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Biomedical subjects

J Goldberg

Publications and source records attributed to J Goldberg.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Protooncogene expression and the clinical characteristics of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: A Leukemia Intergroup pilot study.

Northern blot analysis was used to assess the level of expression of five protooncogenes and histone H3 in the bone marrow cells of patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). The relationship between the level of gene expression and the clinical characteristics of the disease and response to therapy was studied. The levels of expression of c-myc and c-myb are weakly correlated and are unrelated to French-American-British (FAB) type of ANLL. The levels of expression of c-fms, c-fes, and c-fos are highly correlated with each other and are highest in leukemia with a monocytic component (c-fms v FAB = .71, c-fes v FAB = .75). High levels of c-myc expression are associated with a high probability of not responding to remission induction therapy (P = .004). The converse is true for c-fms expression levels. High levels of expression of c-myc or c-myb are associated with short remissions (P = .059 and .065, respectively), perhaps because they are associated with a high capacity for leukemic cell self-renewal and/or an inability of leukemic cells to differentiate in response to chemotherapy.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1989

Adaptation to telescopic spectacles: vestibulo-ocular reflex plasticity.

The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is a mechanism for the production of rapid compensatory eye movements during head movements. To investigate the adaptation of this reflex to spectacle magnifiers, the effect on the VOR of a brief period of wearing telescopic spectacles during head rotation was studied in normal subjects. VOR gain, as measured in darkness, was defined to be the ratio of compensatory slow phase eye velocity to head velocity. Initial VOR gain as measured for vertical axis sinusoidal head rotation at 0.1 Hz, amplitude 60 degrees/sec, was about 0.7. After 15 min adaptation by sinusoidal rotation during the viewing of a remote video display through X2, X4, or X6 binocular telescopic spectacles, 47-70% of subjects exhibited significant VOR gain increases of 7-46%. These increases were measured with occlusion of the unmagnified visual field peripheral to the telescopes during adaptation. There was considerable interindividual variability in adaptation to telescopic spectacles. Telescopic spectacle power had little or no effect on the amount of VOR change after adaptation, although all telescope powers produced a greater VOR gain change than did adaptation without telescopes. Testing of VOR gain at multiple frequencies indicated that adaptation to telescopic spectacles by rotation at a single sinusoidal frequency induces VOR gain changes across a broad spectrum of frequencies of head rotation. When the unmagnified peripheral visual field was unobstructed during adaptation, VOR gain increases were significantly less than when the unmagnified peripheral visual field was occluded, and were similar to those observed during adaptation without the wearing of telescopic spectacles at all. VOR gain adaptation was associated with amerlioration of symptoms of oscillopsia and motion discomfort initially experienced by about 20% of subjects wearing telescopic spectacles.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1988

A high melting structure in DNA distinguishes phases of the cell cycle.

Differential scanning microcalorimetry of the nuclei of dividing CHO cells revealed DNA structures that showed structural transitions at 60, 76, 88, and 105 degrees C (transitions I to IV, respectively). In cultures synchronized by isoleucine deprivation the enthalpies of transitions I and II were rather constant throughout the cell cycle. While the sum of the enthalpies of III and IV was nearly constant, the ratio of IV to III varied substantially from one phase of the cycle to another. A high IV:III ratio of 6 characterized G1 while S phase gave a IV:III ratio of about 2. Cells containing metaphase chromosomes also showed a IV:III ratio near 2. The IV:III ratio for CHO cells showed a progressive decrease as the cells were maintained in isoleucine-free medium from 0 to 6 days.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Motor output to lateral rectus in cats during the vestibulo-ocular reflex in three-dimensional space.

The motor output to the lateral rectus eye muscle was studied in decerebrate cats with electromyographic recordings and in alert cats with multi-unit and single neuron recordings from abducens nucleus. The axis of rotation that produced maximal excitation of the lateral rectus was calculated from responses to rotations in many different stimulus orientations, and was found to lie near the axis of the horizontal semicircular canals, but pitched slightly nose down from the canal axis (4.6 degrees). The results from decerebrate and alert cats were in agreement. The dynamics of lateral rectus activation were quite similar in all planes. Responses at high frequencies were in phase with rotation velocity and responses lagged toward position phase as frequency and velocity were decreased. Differences in decerebrate cat low frequency responses to rotations with and without a sinusoidal gravitational stimulus implicated an otolith input to lateral rectus.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1988

Stress symptomatology among Vietnam veterans. Analysis of the Veterans Administration Survey of Veterans. II.

In 1979, the US Veterans Administration conducted a health survey of 11,230 veterans. The present analysis of these data focuses on the association between Vietnam service and combat experience with eight post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among the 1,787 Vietnam era veterans who entered military service between 1965 and 1975. The advantages of this study are that it includes a large random sample selected from the total US population, had a high interview response rate (93%), and collected data prior to the recent public controversy surrounding the issue of the health effects of possible exposure of Vietnam veterans to Agent Orange. After adjustment for the potential confounding effects of military service and demographic factors, the level of combat exposure was significantly associated with all eight symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in a dose response pattern. For seven of the eight symptoms, a twofold increase in the factor-adjusted prevalence odds ratio was observed when non-Vietnam service veterans were compared with Vietnam veterans who experienced the most intense combat experience. Being younger, less well educated, or nonwhite at the time of military service are factors which independently further increased the probability of stress symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Factors associated with age-related macular degeneration. An analysis of data from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Data from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey collected between 1971 and 1972 were used to determine what factors are associated with the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration. The study was limited to those who were at least 45 years old at the time of the ophthalmology examination. Stratified analysis, adjusting for age, showed that education, systolic blood pressure, past history of hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, and refractive error were all associated with macular degeneration. With the exception of education, these factors remained statistically significant when simultaneously entered into a logistic regression model. The frequency of consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins A and C suggested a negative association with the prevalence of macular degeneration after stratified adjustment for age. In a logistic regression analysis, adjusting for demographic and medical factors, the inverse association of vitamin C with age-related macular degeneration was no longer present. The frequency of consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A remained negatively correlated with age-related macular degeneration even after adjustment for demographic and medical factors.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Molecular cloning of hepatitis delta virus RNA from an infected woodchuck liver: sequence, structure, and applications.

cDNA prepared from the single-stranded circular RNA genome of hepatitis delta virus was cloned in lambda gt11 by using RNA from the liver of an infected woodchuck. From the sequence of overlapping clones, we assembled the full sequence of 1,679 nucleotides. The sequence indicated an exceptional ability for intramolecular base pairing, yielding a rod structure with at least 70% of the bases paired and a predicted free energy of -805 kcal (-3,368 kJ)/mol. Three of the lambda clones contained sequences that were not only expressed as fusion proteins with beta-galactosidase but were recognized by human hepatitis delta virus-specific antibody. These clones were sequenced so as to establish the reading frame of the delta antigen on the antigenomic strand. The fusion protein produced by one clone was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography and then was used to raise rabbit antibodies specific for the delta antigen.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Intropunitiveness and parasuicide: prediction of interview response.

A recently proposed relationship between intropunitiveness and depressive states was examined in interview intervention with parasuicidal in-patients. To test the prediction that highly intropunitive parasuicidal individuals would be most responsive to cognitive intervention, a sample of 48 parasuicidal in-patients were administered a battery of individual difference measures, including the Hostility Questionnaire. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three interview procedures, namely a cognitive interview, an affective interview or a waiting period (control). Highly intropunitive individuals in the cognitive interview group showed the most improvements on a self-report depressive symptom change measure. In addition to supporting theoretical models of depressive state changes, the study has important clinical implications because of the need to identify parasuicidal individuals who are most likely to benefit from brief interventions.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

HTLV-I-induced lymphoma mimicking Hodgkin's disease. Diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction amplification of specific HTLV-I sequences in tumor DNA.

A patient with a localized HTLV-I-associated lymphoproliferative disease that was misdiagnosed as Hodgkin's disease is presented. The patient's serum was negative for HTLV-I antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot, and radioimmunoprecipitation. Tumor tissue DNA was negative for HTLV-I by Southern blotting but was positive for distinct HTLV-I sequences when subjected to DNA amplification using the polymerase chain reaction. We conclude that the clinical and pathologic diagnosis of HTLV-I-related lymphoma can be difficult and can be confused with Hodgkin's disease. Extremely sensitive molecular biological techniques may be required to establish a diagnosis of HTLV-I-induced lymphoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Dynamic visual acuity with telescopic spectacles: improvement with adaptation.

Telescopic spectacles are used as aids for the visually impaired in order to increase effective visual acuity. Because ocular stabilization reflexes are not fully compensatory when telescopic spectacles are worn, head motion would be expected to produce retinal image motion which could decrease visual acuity. Using 1.0 Hz sinusoids of vertical axis head rotation, we investigated the effect of head velocity and telescopic spectacle magnification on binocular dynamic visual acuity (DVA), the acuity during head motion, in 34 normally sighted subjects. The visual field peripheral to the telescopes was masked. Up to a head velocity amplitude of 30 degrees/sec, DVA was insensitive to head velocity for X2 telescopic spectacles. For X4 and, to a greater degree, X6 telescopic spectacles, DVA decreased progressively as head velocity increased. DVA measurements were repeated after a 15 min adaptation period, during which a distant video monitor was viewed using telescopic spectacles. For X4 telescopic spectacles, DVA increased significantly after adaptation. With an unobstructed peripheral visual field, initial DVA with X4 telescopic spectacles was equal to adapted DVA with peripheral vision occluded, but adaptation produced no further improvement in DVA with the peripheral field unobstructed. These data indicate that the visual acuity obtained with telescopic spectacles is substantially reduced under conditions where head motion occurs, potentially reducing the functional value of these devices in low vision rehabilitation. The adverse effect of head motion on DVA may be reduced by adaptation.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1987

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: treatment with plasmapheresis.

Twenty-one episodes of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) were treated with plasmapheresis. Adjunctive agents included corticosteroids, aspirin, dipyridamole, and vincristine. There were 17 patients; 12 were female. The median age was 41 years. Most patients presented with neurologic symptoms. Thrombocytopenia was profound with a mean initial platelet count of 14,900/mm3. The mean hematocrit on presentation was 26.7% and the mean LDH 1300 IU/L. Eighteen episodes responded completely following plasmapheresis/plasma exchange (86%). Response was prompt, the initial rise in platelet count occurred after a mean of four exchanges, and complete response (a platelet count over 150,000/mm3) was obtained after a mean of nine exchanges. Four of the episodes treated were relapses that occurred in three patients. All responders are alive with a median duration of follow-up of 20 months. The three patients who failed to respond have died. This report extends recent observations that the addition of plasmapheresis/plasma exchange to the therapy of TTP has significantly improved the outlook for patients with this disorder.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1987

Plasma levels of daunorubicin metabolites and the outcome of ANLL therapy.

Levels of plasma daunorubicin, daunorubicinol and aglycone metabolites were measured in 47 patients 3 h after daunorubicin was administered daily for three days as part of a cytosine arabinoside/daunorubicin remission induction regimen. High-pressure liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection was used for separation and quantitation of the drug and its metabolites. A wide range of plasma levels were observed regardless of the outcome of therapy. Patients who had high levels of the drug, or daunorubicinol on day 1 of therapy tended to have high levels on days 2 and 3 of the regimen. Three hours after the third daily dose of daunorubicin was administered, patients who would not enter remission had significantly higher levels of aglycone metabolites in plasma than did patients who entered remission. These data indicate that resistance to chemotherapeutic effects of daunorubicin may be connected with metabolism of the drug, especially with enhanced metabolism to aglycones.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

The Vietnam Era Twin (VET) Registry: method of construction.

A Vietnam Era (1964-1975) Twin Registry of American male-male veterans born between 1939 and 1955 has been developed to provide a study sample for research evaluating the impact of Vietnam service on the medical and psychosocial aspects of health. In preparation for developing the Registry, several alternative sources of twins and methods for identifying twins were investigated. A computerized database of veterans discharged from the military after 1967 was selected as the source because it contains about 50% of the total Vietnam era veteran population, is reasonably unbiased, and provides a feasible method for identifying twins. Twins were identified using an algorithm which involved matching entries on the database for same last name, different first name, same date of birth, and similar social security number. Twin status was confirmed by review of military records. The registry, now complete, is composed of 7,400 twin pairs. It will be an important resource for future research projects.

Adult↗