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Biomedical subjects

J Gilmore

Publications and source records attributed to J Gilmore.

50 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Bromo-eudistomin D, a novel inducer of calcium release from fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum that causes contractions of skinned muscle fibers.

Bromo-eudistomin D induced a contraction of the chemically skinned fibers from skeletal muscle at concentrations of 10 microM or more. This contractile response to bromo-eudistomin D was completely blocked by 10 mM procaine. The extravascular Ca2+ concentrations of the heavy fractions of the fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum (HSR) were measured directly by a Ca2+ electrode to examine the effect of bromo-eudistomin D on the sarcoplasmic reticulum. After the HSR was loaded with Ca2+ by the ATP-dependent Ca2+ pump, the addition of 10 microM bromo-eudistomin D caused Ca2+ release that was followed by spontaneous Ca2+ reuptake. In the presence of 2 microM ruthenium red or 4 mM MgCl2, no Ca2+ release was induced by 20 microM bromo-eudistomin D. The rate of 45Ca2+ efflux from HSR, which had been passively preloaded with 45Ca2+, was accelerated 7 times by 10 microM bromo-eudistomin D. The concentration of bromo-eudistomin D for half-maximum effect on the apparent efflux rate was 1.5 microM, while that of caffeine was 0.6 mM. The bromo-eudistomin D-evoked efflux of 45Ca2+ was abolished by 2 microM ruthenium red or 0.5 mM MgCl2. Bromo-eudistomin D was found to be 400 times more potent than caffeine in its Ca2+-releasing action but was similar in its action in other respects. These results indicate that bromo-eudistomin D may induce Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum through physiologically relevant Ca2+ channels.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1980

Uptake and degradation of lipoproteins by human trophoblastic cells in primary culture.

It has been shown previously that human placental trophoblastic cells use principally lipoprotein-cholesterol for progesterone synthesis. In the present investigation, human placental trophoblastic cells in primary culture were employed to study the kinetics of uptake and degradation of lipoproteins by trophoblastic tissue. Maximal uptake of [125I]iodo-low density lipoprotein ([125I]LDL) by these cells was achieved by 5-6 h, while degradation of [125I]iodo-LDL was linear from 30 min to 32 h. Uptake and degradation of [125I]iodo-LDL as a function of substrate concentration was studied. The apparent dissociation constants (KD) for both uptake and degradation processes were calculated from these data and were found to be similar (1.03 X 10(-8) and 6.8 X 10(-9) M, respectively), a finding which is suggestive that these processes are causally related. Chloroquine inhibited [125I]iodo-LDL degradation by these cells, a finding that is indicative that LDL degradation is dependent on lysosomal proteolytic activity. When nonradiolabeled high density lipoprotein (HDL) was added to the culture medium, there was little effect on either uptake or degradation of [125I]iodo-LDL; however, when nonradiolabeled LDL was added to the culture medium the net uptake and degradation of [125I]iodo-LDL were diminished progressively as the concentration of nonradiolabeled LDL was increased, findings which are indicative of specificity of the LDL receptor. Uptake and degradation of [125I]iodo-HDL by these cells as a function of substrate concentration were examined. Uptake of [125I]iodo-HDL increased in a linear fashion as the concentration of [125I]iodo-HDL was increased up to 1000 microgram protein/ml; however, degradation of [125I]iodo-HDL was negligible. It is concluded that utilization of lipoproteins by human placental trophoblastic cells is mediated by high affinity, low capacity receptors specific for LDL. These cells do not degrade the protein component of HDL.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1976

Urinary cholesterol. VIII. Its excretion in women with ovarian neoplasms.

The urinary excretion of nonesterified cholesterol (NEC) has been investigated in 57 women with ovarian neoplasms and/or related nonneoplastic diseases. Twelve patients had benign tumors or lesions and 45 had malignant neoplasms of their ovaries. All patients with nonmalignant ovarian tumors or lesions had normal NEC excretion irrespective of the type of tumor or lesion or its degree of extension. In contrast, urinary NEC hyperexcretion occurred with the following frequencies in patients with active malignant ovarian neoplasms: 18 of 19 cystadenocarcinomas of the serous and/or mucinous types; one of one endometrioid carcinoma; four of four malignant granulosa cell tumors; two of two mixed malignant germ cell tumors; and one of one malignant mixed müllerian tumor. Single cases of clear cell carcinoma and of rhabdomyosarcoma had a normal NEC excretion. Urinary hyperexcretion of NEC was also found after surgery in two of seven surviving patients with apparently localized resectable disease according to their staging. It is possible that in these two patients NEC hyperexcretion was due to undetected foci of cancer (wrong staging), since neither omental and peritoneal biopsies, nor cytologic examination of peritoneal washings or free fluid were performed. A normal excretion of urinary NEC has been characteristic of 19 of 21 surviving patients treated by surgery and adjunctive therapy in whom we have performed follow-up NEC determinations. They were 16 of 18 cystadenocarcinomas malignant germ cell tumor. The 94% correlation between the presence of proven active ovarian carcinomas and urinary NEC hyperexcretion is significant. The clinical significance of this investigation is even greater when one considers that cystadenocarcinomas constitute more than 75% of all primary malignant ovarian tumors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

The dilemmas of coordinating treatment with criminal justice.

Problems the Abraxas Foundation encountered in accommodating therapeutic community practices to the justice system in order to develop an alternative for courtstipulated drug offenders are reviewed. First, traditional expectations for prospective clients' motivation proved to be unrealistic. Second, courts' needs for information on their clients' progress appeared to conflict with client confidentiality laws. Finally, Abraxas resented what it initially took to be the courts' intrusion into program affairs. In response, Abraxas has sensitized its staff to the courts' role, established a uniform policy on progress reports, promoted communications with external agencies, and emphasized coordination of treatment effort with court officials.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

Urinary cholesterol. VII. The significance of the excretion of nonesterified cholesterol in patients with uterine carcinomas.

The urinary excretion of nonesterified cholesterol (NEC) in 170 women with cervical and endometrial carcinomas has been investigated. Control patients (236) included: 1) women with other types of (benign and/or malignant diseases of the pelvic organs; 2) patients with non-steroid-related neoplasms; 3) patients with benign and/or malignant breast diseases other than carcinoma; and 4) patients with a variety of non-neoplastic diseases. NEC was determined by a gas-liquid chromatographic procedure. The range of NEC excretion for clinically healthy normal women (64) was previously established by this method. NEC hyperexcretion was defined as any NEC value over 1.5 mg/24 hours. The results showed NEC hyperexcretion in 65 of 68 women with active carcinoma of the cervix, including 13 patients with carcinoma in situ, and in 42 of 45 women with active carcinoma of the endometrium. In contrast, a normal excretion of NEC occurred in all the patients (77) of the first and second control groups, in 39 (80%) of the 48 patients of the third control group (high-risk group), and in 101 of the 111 patients of the fourth control group. Sequential studies performed in patients with uterine carcinomas have demonstrated an almost perfect correlation between the NEC excretion and the clinical status of the patient following surgical and/or radiation therapy. Of 57 patients (31 cervix and 26 endometrium) in which the NEC studies were started after treatment was instituted, 53 have normal NEC excretion in the multiple determination performed to date. Presently these patients have no clinical, chemical, or radiologic evidence of cancer. It is concluded that urinary NEC determination can be used as an additional diagnostic biochemical test to detect active carcinoma of the steroid-producing glands and their main target organs, and that in women with uterine carcinomas, the test can be used as an objective laboratory method to monitor the course of the disease and the response of the patient to therapy.

Breast Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dual-porosity expanded polytetrafluoroethylene implants for lip, nasolabial groove, and melolabial groove augmentation.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical outcomes with the use of a dual-porosity expanded polytetrafluoroethylene implant for midfacial rejuvenation. DESIGN: An institutional review board-approved retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients who underwent implantation with the dual-porosity expanded polytetrafluoroethylene implant between 2001 and 2005. RESULTS: A total of 170 patients, with 612 implants, were evaluated. Only 8 patients had minor complications, 3 of which necessitated implant removal. The overall results of independent observer analysis of outcomes were favorable in the majority of cases. CONCLUSION: The dual-porosity expanded polytetrafluoroethylene implant is safe and reliable to use for midfacial implantation.

Face↗