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Biomedical subjects

J Gold

Publications and source records attributed to J Gold.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus in needles and syringes used by intravenous drug abusers.

The sharing of needles and syringes by intravenous drug abusers has been recognized as a critical factor in the transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In an attempt to reduce the sharing of needles and syringes among intravenous drug abusers, a pilot sterile needle-and-syringe exchange programme was established in an inner city neighbourhood in Sydney. The contents of exchanged syringes were screened for antibody to HIV by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); reactive and borderline samples were tested further by the Western Blot method. Of a sample of 300 needles-and-syringes that were exchanged, three (1%) needles-and-syringes were confirmed as containing antibody-seropositive blood by both ELISA and Western Blot methods and thus as being potentially infectious. As only 70% of known positive-control syringes were detected in this study, the proportion of potentially infectious needles-and-syringes that was found may have underestimated the proportion of infectious injection equipment that was returned. These findings highlight the importance of the removal of used needles and syringes from circulation in addition to the supply of sterile equipment. This method of monitoring exchanged needles-and-syringes is suggested as a means to evaluate measures that are designed to reduce the transmission of HIV among intravenous drug abusers. The rapid implementation of sterile needle-and-syringe exchange programmes is imperative to stem the spread of HIV infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Immunopathology and electron microscopy of Acanthamoeba keratitis.

In order to evaluate the local cellular immune response to Acanthamoeba infection we performed immunohistochemical examinations of the corneal buttons of two patients with Acanthamoeba keratitis. We found that the corneal stroma was infiltrated with polymorphonuclear leukocytes and HLA-DR positive macrophages that appeared to be stromal keratocytes by light microscopy. Despite the presence of chronic inflammation in both patients, no stromal lymphocytes were seen in one patient and a sparse lymphocytic infiltrate was seen in the other patient. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of macrophages, neutrophils, and Acanthamoeba organisms in these two patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Epidemiology of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Australia .

Since 1982, when the first case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was diagnosed in Australia, a total of 373 cases has been reported to the NHMRC Special Unit in AIDS Epidemiology and Clinical Research to December 19, 1986. Analysis of the data shows that 70% of cases were diagnosed in NSW and of all cases 88% were found to be in homosexual or bisexual men, with the majority aged between 30 and 39 years. Opportunistic infections were found in nearly three-quarters of cases. A mathematical model which has been developed predicts that 1000 cases will have been diagnosed by mid-1988 and nearly that many again in 1990 alone. The absence of a treatment or vaccine, the likelihood that current Australian resources will be inadequate to deal with the predicted number of cases, and the urgent need to establish measures that are aimed at controlling the extent of the disease are emphasized.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Myopathy complicating the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

A case of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome complicated by a severe myopathy is reported. All efforts aimed at documenting an infectious etiology for the myopathy were negative. The relationship of myopathy to AIDS is discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome presenting as bone marrow and mediastinal cryptococcosis.

Disseminated cryptococcosis developed as the first manifestation of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome in a previously healthy Haitian man. Following presentation with a febrile illness that included massive mediastinal and peripheral lymphadenopathy, the patient died of overwhelming pulmonary, visceral, and meningeal cryptococcosis.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Hydrazine sulfate: a current perspective.

Hydrazine sulfate is an anticachexia agent which interrupts host energy wasting as a result of the malignant process. An inhibitor of gluconeogenesis at the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEP CK) reaction, this agent has been shown in randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials to improve glucose tolerance, reduce glucose turnover, increase caloric intake, and increase or stabilize weight; in single-arm controlled trials, this agent has been shown to increase appetite, improve performance status, decrease pain, diminish anorexia, normalize laboratory indices, stabilize tumor growth, induce tumor regression, and promote survival, while inducing little to no important clinical side effects. In view of its demonstrated capacity to effect anticancer response, this drug is suggested for trial as a sole agent in early drug-resistant cancer, in combination with cytotoxic and related therapies, and in conjunction with total parenteral nutrition. It is postulated that effective control of the mechanisms associated associated with cancer cachexia may contribute to control of malignant disease.

Cachexia↗
PubMed1987

Vascular disorder.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

Flow-cytometric detection of circulating immune complexes.

In an effort to develop an assay which would rapidly detect and analyze circulating immune complexes, we have adapted the Raji cell radioimmunoassay (RIA) to a flow cytometric (FCM) analysis. The advantages of immune complex analysis by FCM are many. Foremost is the effectiveness and efficiency of the FCM method relative to the radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. The data demonstrated that FCM detection is three times more sensitive than RIA detection. Only populations of viable Raji cells bearing immune complexes are analyzed because parameters of the FCM analysis permitted the elimination (gating out) of dead cells. The determinations are rapid and the data are immediately available for several additional analyses. Because of the availability of many fluorescent monoclonal antibodies to complement components, viral antigens, light chains and immunoglobulin isotypes, it is possible to detect many components that might be present in the Raji cell bound complexes. Finally, the Raji cells can be characterized in different stages of their cell cycle to generate information about the state of the cells and the density of the receptors involved in binding the complexes.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1986

Susceptibility of normal human lymphocytes to infection with HTLV-III/LAV.

Normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes were tested for their susceptibility to infection with retroviruses isolated from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex. Of 10 normal individuals tested, lymphocytes from all subjects became infected and produced virus as detected by assay for Mg+2-dependent reverse transcriptase. Lymphocytes from different individuals were demonstrated to be either high or low producers of reverse transcriptase after infection. The kinetics of virus production were similar in cells from both high- and low-producing individuals. A significant correlation was observed between high and low viral-producing lymphocytes and expression of the Leu-3/T4 (CD4) surface molecule. Mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed to HTLV-III/LAV manifested productive viral infection, as reflected by the appearance of early syncytia, followed by reverse transcriptase. Unstimulated peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures displayed late syncytia but no detectable reverse transcriptase upon exposure to virus. The addition of anti-human interferon-alpha did not appear to have an appreciable effect on viral production in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed to the virus.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Modification of WR-2721 toxicity and radioprotection by an inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase.

We used levamisole, an inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase, to study the role of that enzyme in mediating the metabolic activation, toxicity, and radioprotection of WR-2721 in intact mice. We found the toxicity of WR-2721 was slightly decreased by prior subcutaneous (SQ) injection of 40 mg/kg of levamisole. In studying the effect of levamisole on WR-2721 radioprotection, we found that intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of levamisole had little or no effect on radioprotection of the gastrointestinal and the hematopoietic systems. Even this small reduction of protection was due in part to the toxicity of levamisole as demonstrated when levamisole was injected following, rather than before, WR-2721-radiation treatment. To determine whether levamisole inhibited the activation (i.e., dephosphorylation) of WR-2721 to WR-1065, we assayed WR-1065 in the jejunum using an HPLC electrochemical assay. SQ injection of 75 mg/kg levamisole 10 min prior to WR-2721 reduced the WR-1065 observed 10 min after WR-2721 administration by 37%. In conclusion, levamisole appears to be too toxic and non-specific to be useful in studying and regulating the metabolism, toxicity and radioprotection of WR-2721.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1986

Clinical and immunologic sequelae of AIDS retrovirus infection.

The Sydney AIDS Project is a prospective immunoepidemiological study of 911 homosexual and bisexual men enrolled between February 1984 and January 1985. Clinical, immunological, and serological studies are performed on these subjects every six months. At enrollment, 39.9% of subjects were seropositive for antibodies to AIDS retrovirus (ARV). Of these 352 seropositive subjects, 28.1% were symptomless with normal immune profiles, 23.6% were symptomless with an immunodeficiency, 18.8% had a clinical illness but normal immune profile, and 29.6% had a clinical illness and immunodeficiency. Of the symptomless subjects, 27.8% were seropositive for antibodies to ARV. Clinically, seropositivity was significantly associated with enlargement of three or more non-inguinal lymph node groups, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly. Immunologically, seropositivity was significantly associated with lower absolute numbers of lymphocytes and T4+ lymphocytes and a lower T4+ : T8+ ratio, compared with seronegative subjects. Seropositive subjects with a clinical illness had a significantly lower percentage of T4+ lymphocytes and lower T4+ : T8+ ratio than did those who were symptomless. However, the absolute number of T4+ cells was not significantly different between subjects with a clinical illness and those who were symptomless. Subjects whose sera were positive by immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay but were negative by radioimmune precipitation assay had a lower number and percentage of T4+ lymphocytes than subjects who were positive by all three tests. These results demonstrate a wide variety of clinical and immunological responses to ARV infection. Prospective study of these subjects will enable us to define further the natural history of ARV infection and factors associated with progression.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Rapid immunodiagnosis of cytomegalovirus pneumonia by bronchoalveolar lavage using human and murine monoclonal antibodies.

Bronchoalveolar lavage material from 54 immunocompromised patients with interstitial pneumonia was examined by immunofluorescence with cytomegalovirus-specific monoclonal antibodies. Twelve patients (22%) had cytomegalovirus detected in their lavaged cells, and 9 of these patients (17%) had proven cytomegalovirus pneumonitis. This assay detected all samples with cytomegalovirus when the virus was detected by established methods either at the time of lavage or after any other procedure in the subsequent 2 months; that is, it had a sensitivity of 100%. Cytomegalovirus could be detected within 3 hours of the lavage, and a clear correlation was seen between the number of fluorescent cells and the presence of cytomegalovirus pneumonia. All 9 patients with pneumonitis had more than 0.5% fluorescent cells, whereas the 3 patients in whom cytomegalovirus was detected without pneumonia had significantly fewer fluorescent cells. This method provides a sensitive, rapid, and quantifiable system for detection of cytomegalovirus, facilitating the early diagnosis and treatment of cytomegalovirus pneumonia.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Impaired antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic activity in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Since the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is characterized by opportunistic infections and malignancies indicative of a profound suppression in cell-mediated immunity, we investigated the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with AIDS against chicken red blood cells (CRBC). A marked decrease in ADCC-CRBC activity was observed from patients with AIDS as compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, suppression in ADCC activity was seen when mononuclear cells from healthy subjects were assayed using media containing 25% or 40% sera from AIDS patients. Two of two patients with AIDS and impaired ADCC-CRBC activity were also found to have in vivo impaired reticuloendothelial system Fc-specific clearance of 51Cr-labelled, anti-Rho (D) IgG-sensitized autologous erythrocytes. These data provide further evidence of monocyte-macrophage dysfunction in AIDS and help explain the widespread occurrence of opportunistic pathogens in AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗