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Biomedical subjects

J Goldman

Publications and source records attributed to J Goldman.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Identification and purification of human T-lymphocyte colony-enhancing factor, TLCEF: increased production by phorbol myristate acetate.

T-lymphocyte colony-enhancing factor (TLCEF), a growth factor for a minute subpopulation of T lymphocytes, is produced, along with other factors, by conditioned media (CM) of mononuclear cells following stimulation with T mitogens, such as phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). A combination of PHA and a co-mitogen, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), has been shown to have a synergistic effect on the production of TLCEF, yielding levels of activity eight to fifteen times higher than those obtained with either PHA or PMA alone. TLCEF was purified by ammonium sulphate, fractionation hydrophobic interaction chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose and gel filtration. The last step of this purification procedure yielded two peaks of activity purified 13,000- and 29,000-fold, respectively. The first peak eluted from the column with an average molecular weight of 125,000, whereas the second peak was retained on the gel, probably due to non-specific interactions with it. The purified fractions contained none of the following activities: T-cell growth factor (TCGF), colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1), interleukin-3 (IL-3) and interferon. TCGF activity, which is known to be unstable at high degrees of purification, was already lost after the ammonium sulphate fractionation step, most probably because of the low protein and albumin concentrations (0.33 and 0.11 mg/ml, respectively). TLCEF is thus a more stable immunoregulatory factor than TCGF and has a much higher apparent molecular weight.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1984

Regulation of human B-cell colony growth.

PHA-induced B-cell enriched populations from venous blood of healthy adults developed into B-cell colonies. Analyses of individual colonies revealed that 80-85% of the cells in each colony were surface membrane immunoglobulin positive. Most colonies, 84%, contained surface IgM-bearing cells. Only a few, 16%, were found with surface IgG-bearing cells. Surface IgM- and surface IgG-bearing cells were not observed in the same colony. Thirty-nine percent of the colonies contained cells bearing surface IgD in addition to either surface IgM- or surface IgG-bearing cells. There was no evidence of cytoplasmic immunoglobulin in the colony cells. The development of B-cell colonies was T-cell dependent; it appears that at least two different T-cell subpopulations, one with low density (D = 1.05) and the other with high density (D = 1.08) are responsible for this helper effect. Monocytes were found to inhibit B-cell colony formation; the inhibition was mainly by endogenous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthetized and released by monocytes. The addition of physiological concentrations of synthetic PGE2 to monocyte-depleted B-cell enriched populations inhibited B-cell colony growth, this paralleled the effect of endogenous PGE2 released by monocytes. Indomethacin (10-5 M) obviated the inhibitory effect of monocytes.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1984

Anti-IgG type test to assay circulating immune complexes from polyethylene glycol precipitates compared with C1q binding and Raji cell tests.

Immune complexes (IC) from over 100 normal and patient serum samples were assayed by turbidimetry using anti-IgG as the indicator following a three-step extraction with polyethylene glycol. For 70 patient samples, a high linear correlation was found between the present assay and the C1q-binding test (r = 0.812). Correlation with the Raji cell test was poor (r = 0.176). Both the present test and the Raji cell test showed greater sensitivity for identifying sera with elevated IC levels than the C1q binding test. The present approach may be accomplished using indicators other than turbidimetry, such as light scatter and isotopically-labelled anti-IgG.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1984

Dietary adjustment during self-blood-glucose monitoring in pregnant women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

The interaction between the daily distribution of carbohydrates and frequent self-blood-glucose monitoring (SBGM) was studied in 13 pregnant women who had had diabetes for 4 to 19 years. Before and during SBGM, data were obtained on dietary history, daily blood glucose levels, and HbA1C. Optimal control was found with 3 main meals and 5 snacks. The total daily caloric intake decreased without change in the proportions of protein, fat, and carbohydrate. Consumption of starch increased, and that of simple sugars decreased. Although no changes were made in the daily amount of insulin, the women's diabetic control improved significantly.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Recovery of immune complexes from serum-based samples is dependent on the concentration of reactants: heat-inactivated and unheated samples compared by nephelometric assay.

We examined heat-treated and untreated samples for immune complexes (IC) with a nephelometric type Clq binding assay. Curves of absorbance vs. concentration derived from aggregated gamma-globulin in serum samples showed curvilinear behavior, while curves obtained from aqueous samples were highly linear. Curves from heat-treated sera bent upward, while those from unheated sera tended to level off, causing the curves to cross. Heated sera showed greater recovery of IC in the high range and unheated sera greater recovery of IC in the low. Recovery from serum-based samples varied as the concentrations of both Clq and IC in the reaction mixture changed when aqueous curves were used as calibrators. This behavior in serum-based samples seems to be caused by endogenous binders of IC, and may be an important reason for inter-laboratory variation in results from similar samples.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1983

Children's perceptions of sex differences in babies and adolescents: a cross-national study.

A sample of 838 children aged 5-15 in Australia, England, North America, and Sweden were interviewed about physical and sexual development. One section covered how children perceived sex differences. Criteria used for scoring were based on a biological realism scale. In identifying sex differences of newborn babies, a progression from realistic to unrealistic recognition was observed with increasing age in all countries. The Swedish younger age groups were more realistic than their English-speaking peers, with the latter catching up in the teenage years. In discerning pubertal sex differences, children tended to move from presexual ideas between 9 and 11 years and to have achieved full sexual answers between 13 and 15 years. Evidence did not support the latency period theory or the presence of castration fantasies in children. Cross-national differences are discussed and their implications explored.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Outpatient regulation of the insulin-requiring person with diabetes (an alternative to hospitalization).

One hundred and six insulin-requiring diabetic patients were randomly recruited to a pilot out-patient diabetes regulation and self-care program. The program was designed to offer an alternative to hospitalization. 89 patients completed the 5-day program. Fasting plasma glucose values at 5 days were significantly lower than initial levels (263 +/- 73 mg/dl vs 156 +/- 60 mg/dl; p-value less than 0.001). Long-term diabetic control was similarly improved at 6 months after entry when total glycosylated hemoglobin levels were significantly lower than initial values (13.8 +/- 2.8% vs 11.1 +/- 2.4%; p-value less than 0.0005). 17 patients failed to complete the program. Only four patients of the 89 were subsequently hospitalized with diabetes-related conditions. 445 hospital days were saved during the study period with calculated total dollar savings over $90,000. It is suggested that a structured out-patient program for diabetes regulation and self-care can be successfully developed and carried out at a significantly lower cost than hospitalization. Third party payors should take cognizance of these programs and appropriately include them in their health care coverage.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Measurement of circulating Clq precipitable immune complexes by a nephelometric type assay after polyethylene glycol extraction in model system.

Clq precipitins were assayed in a model system by absorption nephelometry. Polyethylene glycol was used to extract immune complexes so that sufficient sensitivity with minimal interference could be achieved. Using a double beam spectrophotometer, we found that the reaction of immune complexes with Clq occurred rapidly and plateaued between 5-20 minutes. The optimal concentration of sodium in the reaction mixture was between 0.155-0.165 M, while chloride and EDTA did not affect the reaction significantly. Standard curves generated from heated aggregated gamma globulin showed a high degree of linearity, between 12.5-400 mg/L. Need for conductivity meters, radioisotopes, and other special equipment was eliminated because highly purified Clq is not required for nephelometric assay, and all necessary parameters can be monitored by flame photometry and electrophoresis, which are available in most clinical laboratories. Day to day reproducibility showed CVs of 5.4, 9.5, and 11.4% at control levels of 210, 160, and 70 mg/ L of immune complexes, respectively. Twelve patients with elevated levels of immune complexes by other methods were differentiated from normals by the present method. Nephelometry may offer a simplified approach for testing immune complexes and may become more widespread in clinical laboratories.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1983

Sialic acid in lymphocytes and sera from mothers and their newborns after normal deliveries.

Sialic acid was determined in newborn and maternal lymphocytes as well as in newborn and maternal serum immediately after normal deliveries. A significant increase in sialic acid in newborn as compared to maternal lymphocytes was found. Sialic acid concentration seems to be sex-dependent for newborn lymphocytes only, and higher concentrations of sialic acid were observed in male as compared to female newborn lymphocytes. No differences between the sialic acid concentration in maternal and control lymphocytes could be found. In newborn serum, sialic acid was significantly reduced as compared to maternal or control serum. No sex-linked differences were observed. No differences between the concentration of maternal and control serum were detected.

Female↗
PubMed1983

The clinical value of body computed tomography over time and technologic change.

A clinical study of body computed tomography (CT) at Massachusetts General Hospital evaluated 2,619 patients who were prospectively assigned to one of 12 examination protocols. Data obtained from referring physicians and patient records just before CT examination and later in the course of care served as a basis for judging the contribution of CT to diagnostic understanding, use of other tests, and choice of therapy. Fifty-three percent of examinations produced a substantial or unique contribution to diagnostic understanding, and 15% contributed to a change in treatment. Performance in different protocols varied greatly: lymphoma, pancreas, retroperitoneum, lung, and liver ranked in the top half for both diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy; pelvis, urology, and colon fell in the bottom third. Overall, CT reduced surgery by an estimated 14% and angiography by an estimated 11% in the study population. Availability of CT was also associated over time with significant declines in the frequency of sonographic examinations and of lymphangiography, though not of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Compared with an 18-sec scanner, examinations on a 3-sec unit more frequently contributed to improved diagnostic understanding (p less than 0.05) and to increased physician confidence in previously chosen treatment (p less than 0.001). Studies of the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of devices like CT can guide clinical expectations and provide a basis for evaluating new imaging methods.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1983

Effects of species of origin, purification levels, and formulation on insulin immunogenicity.

The immunogenicity of purified pork insulins (PPI) with and without (groups 1 and 2, respectively) trace contamination of beef insulin was contrasted with mixed beef pork insulin of lower purity (MBP, group 3) in 137 patients who had not previously been treated with insulin. Patients and physicians were blinded with regard to the species source of insulin and studies were conducted for a minimum of 1 yr. Antibody development to insulin was assessed by species-specific binding of 125I-insulin by acid charcoal extracted sera, as well as by measurement of insulin prebound to immunoglobulins by a polyethylene glycol precipitation method. NPH- and lente-treated individuals had equivalent antibody responses with regard to the rate of development of antibodies, and maximum immune responses to insulin. In all patient groups, antibody bound insulin as well as species-specific binding of 125I-insulin increased significantly over time (all P less than 0.01 for specific binding of pork and beef insulins SBP and SBB, as well as bound insulin). Maximum bound insulin and SBB as well as bound insulin and SBB over the entire course of the study were significantly greater in group 1 than in group 2 patients (both P less than 0.05). The rate of development and magnitude of antibodies' responses in both PPI-treated groups were significantly less than that seen in the MBP group (all P less than 0.01). New formation of antibeef proinsulin antibodies was seen in one patient from groups 1 and 3, but not in group 2. In all groups, insulin dose per day and fasting serum glucose concentrations increased by about 5 U/day and 10 mg/dl over 1 yr, but groups did not differ. MBP insulin used in these studies proved to be significantly less immunogenic than previously available Argentine pure beef insulin, purified by gel filtration. PPI containing even trace contamination of beef insulin was more immunogenic than PPI alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Prevalence and implications of multi-drug abuse in a population of methadone-maintained women.

Within our study population of 100 women for whom 3,980 urine toxicology reports were accomplished, 98 percent were multi-drug users. This proportion is far greater than would have been calculated from the percent of urines that were positive for the drugs of abuse and is a more realistic estimate of the extent of the problem than is often reported. Despite this high percentage of multi-drug use, due to the uniqueness of our patient population (pregnant women), it is not possible to deny them pharmacologic therapy for their addiction. Therefore, the use of urine toxicology reports in our clinical setting has broader implications than adherence to the methadone regulations. These reports serve as excellent devices to assess newborn abstinence symptomatology, in addition to helping us monitor the physical and psychological status of our patients. The implications are that self-medication may be used to achieve a particular effect concomitant with methadone therapy. The effects are generally to enhance the action of methadone and to decrease undesirable side effects.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1983

Identification and partial purification of human T lymphocyte colony-enhancing factor (LCEF), distinct from T cell-growth factor.

Colony growth of T lymphocytes in a soft agar culture system, following stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), is enhanced by T cell-derived conditioned medium (CM). The putative enhancing factor present in this CM has been termed lymphocyte colony-enhancing factor (LCEF). The purification of LCEF from CM has been complicated by the fact that active CM could be obtained only in the presence of 7-8 mg/ml of serum proteins. In order to circumvent this problem, CM which was shown to be active in the colony formation assay, was produced in the presence of a serum fraction precipitated by 1.6 M ammonium sulphate (AS). The first step of the purification of this CM was fractionation by 1.6 M AS, whereby the active material was fully recovered in the supernatant. The 20-fold purified material was applied on a DEAE-cellulose column. Two peaks of activity were obtained using the colony formation assay. The purification achieved by this second step was 5-10 fold for the first peak, eluting around 0.06 M NaCl, and two- to three-fold for the second peak, eluting around 0.19 M NaCl. Two peaks of activity were also obtained upon hydrophobic chromatography on a phenyl-Sepharose column, with enhancement factors of 5-8 for the first peak and 25-60 for the second peak. These results imply the presence of more than one LCEF molecule in the original CM. None of the LCEF-active fractions contained any T cell-growth factor (TCGF) activity; LCEF seems therefore to be a molecular entity distinct from TCGF.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1983

Absorbance nephelometry of immune complexes by reaction with anti-IgG after treatment with polyethylene glycol.

We describe absorbance nephelometry of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in immune complexes (IC) with use of anti-IgG after precipitating the IgG from serum by three treatments with polyethylene glycol, 25 g/L final concentration. The three-step procedure removed all of the monomeric IgG, eliminating interference with the IC assay. Analytical recovery of IC was nearly 100%. Both the standard curve and results for control sera showed good day-to-day reproducibility, with CVs of less than 8%. Eighteen of 20 patients with diseases involving IC showed distinctly increased concentrations of IC; no increases were seen in 15 normal persons. Measurement of IC in 44 samples by this assay and a C1q assay gave a Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.76. The assay appears suited to routine use with manual double-beam spectrophotometers and stable nephelometers. The procedure is inexpensive, straightforward, and easy to perform.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗