A note on loss, pain, and masochism in children.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J Glenn.
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Three analyses are presented in which acute trauma (overwhelming internal or external stimulation so great as to preclude the patient's utilizing his usual defenses adequately) in childhood contributed to the development of masochism. The patients later attempted mastery through repetition, reversal, and erotization , and employed regression as a defense against feared oedipal wishes.
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The fluorescence intensity of membrane-bound N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine increases dramatically when T5 bacteriophage infect colicin Ib plasmid-containing hosts. This dramatic increase is not seen during normal infections or in infections wherein either the plasmid or the phage contain mutations which allow productive infection to occur. Two smaller increases in fluorescence intensity are seen, however, in all T5 infections in which the characteristic two-step injection of DNA can proceed.
T5 bacteriophage cannot replicate in Escherichia coli containing the colicinogenic factor ColIb. We show that active transport of proline and glutamine begins to decline at about 10 min after infection, the same time at which macromolecular synthesis stops during abortive infection. Uptake of alpha-methylglucoside is stimulated, however, and this change is evident even by 5 min after infection. These changes in membrane function do not occur during infections that are productive because of mutations on the plasmid or phage. The results suggest that the abortive infection is caused by membrane depolarization.
When T5 bacteriophage infect a colicin Ib-containing host, a variety of membrane changes and inhibition of macromolecular synthesis occur. This work shows that all these changes also occur when a mutant of T5 that can only inject 8% of its DNA is used. This indicates that all the information necessary for the abortive infection is present on this 8% (first-step-transfer) DNA.
The Canadian Home Fitness Test (CHFT) and the Bruce treadmill test were performed by 230 men aged 45 to 69 years. Because of inaccuracies in the counting of heart rates, less was known about the fitness of the men after testing than before. In addition, inaccuracies in the test record and design were uncovered. A more accurate estimate of fitness could be obtained when the subjects' own rating of exertional intensity was substituted for heart rate counting. The CHFT is a marketing tool of Health and Welfare Canada that may be useful in selling fitness, but as a measure of fitness in Canadian homes it is likely to be misleading.
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Psychoanalytic knowledge of adolescence helps us to understand the protagonists of Peter Shaffer's play Equus. Alan Strang, the seventeen-year-old who maimed six horses, had undergone a retreat from oedipal wishes to narcissism typical of teenagers. His fragile attempts at achieving a sound sense of identity are undermined when his seeking of a noninestuous object produces panic and impotence. Dr. Dysart, the psychiatrist who envies his patient's passion, and fears hurting him through treatment, displays in an exaggerated way countertransferences often seen in therapists of adolescents. In addition, his doubts have some foundation in that the treatment he employs, catharsis, can encourage primitive defenses and the outpouring of uncontrolled, unneutralized drive derivatives. This is more likely to prevent adaptive creativity than the cure the doctor dreads. Finally, some technical problems in dealing with sublimations in psychoanalysis (which is not Dr. Dysart's form of treatment) are discussed.
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