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Biomedical subjects

J Gold

Publications and source records attributed to J Gold.

222 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Human embryonic stem cells: culture, differentiation, and genetic modification for regenerative medicine applications.

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells can proliferate extensively in culture and can differentiate into representatives of all three embryonic germ layers in vitro and in vivo. The undifferentiated hES cells have now been cultured for more than 50 passages in vitro, yet maintain a normal karyotype. The hES cells express a series of specific surface antigens, as well as OCT-4 and human telomerase, proteins associated with a pluripotent and immortal phenotype. On differentiation, OCT-4 and human telomerase expression decreases with the emergence of a maturing population of cells. During hES cell differentiation, modulation of the expression of many genes has been evaluated using microarray analysis. To improve the ease, reproducibility, and scalability of hES culture, methods have been developed to propagate the cells in the absence of mouse embryonic cell feeders. hES cells maintained in culture using extracellular matrix factors together with mouse embryonic cell conditioned medium proliferate indefinitely while maintaining a normal karyotype, proliferation rate, and complement of undifferentiated cell markers. hES cells cultured without feeder layers retain their capacity to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers in vitro and in teratomas. The hES cells can also be genetically modified transiently or stably using both plasmid and viral gene transfer agents. These analyses and technological developments will aid in the realization of the full potential of hES cells for both research and therapeutic applications.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Premature mortality in Australia 1983-1992, the first decade of the AIDS epidemic.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the trends in premature mortality due to selected causes in Australia and in selected States for the whole population and for adults aged 25 to 44 years. DESIGN: Analysis of data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and the National AIDS Registry for the 10 years from 1983 to 1992. Premature mortality was measured in terms of years of potential life lost before the age of 75 years (YPLL-75). Trends in premature mortality due to AIDS were compared with those for lung cancer, melanoma of the skin, breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, acute myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, traffic accidents and suicide. RESULTS: There have been marked increases in premature mortality due to AIDS and suicide in young men and an increase in deaths due to breast cancer in young women over the past decade. The overall number of potential years of life lost has remained constant, partially because these increases have been counterbalanced by declines in deaths from traffic accidents, acute myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular disease. The increasing trend in premature mortality due to AIDS is strongest in New South Wales, followed by Victoria and Queensland, with smaller increases in the other States and Territories. CONCLUSIONS: Apparent advances in medical care have reduced premature deaths from acute myocardial infarction and stroke and public health measures are likely to have reduced traffic accident deaths; but at the same time there have been serious increases in HIV, suicide and breast cancer among young adults.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗