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Biomedical subjects

J Goldberg

Publications and source records attributed to J Goldberg.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

A twin study of the association of post-traumatic stress disorder and combat exposure with long-term socioeconomic status in Vietnam veterans.

This study examines the association between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and combat exposure with the socioeconomic status of 2210 male monozygotic veteran twin pairs in 1987. In the unadjusted analysis on individuals, modest correlations indicated that those with PTSD were more likely to have been divorced, and less likely to be currently employed or to achieve high status in income, education or occupation. In the crude analysis of veterans not suffering from PTSD, there were small positive correlations between combat level experienced and the likelihood of ever being married, ever being divorced, and the number of years employed at the current job. However, when we examined identical twins discordant for PTSD, and adjusted for pre-military and military service factors, only unemployment remained significant. Likewise, in combat-discordant twins, no significant effects on the socioeconomic indicators were seen. We conclude that PTSD and combat experience in Southeast Asia have not had a major impact on the socioeconomic status of veterans.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Magnetic brain stimulation: safety studies.

We describe short-term and long-term safety studies after low repetition rate magnetic brain stimulation in 10 normal subjects. We obtained quantitative EEG data, psychometric test results, serum prolactin and cortisol levels before and after brain stimulation. EEG and psychometric data were also obtained in 5 of these subjects 16-24 months after the initial experiment. Short- and long-term studies did not show any deleterious effects. Randt delayed recalls, however, showed a transient reduction in the score immediately after stimulation which resolved on retesting in 2 weeks. To address the question of fatigue we repeated Randt tests in 4 subjects before and after magnetic brain stimulation but without the other extensive psychometric, EEG and blood tests. Pre- and post-stimulation scores on this occasion showed no significant difference in these 4 subjects suggesting that the transient changes in the previous Randt score were related to fatigue. We conclude that single-pulse magnetic brain stimulation has no deleterious effects after magnetic brain stimulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Treatment of the neuropathic knee by arthroplasty.

The neuropathic joint is one of the most difficult management problems in orthopaedic practice. The surgeon is often referred the patient late in the course of the disease, when there has been marked joint destruction so that non-operative measures are not suitable. We report a case of a severely deformed neuropathic knee joint, for which an uncemented total knee replacement was performed. The rationale for use of this procedure instead of arthrodesis, and discussion of the condition follow.

Arthropathy, Neurogenic↗
PubMed1995

What are American children eating? Implications for public policy.

As the health and demographic profile of the U.S. population changes, the food consumption patterns of American children have also changed. This review is organized around a series of policy issues looking at these new food consumption patterns, their relationship to the Dietary Guidelines, and their impact on children's health.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Pharmacokinetics of intravenously administration of prednisolone in the horse as determined by radioimmunoassay.

A radioimmunoassay was developed for prednisolone using IgG purified from rabbit antiserum. The assay was employed to determine the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone following intravenous administration of 450 mg of prednisolone sodium succinate (Solu Delta Cortef) to five adult Thoroughbred horses. The RIA had a sensitivity of 2 ng/ml and was relatively specific. It had cross-reactivity with 21-deoxycortisol (83.3%) cortisol (27.8%), 11-beta-hydroxyprogesterone (39.2%) and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (50%). However, it did not cross-react with naturally occurring steroids (cholesterol, testosterone, estradiol or progesterone) or synthetic steroids (betamethasone, methylprednisolone, prednisone or triamcinolone). Radioimmunoassay of the horse serum samples detected the presence of prednisolone for 5 to 7 hours post administration. The pharmacokinetic parameters tested and their means were a half-life of 1.150 +/- 0.233 (+/- SEM) hours, an excretion constant of 0.686 +/- 0.018 Ke/hr, a volume of distribution of 607 +/- 109 ml/kg, and a clearance rate of 374 +/- 47 ml/hr/kg. RIA also detected the presence of prednisolone in the urine beginning one hour post administration. The prednisolone in the urine increased significantly at 2 hours and reached a peak at 4 hours post administration. The urinary levels decreased at 5, 6, and 7 hours and peaked again at 8 hours. The level then gradually decreased and reached the minimal detectable levels in 48 hours. These results showed that the RIA was sensitive and relatively specific for the determination of prednisolone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Transient inactivation of almond mandelonitrile lyase by 3-methyleneoxindole: a photooxidation product of the natural plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid.

A variety of plant growth regulators belonging to the auxin phytohormone family have been found to be good competitive inhibitors of the oxynitrilase from almonds, mandelonitrile lyase (MNL). The major natural auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), was found to inactivate MNL in a reaction following pseudo-first-order kinetics and dependent upon visible light. Inactivation results from the oxidative decarboxylation of IAA forming 3-methyleneoxidole (MOI). This compound has been synthesized and shown to produce active-site-directed inactivation of MNL, in a reaction following saturation kinetics with a KI of 37 +/- 8 microM and maximal kinact of 0.13 +/- 0.02 min-1. Inactivation protection is provided by the competitive inhibitors azide and benzoate, suggesting that the inactivation reaction is active-site-directed. This idea is substantiated by our determination that MOI is a competitive inhibitor of MNL with a Ki of 23 +/- 3 microM under steady-state turnover conditions, in reasonable agreement with the value obtained from the inactivation data. Several indole derivatives such as indoline, skatole, oxindole, and 3-methyloxindole are poor competitive inhibitors of MNL with dissociation constants 20-40-fold greater than that for MOI, suggesting a highly specific binding site for the IAA photooxidation product. The enzyme remains inactive following spin dialysis, indicating that a covalent adduct has been formed. However, approximately 30% activity was recovered in a 5-h period following dialysis, and a nearly quantitative recovery occurs in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol or DTT, indicating that the adduct is labile.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aldehyde-Lyases↗
PubMed1994

Etiology of neutrophilic granulocytic hypoplasia in a case of large granular lymphocytic leukemia with paraproteinemia.

The association between large granular lymphocytic leukemia (LGLL) and neutropenia is poorly understood. We attempted to assess whether neutropenia in LGLL with paraproteinemia has a different etiology than LGLL without paraproteinemia. We found neither direct serum inhibition of granulocyte/monocyte-colony forming units in vitro nor increased immunoglobulin binding to granulocytic neutrophils, neutrophil precursors, or granulocyte/monocyte-colony stimulating factor. Clonogenic assay experiments suggested that suppression of the patient's granulocyte/monocyte-colony forming units by the neoplastic T-cells and decreased granulocyte/monocyte-colony stimulating factor production contributed to the pathogenesis of neutropenia in this particular case.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Congenital mesoblastic nephroma presenting with hemoperitoneum and shock.

We describe an unusual presentation of a congenital mesoblastic nephroma in a 5-month-old boy. He was in hemodynamic shock in admission. Sonography revealed an echogenic right kidney and hemoperitoneum. Right nephrectomy was performed, and he is well one year later without any further treatment.

Hemoperitoneum↗
PubMed1994

Contingent methadone take-home doses reinforce adjunct therapy attendance of methadone maintenance patients.

Two studies utilized within-subjects designs to determine whether take-home methadone doses can reinforce adjunct therapy attendance of drug abuse patients. These studies varied the reinforcement density and the schedule of methadone take-home doses. In Study 1, patients (n = 10) either could or could not receive a take-home following each therapy session. Study 2 patients (n = 15) could either earn take-homes following each therapy session attended (i.e., 2 take-homes per week) or could earn one take-home dose following each attendance to two consecutive sessions attended. In both studies experimental conditions alternated during three-week blocks of time. Across studies, any reinforcement by take-home doses produced more attendance at therapy sessions than that observed in the no reinforcement condition. Take-home incentive effects were strongest when each of the two weekly therapy sessions was reinforced by a methadone take-home dose. Increased attendance was not associated with reduced drug use, due perhaps to high rates of pre-study drug use and limited therapy duration. Contemporary opioid abusers present with multiple problems that methadone was never intended to treat. The present studies illustrate a method by which methadone treatment can improve the likelihood of delivering other services that may prove effective in treating some of these problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The effect of therapeutic massage on H-reflex amplitude in persons with a spinal cord injury.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The effect of therapeutic massage on the H-reflex amplitude in persons without neurological impairment has been established. To investigate its effects in a sample of persons with a spinal cord injury (SCI), two independent but interrelated studies were undertaken. Study 1 investigated whether the recorded response (H-reflex amplitude) to massage with the subjects in the supine testing position was similar to that recorded in previous studies in which the subjects were tested in the prone position. This study was undertaken because the prone testing position was considered inappropriate for persons with SCI. In study 2, the therapeutic effect of massage (petrissage) on H-reflex amplitude in persons with SCI was examined. SUBJECTS: Seven persons without neurological impairment volunteered to participate in study 1, and 10 individuals with a traumatic SCI volunteered to participate in study 2. METHODS: The two studies shared many methodological features and involved the recording of 10 H-reflex and M-response peak-to-peak amplitudes from the triceps surae muscle during each of five sequential, 3-minute time periods. Massage treatment (MASS) was given during the third time period, and the premassage time periods (C1, C2) and postmassage time periods (C3, C4) served as control conditions. Study 2, in addition to recording the peak-to-peak amplitudes of the recorded responses, also included the recording of the H-reflex latencies. RESULTS: The results of study 1 showed that massage applied with the subjects in the supine position decreased the H-reflex amplitude during the massage. A 56% decrease in the H-reflex amplitude was recorded. Study 2 demonstrated a 27% mean group decrease in the H-reflex peak-to-peak amplitude during the massage for all subjects, with variations in individual responses ranging from an increase in the H-reflex amplitude of 20% to a decrease of 84%. An analysis of variance revealed that the H-reflex means of the five conditions were significantly different. Newman-Keuls post hoc analyses revealed that the mean of the MASS condition (2.01 mV) was significantly different from the means of C1, C2, and C4 (2.79, 2.81, 2.58 mV). The mean of C3 (2.42 mV) was not found to be statistically different from the means of the other conditions. These changes were noted against a stable M-response. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: The results recorded in study 1 are comparable to those obtained with the subjects in the prone position. Based on these results, the supine position was adopted as the testing position for study 2. Study 2 further showed a decrease in H-reflex amplitude concomitant with massage in persons with SCI, but no long-term effects were noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Insomnia in Vietnam era veteran twins: influence of genes and combat experience.

Genetic and environmental influences on insomnia were studied in 2,825 pairs of Vietnam era veteran male twins. The self-reported sleep problems studied included trouble falling asleep, trouble staying asleep, waking often, waking tired and a composite sleep scale. Twin correlations for each of the sleep problems were larger in monozygotic than in dizygotic pairs, with heritability estimates ranging from 0.21 to 0.42. There was no effect of common familial environment. Phenotypic correlations for combat experience and sleep problems were small, ranging from 0.00 to 0.09, with no differences seen in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. When the effects of genes and combat exposure were evaluated simultaneously, there was a significant genetic contribution to all sleep measures, but combat exposure was significantly associated only with overall sleep quality, waking often and having trouble staying asleep.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The relationship of the in vivo cell cycle characteristics and treatment outcome in acute myelogenous leukemia to the expression of the FMS and MYC proto-oncogenes.

Fms expression was measured by Northern blot analysis in the pretherapy leukemia cells of 30 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) who either entered CR or who were shown to have drug resistant disease. High levels of fms expression correlated with a CR outcome and were strongly associated with the fall in the number of leukemia cells during the first six days of remission induction therapy. In contrast, similar studies of myc expression failed to demonstrate any relationship to treatment outcome. Considering those genes whose expression have been measured to date, the level of expression of fms is the one which is most highly correlated with treatment outcome in AML. No significant relationship between the expression levels of these two genes and the cell cycle characteristics of leukemia cells in vivo were detected.

Blotting, Northern↗