density of cells in culture. Experiments varying culture vessel geometry and culture volumes revealed that the initial limiting quantity was a soluble activity generated in the B-cell cultures. A parallel observation was noted in the requirements for the sustained growth of EBV-transformed lymphoblasts. Autostimulatory soluble factors harvested from such cultures were able to augment DNA synthesis in low density cultures of resting cells triggered by EBV or SAC. Below a critical cell number, however, soluble factors by themselves, were not sufficient either for supporting primary B-cell responses or for maintaining the proliferation of transformed lymphoblasts. By employing conditions which encouraged cell contact it was found that a second, non-harvestable factor requiring cell proximity for its action was also necessary to promote B-cell growth. The implications of these findings for autocrine and paracrine models of B-cell activation are discussed.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1985

Chronic Giardia muris infection in anti-IgM-treated mice. I. Analysis of immunoglobulin and parasite-specific antibody in normal and immunoglobulin-deficient animals.

To investigate the role of B cells and antibody in the immune response of mice to the murine intestinal parasite Giardia muris, we used mice treated from birth with rabbit anti-IgM antisera (aIgM). Such mice developed in serum and in gut secretions extreme Ig deficiency (IgM, IgA, and IgG) relative to control animals. The aIgM-treated mice showed no anti-G. muris antibody in serum or in gut wash material. Infections of G. muris in these mice were chronic, with a high load of parasite present in the small bowel, as reflected by prolonged cyst excretion (greater than 11 wk) and high trophozoite counts. In contrast, normal, untreated mice or NRS-treated animals developed anti-parasite IgA and IgG antibody in serum, demonstrated IgA antibody against the parasite in gut washings, and expelled the parasite within 9 wk. These effects of aIgM treatment on the murine response to primary infection with G. muris were demonstrated in two strains of mice: BALB/c and (C57BL/6 X C3H/He) F1. It was also observed that the response to G. muris infection in untreated animals was characterized by higher than normal total secretion of IgA into the gut and a concomitant increase in the serum polymeric IgA level. Mice treated with aIgM had a marked decrease of both monomeric and polymeric IgA in serum, and little detectable IgA in the intestinal lumen. These experiments provide the first demonstration that anti-IgM treatment suppresses a specific intestinal antibody response to antigen, and provide evidence that B cells and antibody play a role in the development of an effective response to a primary infection with G. muris in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Murine polyspecific antibodies. I. Monoclonal and serum anti-DNA antibodies cross-reactive with 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl derivatives.

Six anti-DNA hybridoma autoantibodies were prepared by fusing spleen cells from unimmunized MRL/MpJ/lpr/lpr female mice with BALB/c myeloma cells. The monoclonal antibodies were analyzed by solid-phase ELISA for antigen-binding specificities. Three antibodies (62A2, 85A5, and 43B2) bound ssDNA, TNP-KLH, and recognized an epitope(s) present on insolubilized proteins such as BSA, KLH, ferritin, and insulin. The antibodies bound, with a marked preference, TNP-KLH, either soluble or insoluble. The other three antibodies (35A1, 32C5, and 39D2) bound only ssDNA. However, this binding was inhibited by free flavinic acid. None of the six antibodies bound either cardiolipin or proteoglycans, indicating that they do not recognize the repeating negatively charge units common to cardiolipin, proteoglycans, and DNA. All six monoclonal antibodies were purified by affinity chromatography with TNP-Sepharose. Moreover, both anti-DNA and anti-TNP antibodies from sera of nonautoimmune and autoimmune mice were purified easily on TNP-Sepharose.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A multidot immunobinding assay for autoimmune testing: evaluation for the diagnosis and management of connective tissue diseases.

Multidot immunobinding assays were evaluated for applicability to connective tissue diseases. Four groups of human sera [(a) healthy, (b) miscellaneous diseases, (c) rheumatoid arthritis and (d) other connective tissue diseases] were used to obtain profiles comprising antibodies against DNA, various subcellular components and rheumatoid factor (RF). Qualitative correlation with standard tests for antinuclear factor and RF was shown. Statistically significant ranges of titer for groups (c) and (d) were obtained, and monitoring individual patients during the progression of disease was demonstrated.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1984

Soluble factor requirements for the autostimulatory growth of B lymphoblasts immortalized by Epstein-Barr virus.

B lymphoblasts immortalized by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) exhibit autocrine growth stimulation--that is they release a soluble activity to which they respond by growth. A minimally supplemented serum-free medium conditioned by lymphoblastoid cells in their log phase of growth (LCL-CM) was found to contain autostimulatory activity allowing us to explore the mechanism of autocrine growth for these cell-types in defined conditions. Below cell densities capable of supporting autonomous growth, continued proliferation in serum-free medium was dependent on both added LCL-CM and transferrin. Neither activity alone was capable of sustaining growth. At higher cell densities, transferrin by itself was sufficient to maintain the autocrine loop. The action of the autostimulatory factor appeared to reside in its ability to prime cells continually for a proliferative response to transferrin by enhancing the expression of transferrin receptors at the lymphoblast surfaces. The implications of these findings for normal B cell physiology and their possible relation to oncogenesis are discussed.

B-Lymphocytes↗