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Biomedical subjects

J Goddard

Publications and source records attributed to J Goddard.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Moderate, rapidly induced hypertension as a cause of intraventricular hemorrhage in the newborn beagle model.

Nine anesthetized, artificially ventilated, term newborn beagle puppies were given phenylephrine hydrochloride intravenously while systemic arterial, carotid arterial, and jugular venous blood pressures, and carotid arterial blood flow were monitored. Systemic blood pressure rose within seconds from a mean of 53.68 +/- 1.10 mm Hg to a mean of 81.92 +/- 5.14 mm Hg. Hypertension was maintained for up to one hour in each animal. Four of the nine pups had intraventricular hemorrhages that were visible to gross inspection at autopsy, and seven of the nine pups had subependymal hemorrhages. The blood pressures produced in these animals were within the range of those seen in premature infants. Thus, moderate, rapidly induced systemic hypertension may be a cause of intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature human newborn infant.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Ultrasound of the whole breast utilizing a dedicated automated breast scanner.

Innovations in design of a dedicated breast scanner resulted in automation of the scanning process, the production of high resolution images of the whole breast and an efficient mode of image review. The results of clinical evaluation of the prototype of this breast scanner investigating normal breasts as well as benign and malignant breast lesions are presented.

Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous↗
PubMed1980

Intraventricular hemorrhage--an animal model.

Hemodynamic monitoring was carried out in 9 newborn beagle puppies exposed to hypercarbic insult. 4 animals were exposed to slowly increasing carbon dioxide tensions without hypoxemia; 5 animals were exposed to rapid, intense increase in carbon dioxide tensions without hypoxemia. 2 of the 5 puppies (40%) exposed to the rapid hypercarbia developed intraventricular hemorrhage characteristic of that found in the immature human. All of the puppies exhibited germinal matrix layers comparable to those of 30- to 32-week gestational age human infants. Significantly higher systemic arterial and jugular venous pressures were documented during the baseline and experimental periods in the 2 animals that bled. A predisposition to hemorrhage may have been present in these 2 animals because of hypertension in the baseline period. This preliminary study demonstrates that a histological model for IVH exists in an animal which is stable enough for extensive hemodynamic monitoring.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Beta-2-microglobulin as renal diagnostic agent.

Our group has undertaken the determination of serum levels of beta-2-microglobulin in 250 patients. We have compared this diagnostic entity to radioisotopic glomerular filtration rate, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen. We have also analyzed the cost effectiveness of each of these diagnostic entities and combinations thereof. We conclude that beta-2-microglobulin is a simple test to perform; it is specific, sensitive, and accurate. Its cost effectiveness is excellent. We advocate its wide clinical usage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Cellular attachment as a sensitive indicator of the effects of diagnostic ultrasound exposure on cultured human cells.

Dispersed cultured human cells (T-1 kidney, FL embryonic kidney, ES amniotic, and JHA amniotic) were seeded into plastic Petri dishes, incubated for 45 minutes, exposed to a clinical ultrasound source [total power output, 1.76 +/- 0.18 (S.D.) mW] for 0.25-60 minutes, and the medium replaced. Attachment was significantly reduced after only 0.50 minute of exposure. For all exposures, sensitivity of the JHA amniotic cells was greater than that of the kidney lines. Like incremental reduction in attachment, differential sensitivity among cell lines became less pronounced with protracted exposures. Thus cellular attachment is a sensitive parameter for studying the effects of diagnostic ultrasound.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed1978

Effect of cigarette smoking on gastric emptying.

Gastric emptying after a test meal was studied in 17 normal volunteers--10 habitual smokers and seven non-smokers. The solid component of the test meal was labelled with technetium and the liquid component with indium. After one meal the habitual smokers smoked two cigarettes. Emptying curves were produced for both technetium and indium, and the differences between curves for meals with and without cigarettes were analysed. Cigarette smoking accelerated the rate at which the liquid component of a meal left the stomach. This may be important in the pathogenesis of duodneal ulcer and the delay in healing caused by cigarette smoking.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1978

Effect of secretogogues on mucosal blood flow in the antrum and corpus of the stomach.

Gastric mucosal blood flow in the rat was determined by the indicator fractionation technique of Sapirstein using Rb86Cl. Antral and corpus flow rates were determined in response to increasing doses of pentagastrin and histamine and the effect of vagotomy was determined. With progressive stimulation the antral:corpus flow ratio increased with both stimulants; however, vagotomy and noradrenaline reduced blood flow in both areas of mucosa. It is concluded that the antrum, as well as the corpus, actively responds to secretory stimulants by an increase in mucosal blood flow and support is provided for the theory that the antrum plays an active role in the control of parietal cell blood flow and secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Gastric emptying of wholemeal and white bread.

We studied the rates at which solid and liquid leave the stomach after meals of wholemeal and white bread by using a double isotope technique. There was no difference in the rates at which the solid phases of the gastric contents left the stomach but liquid left the stomach significantly more rapidly with white bread than with wholemeal bread. Furthermore, the amount of liquid leaving the stomach unaccompanied and therefore unbuffered by solid was significantly greater after while bread than wholemeal bread. These findings may be of significance in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer and they provide a rational basis for a possible form of dietary treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1970

Nucleated sites for the assembly of cytoplasmic microtubules in the ectodermal cells of blastulae of Arbacia punctulata.

In the ectodermal cells of sea urchin blastulae, the microtubules converge and appear to make contact with three distinct cytoplasmic foci or satellites associated with the basal body of the cilium. Beneath the nucleus, which lies in the apical end of the cell, the microtubules are aligned predominantly parallel to the cell's long axis and could thus make contact with the satellites as is directly suggested by observations on sections at or near the planes of the satellites. After the embryos are treated with low temperature (0 degrees C), the microtubules disassemble; however, the satellites can still be recognized. Upon rewarming, the microtubules reappear. In early stages of reformation, when the tubules in the cell consist of short segments, tubules have only been found in the apical part of the cell. One end of each microtubule appears to make contact with its respective satellite, or is aligned so that it could contact one of the satellites, provided serial sections were cut and collected in order. After longer periods of recovery, the microtubules elongate; as before, one end of each makes contact with a satellite or is aligned so that it could attach to a satellite. Segments of microtubules seen in the basal region of the cell are aligned parallel to the long axis of the cell as in the untreated ectodermal cells and are therefore interpreted as extensions of those tubules making contact with one of the satellites. On the basis of these observations, we suggest that assembly of microtubules is initiated at the satellites. These sites, perhaps best referred to as "nucleating sites," thereby could exert considerable control over the distribution of microtubules in cells. It is hoped that this preliminary report will be followed up by a more detailed study using serial sections.

Animals↗