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Biomedical subjects

J Geller

Publications and source records attributed to J Geller.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Acute therapy with megestrol acetate decreases nuclear and cytosol androgen receptors in human BPH tissue.

This study measures the effect of megestrol acetate (Megace), a progestational antiandrogen, on nuclear and cytosol receptor concentrations in human BPH prostates. Prostatic tissue was obtained at surgery from both untreated patients with BPH and patients pretreated for three to eleven days with 120 to 160 mg of Megace daily; tissues were homogenized and separated into cytosol and crude nuclear fractions. Cytosol and salt extractable nuclear fractions were subjected to saturation analysis with 3H R1881 over the range of 0.5 to 10 nmoles in exchange reactions for 20 hours at 15 degrees C. Cytosol receptor concentration decreased significantly from 32.7 to 8.7 femtomoles per mg protein (P less than 0.05); nuclear receptor also was significantly reduced from 317 to 43.8 femtomoles (fmole) per mg DNA (P less than .001). Plasma testosterone also decreased significantly from 3.65 to 1.01 ng/ml in Megace-treated patients. These effects of Megace on receptor concentration appear to be qualitatively quite different from those reported following castration in animals or following high-dose estrogen therapy in humans. The mechanism of action of Megace in decreasing both cytosol and nuclear androgen receptor concentrations is unknown. It is possible that decrease in receptor concentration is secondary to either the progestational or antiandrogenic effects of Megace. These possibilities are currently under study.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1982

The type of current frequency used in transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) affects the androgen receptor.

Blended Bovie current No. 2 destroys androgen receptor in both cytosol and nuclear extracts of prostate tissue. No significant difference was noted in either nuclear or cytosol receptor concentrations between openly resected and electroresected specimens when Bovie current No. 1 was used with cutting loops No. 26 or larger, although total androgen receptor (cytosol plus nuclear) was significantly reduced in the electroresected specimens. The androgen receptor method used is highly reliable for prostate obtained by either open resection or electroresection using pure cutting currents, although receptor concentrations in samples obtained by the two methods probably should not be combined or compared.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1981

Medical castration of males with megestrol acetate and small doses of diethylstilbestrol.

An alternative program for medical castration for treatment of prostate cancer has been developed using a progestational antiandrogen, megestrol acetate (MA), in combination with small doses of diethylstilbestrol (DES; 0.1 mg/day). The administration of MA (40-80 mg/day) with 0.1 mg DES to nine patients resulted in castrate levels of plasma testosterone (less than 0.4 ng/ml) and significant suppression of both FSH and LH (P less than 0.05) for up to 12 months. Although large clinical trials must ultimately establish its safety, clinical side effects of this combined therapy to date have consisted of mild gynecomastia in two patients. The symptoms did not necessitate discontinuing the medications. It is concluded that the use of 0.1 mg DES with a minimum of 40 mg/day MA results in medical castration with sustained suppression of plasma testosterone. Because of the possible additional therapeutic advantage of blockade of intracellular androgen-mediated action by MA in androgen-dependent tumors, this combined therapy should be further explored as a possible initial treatment of choice for advanced prostate cancer.

Castration↗
PubMed1981

Inhibin in the human prostate.

"Inhibin"-like protein, partially purified from the human prostate, was similar to that obtained from human seminal plasma under identical conditions. Concentration of inhibin in human prostate was tenfold higher as compared to human testis and was active biologically and immunologically. The presence of a high amount of inhibin in prostate seems to be unique in humans. Further inhibin concentration in benign prostatic hypertrophy tissue increased by tenfold in comparison to normal or cancerous tissue. Hence determination of serum level of inhibin may be used as a therapeutic tool to monitor prostate diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Composition of breast milk from mothers of preterm infants.

The influence of daily mechanical expression of breast milk on nutritional composition was examined by comparing expressed milk from 12 mothers who delivered preterm with milk from two groups of mothers delivering at term: nine mothers who mechanically expressed all milk and five mothers who nursed their infants at the breast. Collections were obtained at four-hour intervals over a period of 24 hours so that variability of constituents in milk of different mothers, as well as variability in the same mother over a 24-hour period, could be assessed. Preterm milk contained significantly higher concentrations of protein, sodium, and chloride, and lower concentrations of of lactose than the milk from either group of mothers delivering at term. The mean concentrations of protein, sodium, chloride, and potassium in early preterm milk were adequate to meet the estimated requirements for the preterm infant. However, there was large variability in nutritional composition of milk among mothers and among samples from the same mother.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1979

Effect of megestrol acetate on uroflow rates in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy: double-blind study.

Sixty-one patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and decreased maximum and mean urine flow rates were randomly assigned to megestrol (Megace, 120 mg./day) or placebo therapy. The patients were studied over a five-month period with maximal and mean urine flow rates every two weeks. The patients on megestrol demonstrated significant increases in maximum and mean urine flow rates from the sixth through the twentieth weeks compared with their own control baseline values; the placebo-treated patients showed no significant changes in mean flow rates at any time point over the twenty weeks in comparison with their own baseline control values; maximum flow rates in placebo-treated patients did demonstrate statistically significant increases above their own control baseline values at eight, twelve, eighteen, and twenty weeks. Megestrol-treated patients, in comparison with the placebo group, showed statistically significant increases in maximum flow rate at fourteen, sixteen, and twenty weeks after therapy, and statistically significant increases in mean flow rate over the placebo patients at ten, twelve, fourteen, and twenty weeks. Clinical symptoms improved in 78 per cent of the megestrol-treated patients and 57 per cent of the placebo-treated patients. The side effects of megestrol were minimal except for loss of libido in 70 per cent of patients.

Aged↗