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Biomedical subjects

J Goldsmith

Publications and source records attributed to J Goldsmith.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Sadism revisited.

Sadism has been for a long time, among psychoanalytic and other writers, the subject of extensive theorizing and controversy. This paper takes a fresh look at the many dimensions (sexual, characterological, neurotic, psychotic, neurological) of this old aberrations.

Adult↗
PubMed1973

Regulation of Nitrate Uptake in Penicillium chrysogenum by Ammonium Ion.

A nitrate uptake system is induced (along with nitrate reductase) when NH(4) (+)-grown Penicillium chrysogenum is incubated with inorganic nitrate in synthetic medium in the absence of NH(4) (+). Nitrate uptake and nitrate reduction are probably in steady state in fully induced mycelium, but the ratios of the two activities are not constant during the induction period. Substrate concentrations of ammonium cause a rapid decay of nitrate uptake and nitrate reductase activity. The two activities are differentially inactivated (the uptake activity being more sensitive). Glutamine and asparagine are as effective as NH(4) (+) in suppressing nitrate uptake activity. Glutamate and alanine were about half as effective as NH(4) (+). Cycloheximide interferes with the NH(4) (+)-induced decay of nitrate uptake activity. The ammonium transport system is almost maximally deinhibited (or derepressed) in nitrate-grown mycelium.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cancer incidence and risks in selected agricultural settlements in the Negev of Israel.

Medical staff of two Negev kibbutzim invited epidemiologists to help them investigate cancer rates among their members. Our objectives were (a) to determine whether the cancer rate in the kibbutzim was elevated or abnormal and (b) to determine the role of agricultural and other relevant exposures if cancer incidence was elevated. We validated cases of cancer by kibbutz records and by surveying other information; we computed expected values on the basis of the age-sex-calendar period and site-specific cancer incidence rates reported by the Israel Cancer Registry for the entire population; and we compared the data for the 2 kibbutzim with data derived for similar age and sex groups in 2 other kibbutzim, which were assumed not to have increased cancer rates. In addition, we planned and conducted a case-referent study, including the design, pretest, and use of questionnaires, including data about lifetime exposures (i.e., type of work and its duration, agricultural and industrial chemicals, smoking and alcohol use, demographic variables, health experiences, and family history). In only one of the kibbutzim, for which high cancer rates were suspected, was there significant excess for all sites in persons who were less than 40 y of age. In one of the "comparison" kibbutzim, we found increased cancer rates overall. Much of the excess in the high cancer kibbutzim was in hematological cancer (i.e., leukemia and lymphoma). Multiple years of work in fields, orchards, and landscape, as well as orchard work that commenced before 1960, were associated with increased risk of cancer (p < .08). We also found an association between cancer rate and numbers of industrial chemicals used (p < .08). Pipe and cigarette smoking were also associated with increased cancer incidence. In the multivariate analysis, the association with calendar year in which orchard work was started and multiple exposures to industrial chemicals was stronger than associations noted in the univariate analyses. Although duration of agricultural work or multiple industrial exposures were clearly associated with increase in cancer risk, we were unable to identify the causal role of specific agent(s). Nonetheless, educational programs for cancer prevention can be based, in part, on the results of such a study.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nonresponse to hepatitis B vaccine in homosexual men.

Of 479 homosexual men immunized with three 20-microgram doses of the hepatitis B vaccine, approximately 15% failed to develop protective titers of antibody to the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (greater than 10 sample ratio units [SRU]). We revaccinated 34 nonresponders with an additional three doses of vaccine and compared their immunologic status with that of 14 control men who had responded to initial vaccination. Most men (15 of 19) who had measurable antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (SRU, 2.1-9.9) after initial vaccination responded to revaccination, whereas ten of the remaining 15 nonresponders (SRU, less than 2.1) did not. No single immunologic measure distinguished ultimate responders from nonresponders; however, the initial responders differed from delayed responders and nonresponders by having higher numbers of total lymphocytes, B, T, and T helper and suppressor cells.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dibromochloropropane-induced reduction of the sex-ratio in man.

The present study evaluated the effect of paternal exposure to Dibromochloropropane (DBCP) during its production, on the sex ratio of offsprings conceived during the exposure period. The study population consisted of 30 families of which 13 fathers became azoospermic, 8 oligozoospermic and 9 normozoospermic. Of the 89 pregnancies recorded, 68 culminated in the birth of live infants. The prevalence of male infants conceived during the pre-exposure period was 52.9% , in contrast to 35.2% for boys conceived during exposure. For the combined azoospermic and oligozoospermic groups, a significantly low prevalence of male infants of 16.6% (p less than 0.025) was found. It is concluded that paternal exposure to DBCP during its production process is associated with a significant decrease in the sex ratio of offsprings conceived during the exposure period. This drop in the sex ratio might be a reflection of the early effect of DBCP on male reproductive performance before a state of severe testicular dysfunction and infertility is reached.

Antinematodal Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The Internet and managed care: a new wave of innovation.

Managed care firms have been under siege in the political system and the marketplace for the past few years. The rise of the Internet has brought into being powerful new electronic tools for automating administrative and financial processes in health insurance. These tools may enable new firms or employers to create custom-designed networks connecting their workers and providers, bypassing health plans altogether. Alternatively, health plans may use these tools to create a new consumer-focused business model. While some disintermediation of managed care plans may occur, the barriers to adoption of Internet tools by established plans are quite low. Network computing may provide important leverage for health plans not only to retain their franchises but also to improve their profitability and customer service.

Case Management↗