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Biomedical subjects

J Gillquist

Publications and source records attributed to J Gillquist.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The effect of derotation braces on knee motion.

Four different types of derotation braces and an elastic knee support were tested on ice-hockey players. The elastic support did not noticeably affect rotation and abduction-adduction of the knee. All four braces reduced rotation and abduction-adduction in test actions simulating sports situations. Flexion-extension was slightly affected by two of the individually made braces in one action. Running a figure eight was slower with two of the individually made braces. The best braces, one individually made and one ready-made, limited rotation and abduction-adduction effectively, but did not affect performance. Minor differences in design may account for differences in effect and may alter the protection afforded by a brace.

Braces↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of cruciate ligament injuries. A review.

A good system for evaluating the degree of impairment, disability, and handicap of the patient with a cruciate ligament injury includes functional score, activity grading, stability testing, and measurements of performance and strength, all of which are relevant to different aspects of knee function. The symptom-related knee score gives a more differentiated picture of the disability than does a binomial rating of symptoms. A way of grading the disability in an objective way is to use a performance test. This test could also be used for monitoring rehabilitation before full activity has been resumed. The activity grading scale is very useful for grading the handicap.

Gait↗
PubMed1987

The correlation between osteoarthrosis as seen on radiographs and on arthroscopy.

The correlation between arthroscopic and radiographic osteoarthrosis was studied in 63 patients (51 +/- 12 years) with degenerative changes in the medial compartment of the knee involving the medial meniscus with or without chondral damage. Chondral damage on arthroscopy was classified in grades 1-3 modified after Outerbridge. The radiographic evaluation was done according to Ahlbäck classification. Twenty-eight patients (44%) did not show any significant chondral damage on arthroscopy (grades 0-1). The radiographic findings in this group were usually normal. Three patients, however, showed a slight narrowing of the medial joint space (Ahlbäck I). All three had severely degenerated menisci, and two of them showed superficial fibrillation of both the tibia and the femur. Twenty-four patients (38%) showed a partial thickness chondral damage with fragmentation of the surface (grade 2). Radiographic findings were usually normal; however, patients with involvement of both the tibia and the femur often showed a joint space narrowing on radiographs. Eleven patients (18%) showed destruction of the cartilage down to subchondral bone (grade 3). The typical radiographic finding was a joint space obliteration (Ahlbäck II). Involvement also of the lateral compartment as assessed on arthroscopy was significantly more common in patients with 2nd and 3rd degree chondral disease and Ahlbäck II and III on radiographs than in those with 2nd and 3rd degree chondral damage and normal radiographs. In all but one of the patients with involvement of both compartments, the lateral compartment was considered normal on radiographic examination.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Knee function after meniscus repair and total meniscectomy--a 7-year follow-up study.

Meniscus repair has been performed with a high success rate where the rupture occurs within the vascular zone. However, no study has compared the functional result of meniscus repair and total meniscectomy in similar patients with similar kinds of meniscus tear, with or without intact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). We studied 48 knees, 44 men and 4 women divided into matched pairs, some with, and some without torn anterior-cruciate ligaments. Follow-up was done 6-8 years after surgery. We concluded that meniscal repair has a high success rate in stable and unstable knees. At 7-year follow-up, meniscal repair showed no better functional result than meniscectomy. A meniscus repair technique which allows early range of motion training and muscle rehabilitation is, therefore, needed to improve functional end results.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Calcar unloading after hip replacement. A cadaver study of femoral stem designs.

The load transfer from the pelvis to the femur in extension and 45 degrees of flexion was examined in normal hips and hips replaced with 11 different prostheses. The cadaver specimens were mounted in a jig and the load patterns recorded by strain gauges attached to critical points determined in a pilot study, with the aid of a photoelastic coating. All the prostheses except an "isoelastic" model showed marked reduction of strain in the calcar area compared with the normal femur. A collar increased the strain to about 40 per cent of normal. No significant difference was noted between curved and straight stems. There were no major differences between the prostheses on loading in flexion.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1987

Precision in reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. A new positioning device compared with hand drilling.

To evaluate the precision of a drill guide for use in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and the reproducibility of the results, the device was tested in 30 operations (Group 1); 17 operations were done freehand (Group 2); 10 cadaver knees served as anatomic controls. The internal orifices of the bony channels in Groups 1 and 2 and the central point of the anterior cruciate ligament attachments in the cadaver group were identified on lateral radiographic views. The position of the tibial ligament attachments in the cadaver group did not differ from the orifices of the drilled channels in Groups 1 and 2. The position of the femoral attachments in the cadaver group did not differ from the orifices of the drilled channels in Group 1, but between the cadaver group and Group 2, and Groups 1 and 2, the positions of the femoral attachments differed. The hand-drilled channels were generally located too far anteriorly, and the scatter of the attachments was 1.8 times greater. The drill guide enables reproducible anatomic positioning of an anterior cruciate ligament graft.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) evaluation format for assessment of artificial or autologous anterior cruciate reconstruction results.

The ACL evaluation format is a modification and extension of Marshall's approach to evaluation of ligamentous injuries of the knee, whereby functional and clinical improvement can be analyzed independently as well as cumulatively. There are three major parts entered on separate forms: history and surgery (Form 1); initial evaluation and follow-up (Form 2); and complications (Form 3). Form 1 has five sections: patient information (demography); history of injury; previous surgery; surgery performed; and postoperative course. Form 2 has six sections. These are the Lysholm knee function scoring scale, Tegner activity level rating scale, physical findings, complications, supplementary data, and Tegner activity level definitions. Form 2 records the preoperative and follow-up assessments for up to a five-year follow-up period. Form 2 can be used independently of the other forms. Form 3 elaborates in a detailed manner a complication occurrence. The format provides the evaluator with an easy to use, "computer/user friendly," method for the comprehensive assessment of artificial or autologous anterior cruciate reconstruction of the knee. The authors advocate the use of the ACL format as an international standard for data storage to facilitate comparison of results with accuracy and uniformity among investigation centers.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1986

The use of an infusion pump in arthroscopy.

The use of an infusion pump is an effective method of irrigating the joint in arthroscopy. A Sarns roller blood pump is used to pump fluid into the joint through the arthroscope with outflow by gravity drainage through a plastic cannula. Flow and pressure can be adjusted independently. Measurements were made of calf, knee, and thigh swelling after arthroscopy in 42 patients; the average swelling of each was less than 1 cm. In 45 patients, the average rate of flow through the joint was 45 mm/min, with a measured outflow of 40 mm/min. Intraarticular pressure greater than 200 mm Hg can be obtained with the pump, compared with maximum pressures only slightly greater than 100 mm Hg with gravity inflow alone. The operator must carefully monitor the system; retention of excessive fluid can lead to postoperative swelling and morbidity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The correlation between arthroscopic findings and the patellofemoral pain syndrome.

For this study, 1,784 arthroscopies were analysed. Abnormalities of the patellofemoral joint consisting of patellar malalignment and/or patellar chondral damage were present in 175 (10%). Two types of lesion were identified, distinguished by the alignment of the patellofemoral joint, namely, subluxation with or without chondral damage (group I) and chondral damage without subluxation (group II). Group I (mean age, 25 years) included a greater proportion of women than group II; in 72%, the predominant clinical feature was patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Group II (mean age, 43 years) included fewer women; PFPS was found in only 32%, but in 82% there were signs of degenerative joint disease, which could explain the symptoms. Patellar subluxation was correlated to the PFPS, whereas chondral damage alone was not.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Isokinetic torque levels for knee extensors and knee flexors in soccer players.

The knee extensor and knee flexor strengths were measured isokinetically (30 degrees, 180 degrees/s) and isometrically with a Cybex II device in three groups of male soccer players (national team players, n = 13; division I, n = 15; division IV, n = 180) and a group of nonsoccer players (n = 32). There were difference in strength between soccer players and nonsoccer players and between players from different divisions. Correction for body surface area did not affect the results. The knee flexor/knee extensor ratio (H/Q ratio) was significantly higher for soccer players than for nonsoccer players. The fast-speed/slow-speed ratio for knee extensors was higher for nonsoccer players and for national team players than for players from divisions I and IV.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1986

Strengthening exercises for old cruciate ligament tears.

Fifty-three consecutive patients with troublesome old cruciate ligament lesions underwent a 3-month thigh and calf muscle training program. Before training, the diagnosis was established by arthroscopy and clinical examination under anesthesia. Significant improvement in strength, performance, knee score, and activity level took place; the majority were improved and declined surgery. A period of strength training is recommended before the decision to undertake surgery for cruciate ligament injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A modified technique for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery using a new drill guide for isometric positioning of the ACL.

In reconstructing the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) it is important to place the inner ends of the drill channels correctly, to get the ACL into an isometric position. Anatomic studies demonstrate the value of a modified surgical technique using a special drill guide for standardized positioning of the anterior cruciate substitute. The drill guide consists of a metal frame with one adjustable and one fixed guide tube. Drilling is done from the anteromedial aspect of the tibia, upwards, through the joint space and the femur in a straight line, both channels being drilled in a single procedure. The precision of guided drilling was superior to that of free-hand drilling in positioning the ligament in the correct anatomic place.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Stretching exercise and soccer: effect of stretching on range of motion in the lower extremity in connection with soccer training.

Forty-eight players from four senior, male soccer teams were tested for ranges of motion (ROM) in the lower extremity before, immediately after, and 24 h after different forms of soccer training. The players were tested after regular soccer training (A), after soccer training with contract-relax stretching prior to beginning the session (B), and after soccer training with stretching added at the end of the program (C). Each training session lasted 1.5 h. In group A all six ROMs were decreased 24 h after the training. In group B the only change in ROM noted was an increase in knee flexion directly after the training. In group C there was an increase in hip extension, hip flexion, and knee flexion directly after the training.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Exercises for knee flexors and extensors in uninjured soccer players: effects of two different programs.

The effects of two 4-week training programs on knee flexor and extensor strength were measured isokinetically (angular velocity 30 degrees, 180 degrees/s) and isometrically in division IV soccer players. Group A followed a team training program and group B an individual weight training program. Group C served as controls. Muscle strength was not increased by soccer training alone, but was increased by the individual training program, which resulted in significantly better knee extensor strength than did the team training program.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Stabilometry recordings in functional and mechanical instability of the ankle joint.

Functional instability, i.e. recurrent sprains or a feeling of giving way in the joint, is common after ankle sprain. Using stabilometry, an objective and quantitative method for studying postural control, we earlier showed that soccer players with pathological stabilometric results are at risk for ankle joint injury. In the present study we found that the ability to maintain postural equilibrium as demonstrated by stabilometry was reduced among players with functional instability, but was not affected by mechanical instability. The results indicate that coordination and postural control are important for functional instability of the ankle.

Ankle Joint↗