Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Goasguen

Publications and source records attributed to J Goasguen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Overview of initial clinical studies with intravenous and oral GR43175 in acute migraine.

The novel 5-HT 1-like receptor agonist GR43175 has been evaluated as a treatment for acute migraine in a series of open, dose-ranging and controlled clinical trials. Patients with severe attacks of migraine have attended special pain or headache clinics for treatment and assessment. Given intravenously as a bolus, GR43175 is capable of aborting all migraine symptoms within 10-30 min in over 90% of cases at a dose of 64 micrograms/kg. Characteristic transient and reversible side effects with such a regimen include feelings of heaviness, pressure and occasionally warmth or tingling which can be diminished by extending the duration of drug administration to a short infusion. Initial dose-ranging studies with a dispersible tablet formulation of GR43175 have revealed an efficacy of 70-85% within 2 h with doses of 70-280 mg. Furthermore, tolerability is excellent. These encouraging early results warrant larger-scale controlled studies of GR43175 in acute migraine.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Isolation of HIV in a seronegative demented patient without symptoms of immune deficiency.

A 60-year-old male patient, originating from West Africa, developed acute and regressive neurologic symptoms associated with aphasia, apraxia, acalculia, behavioral impairments, and an epileptic phase. Eighteen months after the onset of the disease, the patient was almost normal. All along the clinical course, biological abnormality patterns were minor. We noted only a mild neutropenia in the blood. We also observed a weak lymphocytosis and elevated protein content in the cerebrospinal fluid. Electroencephalogram examination revealed slow waves which disappeared after remission. A weak ventricular dilatation was detected on CT scan. Neither vascular, nor tumoral, nor a classical infectious origin could be identified. While the patient was seronegative to HIV, a HIV-like virus was isolated twice from his peripheral blood lymphocytes during the disease. Eighteen months later, the patient remained seronegative. He developed neither AIDS nor immunodeficiency. The subtype of HIV has been isolated and characterized, and its neurotropism is being investigated.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

[Multiple neuritis].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Diabetic Neuropathies↗
PubMed1985

[Morning changes in the sigma ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Westergren) and C-reactive protein].

A comparative study of the morning variation of the Sigma and Westergren sedimentation rates, and C-reactive protein was undertaken in 90 patients with osteoarticular disease (measurements at 07:00, 09:00, 10:00, and 12:00). The mean values of all three tests were elevated at 07:00 in patients with inflammatory disease, and no significant variation was observed in the Westergren sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein throughout the morning, irregardless of whether an anti-inflammatory agent was used. On the other hand, there was a very significant increase in the Sigma sedimentation rate at 09:00 in untreated patients (p less than 0.0001, n = 24). This morning increase of the Sigma sedimentation rate was not related to food intake, identical value being obtained in fasting or postprandial samples from the same patients. The Sigma sedimentation rate at 09:00 was significantly reduced however, in patients treated with an effective level of an anti-inflammatory agent (p less than 0.001, n = 32). This decrease varied in size and duration depending on the anti-inflammatory agent used. The existence of a circadian rhythm of the Sigma sedimentation rate which can be reversed with anti-inflammatory drug usage is helpful in understanding the chronobiologic aspects of the inflammatory process. Numerous therapeutic applications can be foreseen.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Isolated abducens nucleus damage due to histiocytosis X. Electro-oculographic analysis and physiological deductions.

A case of complete rightward conjugate gaze paralysis, with electro-oculographic recordings, is reported. The only additional feature on clinical examination was a right infranuclear facial paresis. Radiographs of the chest showed multiple infiltrates in both lung fields; lung biopsy with ultrastructural study led to the diagnosis of histiocytosis X. A CT scan showed a single small tumour-like lesion, hyperdense and clearly defined, lying centrally in the fourth ventricle with a small ventral extension located just to the right of the midline. With appropriate treatment all the clinical signs rapidly subsided, together with the disappearance of the right ventral extension of the lesion visible on the CT scan. The clinical and CT scan data suggested that the initial parenchymatous damage almost exclusively involved the right abducens nucleus, a structure which is very rarely affected in an isolated manner. Both main clinical features of the abducens nucleus syndrome which distinguish it from the recently described paramedian pontine reticular formation syndrome were present, namely absence of all ipsilateral conjugate movements and persistence of ipsilaterally directed saccades in the contralateral hemifield of movement. Furthermore, differences between peak velocities of both eyes in oculocephalic movements suggested that a pathway analogous, at least functionally, to the ascending tract of Deiters described in the cat and in the monkey may exist in man. Lastly, some recent clinical data concerning this unusual cause of CNS damage are briefly reviewed.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1984

Pontine metastasis with dissociated bilateral horizontal gaze paralysis.

A clinicopathological case of pontine metastatic tumour is reported with an oculomotor syndrome including bilateral horizontal gaze paralysis affecting saccades and foveal pursuit. During full-field pursuit, oculocephalic movement, and after caloric stimulation, the right eye alone was able to move slowly only 30 degrees to the right of the midline. Convergence and vertical eye movements were unaffected in either eye. The lesion lay in the whole left pontine tegmentum and partly in the right pontine tegmentum which was also strongly compressed and displaced to the right. The bilateral horizontal gaze paralysis resulted from damage to both paramedian pontine reticular formations. The unusual combination of an absence of foveal pursuit with the persistence of a rightward full-field pursuit analysed in the light of recent experimental work, suggested a clear separation between the brainstem pathways of these two types of pursuit movement. Lastly, according to our data and other clinicopathological findings previously reported, it appeared also that the paramedian pontine reticular formation role in the triggering of voluntary vertical saccades is less significant in man than in the monkey.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

[Cerebral and pulmonary histiocytosis X. Neurologic manifestations disclosing a pseudotumoral formation on the floor of the 4th ventricle].

The authors report a case of histiocytosis X which presented with neurological manifestations in a 20 year old man: episodes of headache with vomiting, followed, three months later, by the development of paralysis of the right 6th and 7th cranial nerves associated with nystagmus. The CT scan revealed a tumour-like lesion on the floor of the IVth ventricle with a long axis of 18 mm. The chest x-ray revealed diffuse nodular opacities in the pleural and apical regions with features suggestive of histiocytosis X. The diagnosis was confirmed by surgical biopsy of the typical pulmonary nodules which were rich in histiocytes with X bodies on electron microscopy. The neurological signs disappeared after one month of treatment with Prednisone (1 mg/kg/day) and Vincaleukoblastine (10 mg/week). By the 3rd month, the pulmonary lesions were reduced and the intra-ventricular formation had regressed by 40%. In the authors' series of 29 cases of confirmed histiocytosis X in adults, the present case is the only one with a clinical neurological presentation, apart from 3 cases of diabetes insipidus. A review of the literature confirms the rarity of this type of presentation. The suggestion of the diagnosis by the chest x-ray appearance enabled a dangerous neuro-surgical operation to be avoided.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1984

[Cerebral bilharziasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni].

A 21-year-old French serviceman who had been posted to black Africa on several occasions between 1978 and 1981 was hospitalized in August 1981 with generalized convulsive seizures. The only abnormal finding on clinical, paraclinical and biological investigation was blood hypereosinophilia. A further generalized convulsive fit occurred in August 1982. A CT scan then showed a poorly defined hyperdense occipital area. Pathological examination of the operative specimen confirmed that the lesion was due to schistosoma mansoni. Investigation failed to detect clinical or biological evidence of other parasitic lesions. Specific serology was negative.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Absence of functional messenger RNA for glycogen phosphorylase in the muscle of two patients with McArdle's disease.

(1) Two unrelated cases of McArdle's disease (glycogen storage disease type V, deficiency in muscle-type glycogen phosphorylase, EC.2.4.1.1) with no detectable inactive protein, and two heterozygous relatives of one patient, have been investigated for the presence or absence of functional messenger RNA. Methods were developed and scaled down to be compatible with clinical-size biopsies. (2) Total muscle RNA was prepared and translated in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system. Neosynthesized products were isolated by immunoaffinity microchromatography. Phosphorylase was compared with control enzymes neosynthesized and purified under the same conditions. (3) No functional mRNA for phosphorylase could be detected in the muscles of the two patients. A decreased amount of messenger for phosphorylase, compared with the control enzymes, was found in the muscles of the two heterozygotes. (4) Exploration of functional messenger RNA in clinical enzymopathies should be readily adaptable to a number of enzymatic diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Adherence properties of hairy cells.

The Hairy Cells (HC) from four patients with Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL) were studied. These cells exhibited membrane properties of B-lymphocytes; quantitation of surface membrane immunoglobulins by the peroxidase labeled antibody technique showed an average number of 20,000 to 40,000 immunoglobulin molecules per marked cell. Observations by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that HC have a great capacity to adhere quickly to glass coverslips, to phagocytose latex particles, and to resist trypsin treatment. These cells possess numerous inter cellular connections forming a network on the glass-coverslip, and thin cytoplasmic projections enabling them to adhere. When cells adhering to a support are stimulated by latex particles, they are able to phagocytose these particles and this results in the swelling of the cell due to the unpleating of numerous folds of the membrane. After this stimulation, HC appeared smooth. Our SEM analysis provides an explanation of the disappearance of the hairy appearance classically described. After trypsin treatment, the adhering HC remain on the glass even if they have suffered membrane damage. In conclusion, SEM examination of adhering cells and phagocytosis demonstrate the variability of the membrane aspect of the HCL cells under various culture conditions.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

[Chronic neurological syndrome resulting from intoxication with metallic uranium (author's transl)].

In 1972, a male patient, then 44-year-old, developed foot cramps and leg pain together with increasing gait disorders and a tendency to fall backwards. In 1976, an extrapyramidal syndrome with ataxia, nystagmus and peripheral neuropathy was discovered on neurological examination. The symptoms persisted and remained of obscure origin until 1979, when a detailed aetiological enquiry disclosed that during at least the first three years of his illness the patient had had on his desk a bar of metallic uranium which he frequently handled. Stool analysis showed significant uranium levels. In the absence of any other cause, it would appear that the neurological syndrome was due to intoxication with uranium. Although this had not been previously described in man, there are occasional reports of uranium toxicity in laboratory animals.

Adult↗