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J Goldman

Publications and source records attributed to J Goldman.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Carbendazim-induced alterations of reproductive development and function in the rat and hamster.

We are developing a data base that will allow us to select endpoints that would be useful in the detection of reproductive toxicity in a multigenerational test. In this effort, carbendazim (MBC), a known reproductive toxicant, was administered to male and female rats from weaning, through puberty, gestation, and lactation. A similar study was conducted with hamsters. In rats, MBC was administered at 0, 50, 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg/day. Hamsters were dosed at 0 or 400 mg/kg/day. In the parent (P0) generation, landmarks of puberty were measured. In females, estrous cyclicity, litter size, the number of implants, organ weights, and histology were assessed. Our assessment of the male rat included organ weights, testicular and epididymal sperm counts, a quantitative measure of sperm motility, sperm morphology, testicular histology, and endocrine measures. The growth, viability, and reproductive function of the offspring (F1) were observed during a 4-month period of continuous breeding. In the P0 of both species. MBC did not alter pubertal development, growth, or viability. The reproductive potential of the rats treated with MBC at 200 and 400 mg/kg/day was reduced due to effects on sperm production and fetal viability. In the male rat, MBC treatment markedly altered sperm morphology, testicular and epididymal weights, and sperm numbers and testicular histology. Fertility, sperm motility, and hormonal levels were altered, primarily in the males with very low sperm counts. The ability to conceive did not appear to involve a female factor. In P0 female rats, MBC administration caused postimplantation losses in the high-dosage groups and a few malformed rat pups were found in the litters from the 100 and 200 treatment groups. MBC was less toxic to the hamster than the rat. The only reproductive effects induced by MBC treatment were on sperm measures. Fertility of the P0 generation and fetal and neonatal (F1) viability were not decreased by MBC administration. In the male rat, testis weight, sperm numbers in the cauda epididymis and testis and sperm morphology were sensitive to the effects of MBC. In females, counting implantation scars at necropsy was useful, as this information allowed us to confirm pregnancy and identify postimplantation losses induced by MBC administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Ipratropium bromide: are patients treated with optimal therapy?

A double-blind crossover placebo controlled study was performed on 20 patients with stable chronic asthma, in order to obtain dose response data to ipratropium bromide (40, 80, 200 micrograms) given by metered dose inhaler. The use of the 200 micrograms dose gave a significantly greater peak effect and duration of action than the recommended standard therapeutic dose of 40 micrograms. There were marked individual variations in response to higher doses. Maximum response detected by spirometry occurred within 24 hours of inhalation, thus patients likely to gain clinical benefit are readily identified. The higher dose was well tolerated by most patients and may have clinical application in the treatment of patients who do not respond to the standard dose regime.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

AIDS afterthought.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Stimulation of human T cell colony growth by a lymphocyte colony enhancement factor derived from lymphocyte subpopulations.

Blood mononuclear cells (MNC) develop into T cell colonies when the cells are sensitized with PHA and seeded in a two-layer soft agar system. Conditioned medium (CM) derived from MNC enhanced lymphocyte colony formation when it was added to the culture system. CFU-TL appear to be stimulated into colony formation by molecules secreted by lymphocyte subpopulations contained in the seeded cells. In this study, human peripheral blood MNC were fractionated by a battery of techniques into adherent, E+, CD4+, CD8+, B and null cells. CM was prepared from each of the subpopulations and its effects on T cell colony growth assayed. All the lymphocyte subpopulations were found to generate lymphocyte colony enhancement factor (LCEF). After several purification procedures, CM prepared from CD4 and CD8+, displayed LCEF activity corresponding to proteins of molecular weight 30-40 and 100-140 kD.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1990

The role of the MDR-1/P-170 mechanism in the development of multidrug resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia.

We studied blood and bone marrow cells from 42 patients with Ph-chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and 20 normal subjects for amplification of the multidrug resistance gene (MDR-1) by Southern blotting and for overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-170) by immunocytochemistry on intact cells with the monoclonal antibody C219. No P-170 could be detected in normal bone marrow or buffy coat. Overexpression of P-170 without amplification of MDR-1 was found in four of 11 patients with chronic phase CML at diagnosis, seven of 16 patients treated with busulfan or hydroxyurea in chronic phase and four of 15 patients in blast crisis. The P-170 overexpression involved only cells of the granulocyte lineage and varied from weak to strong in individual patients. It did not correlate with duration of or response to treatment during chronic phase. In transformation P-170 expression was seen in differentiated cells of the granulocyte lineage but not in blast cells, although three patients had been treated intensively with lipophilic and other cytotoxic drugs to which they had become resistant. We conclude that resistance to busulfan and hydroxyurea in chronic phase and resistance of blast cells to other cytotoxic drugs in transformation are not mediated primarily through the MDR-1/P-170 pathway.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMed1990

Allogeneic whole pancreas transplantation in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

A clinical whole organ pancreas transplantation program for patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus complicated by end-stage renal disease was initiated at Henry Ford Hospital in 1987. Five patients have received pancreatic allografts after a previous kidney transplant (phase 1), and six patients had simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplants (phase 2). Ten patients had functioning pancreatic grafts after surgery, and all of them had normal carbohydrate tolerance with appropriate plasma free insulin responses to an oral glucose tolerance test three months after transplantation. As long as 28 months postsurgery six patients remained free of insulin requirements; however, one patient rejected the pancreatic allograft, and three patients died because of cytomegalovirus pneumonia. Two of the latter patients had functioning pancreatic allografts at the time of their demise. These results compare favorably with those of the International Pancreas Transplant Registry which reflects the world experience. Pancreas transplantation is a unique experimental treatment with the potential of restoring euglycemia and improving the prognosis of insulin-dependent diabetic patients.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1990

Interstitial insertion of varying amounts of ABL-containing genetic material into chromosome 22 in Ph-negative CML.

We studied the cells from three selected patients with Ph-chromosome-negative chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) by Southern blotting, polymerase chain reaction, and in situ hybridization of informative probes to metaphase chromosomes. All three patients had rearrangement of M-BCR sequences in the BCR gene and expression of one or other of the mRNA species characteristic of Ph-positive CML. Leukemic metaphases studied after trypsin-Giemsa banding were indistinguishable from normal. The ABL probe localized both to chromosome 9 and 22 in each case. A probe containing 3' M-BCR sequences localized only to chromosome 22, and not to chromosome 9 as would be expected in Ph-positive CML. Two new probes that recognize different polymorphic regions distal to the ABL gene on chromosome 9 in normal subjects localized exclusively to chromosome 9 in two patients and to both chromosomes 9 and 22 in one patient. These results show that Ph-negative CML with BCR rearrangement is associated with insertion of a variable quantity of chromosome 9 derived material into chromosome 22q11; there is no evidence for reciprocal translocation of material from chromosome 22 to chromosome 9.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Successful pregnancies in women on regular hemodialysis treatment.

Successful pregnancies in women on regular hemodialysis treatment are infrequent but increasing. We present two such cases; both pregnancies were diagnosed early, and hemodialysis was intensified, leading to significant reductions in predialysis serum urea levels (70-100 mg/dl). One case was particularly unusual in that systemic lupus erythematosus was the underlying disease, and the patient had no residual renal function at the time of conception. Both patients delivered by cesarean section at 32 and 35 weeks, and their infants are well at ages 2 years and 18 months, respectively. The management and the complications associated with such pregnancies are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Use of pulsed field gel electrophoresis to characterize BCR gene involvement in CML patients lacking M-BCR rearrangement.

We studied the pattern of BCR involvement in 52 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia by Southern blotting. Of 33 Philadelphia (Ph)-positive patients, 30 had evidence of M-BCR rearrangement, two cases were difficult to interpret, and one clearly lacked evidence of M-BCR rearrangement. Of 19 Ph-negative patients, nine showed M-BCR rearrangement, nine showed no rearrangement, and one result was uncertain. We selected for more detailed study eight patients (three Ph-positive and five Ph-negative). Two of the Ph-positive patients, whose Southern blots were difficult to interpret, had rearranged bands when the BCR gene was studied by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results of PFGE studies and in situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes in the third Ph-positive patient, whose DNA clearly lacked M-BCR rearrangement on Southern analysis, were consistent with a breakpoint on chromosome 22 located 3' of all known exons of the BCR gene. However, mRNA studied with the polymerase chain reaction showed evidence of a classical b2-a2 linkage. The findings in this patient may be explained by an unusual genomic breakpoint downstream of the BCR gene associated with long range splicing that excluded all of the 3' BCR exons. Of the five patients with Ph-negative M-BCR non-rearranged CML studied by PFGE for BCR gene rearrangement, none had evidence of rearranged bands. We conclude that PFGE is a valuable adjunct to standard molecular techniques for the study of atypical cases of CML. Occasional patients with Ph-positive CML have breakpoints outside M-BCR. The BCR gene is probably not involved in patients with Ph-negative, M-BCR non-rearranged CML.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1989

Evaluating organizational design to assure technology transfer: the case of the Community Clinical Oncology Program.

Current theories of organizational performance are used to guide researchers at the Health Services Research Center of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the University of Illinois Survey Research Laboratory in the evaluation of the National Cancer Institute's Community Clinical Oncology Program (CCOP) and to derive policy options to enhance program operations. CCOP represents an innovative mechanism designed to improve the accrual of patients to phase III clinical trials, involve community-based oncologists in clinical research, and potentially to disseminate new information on the state-of-the-art cancer treatment to areas distant from cancer centers and research-oriented medical centers. Examined in this evaluation of the second phase of the CCOP are the ability of the 52 currently funded CCOPs and 17 research bases to accrue patients to cancer treatment and cancer control research protocols, their influence on the patterns of practice for cancer treatment in CCOP communities, and their influence on cancer control awareness and activity among primary care physicians. The evaluation applies selected organizational perspectives to describe the intraorganizational and interorganizational characteristics of the CCOPs, research bases, and the Institute that may affect the performance of the CCOP. This organizational approach relates the accrual and influence of the CCOP to controllable aspects of the program's design and management strategies that can be changed through policies directed by the National Cancer Institute. These policies include the criteria used to select CCOPs, the role of research bases in the development and implementation of treatment and cancer control research protocols, and the use of accrual credits.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1989

Altered glucose metabolism in microvessels from patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Microvessels isolated from temporal cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease showed decreased uptake of glucose when compared with vessels from age-matched or young control subjects. This was due to decreased hexokinase activity in the Alzheimer samples, as determined by ion exchange chromatography. This finding was confirmed independently by determination of the phosphorylation constant for hexokinase, K3, using positron emission tomography. The results suggest that Alzheimer's disease may result from a global defect in brain energy metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

A dose-response analysis of methoxychlor-induced alterations of reproductive development and function in the rat.

In the present study rats were dosed from weaning, through puberty and gestation, to Day 15 of lactation with methoxychlor at 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day. Morphological landmarks of puberty were measured, including the ages at vaginal opening, first estrus, and first estrous cycle in females and at preputial separation in males. In the female, estrous cyclicity, fertility, litter size, number of implantation sites, organ weights, and ovarian and uterine histology were also measured. The viability of the offspring (F1) and their fertility were evaluated using a continuous breeding protocol. Males were necropsied after breeding, the reproductive organs were weighed, and the cauda epididymal sperm counts were determined. One testis was used for histopathology, while the other was used to quantify interstitial fluid (IF) content, IF testosterone concentration, and testicular sperm production. Testosterone and androgen-binding protein were measured in the caput epididymis, and sperm motility and morphology were evaluated from a caudal sample. The serum and pituitary were saved for hormonal determinations. Methoxychlor accelerated the age at vaginal opening and first estrus, and the vaginal smears were cornified. Growth was retarded at 100 and 200 mg/kg/day and fertility was reduced when the females were bred with untreated or similarly treated males. In the highest-dose group, the mated females went from constant estrus into pseudopregnancy following mating, but they had no implants. In males, methoxychlor treatment markedly reduced growth, seminal vesicle weight, cauda epididymal weight, caudal sperm content, and pituitary weight. Puberty was delayed in the two highest-dosage groups. Testicular sperm measures were much less affected than caudal measures. Testis weight and histology were slightly affected, and testicular sperm production, sperm morphology, and motility were unaffected. Endocrine function of the testes and pituitary was altered by methoxychlor administration. Leydig cell testosterone production, in response to human chorionic gonadotropin challenge, was reduced and pituitary levels of prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were altered. In contrast, serum levels of prolactin, FSH, and luteinizing hormone were unaffected. Serum TSH was reduced by 50% of control at 100 and 200 mg/kg/day, while pituitary levels were increased. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone concentration in the mediobasal hypothalamus was also elevated. In spite of the many reproductive alterations, the fertility of treated males was not reduced when they were mated with untreated females.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The impact of spermatic vein ligation on the male factor in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer and its relation to testosterone levels before and after operation.

Criteria for improved semen quality after varicocele operations are not clear, as they do not express sperm fertilization capacity, its most important qualification. Twenty-two couples, 12 with mechanical female infertility (group I) and 10 with normal female fertility (group II), in whom the husband had subfertile semen in the presence of varicocele, and who had failed preoperative in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) attempts, were readmitted for the IVF-ET procedure following the repair of varicocele. In group I, a 20% pregnancy rate was achieved after the operation, while no pregnancies occurred before surgery. In group II, four pregnancies (40%) were achieved after operation. Plasma testosterone (T) levels demonstrated a significant increase in 50% of the patients in both groups after surgery, resulting in a concurrent improved fertilization, cleavage, and pregnancy rates.

Embryo Transfer↗
PubMed1989

Assessment of pancreatic islet-cell population in the hyperglycemic athymic nude mouse: immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and hormonal studies.

Previous studies in diabetic animal models have demonstrated altered pancreatic islet-cell populations. To further characterize the diabetic syndrome in our athymic nude mouse colony, we studied the population of endocrine cells in pancreatic islets of 4-week-old normoglycemic and 8-week-old hyperglycemic athymic nude (nu/nu) mice using immunohistochemistry, morphometry, and electron microscopy. In normoglycemic 4-week athymic nu/nu mice, the proportions of B (insulin-secreting) cells and A (glucagon-secreting) cells were similar to those in control Balb/c mice; however, the D (somatostatin-secreting) cells were significantly decreased in nu/nu mice. The populations of B and A cells appeared to be normal in hyperglycemic 8-week-old nu/nu mice while there was a significant increase in the proportion of D cells when compared with the proportion in Balb/c mice. Electron microscopic studies indicated that the appearance of B and A cells was similar in the 8-week-old hyperglycemic nu/nu and in controls; however, the D cells appeared to be enlarged and were finely packed with electron-dense secretory granules. Radioimmunoassays of the pancreatic content (micrograms/g fresh pancreas) of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin in pancreata in 8-week-old normal Balb/c and hyperglycemic athymic nude mice were similar; however, the somatostatin content was significantly increased in the 8-week-old hyperglycemic nu/nu mice compared with age and sex-matched controls. These results demonstrate an altered D cell population and an increase in somatostatin levels in the pancreatic islets of the hyperglycemic athymic nude mouse animal model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Changes in maternal and newborn lymphocyte reactivity in reciprocal mixed lymphocyte cultures during the postpartum period.

Reciprocal one-way mixed mother-newborn lymphocyte cultures (MMNLC) containing alternatively maternal or newborn responding (R) or stimulating (S) cells were investigated in both directions in primiparae at three different times: a few hours after delivery, and at 4 and at 16 weeks. Cultures were grown in the presence of maternal and pooled control serum prepared from the blood of five to eight unrelated healthy donors. Four weeks after delivery in maternal and in control serum a significant increase in MMNLC reactivity could be observed, which disappeared at 16 weeks when a pronounced decline in MMNLC values in both directions was found. The suppressive effect of maternal serum was more pronounced at delivery, still evident 4 weeks later, and insignificant after 16 weeks. The results of this study suggest that 4 weeks after delivery, maternal sensitization to fetal histocompatibility antigens can be detected in primiparae with MMNLC; and that 16 weeks later, this was no longer detectable with the same test.

Adult↗