Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Gauldie

Publications and source records attributed to J Gauldie.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Ontogeny and tissue distribution of alpha-1-antitrypsin of the mouse.

alpha 1-Antitrypsin is the second most abundant proteinase inhibitor in plasma. The fact that it is a globular glycoprotein of relatively small size (Mr 53 500) allows it access to a wide variety of fluids and tissue sites. alpha 1-Antitrypsin has been purified from mouse plasma by affinity chromatography and ion exchange. The purified protein exhibits homogeneity on polyacrylamide electrophoresis, but electrophoretic heterogeneity on crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Mouse and rat alpha 1-antitrypsin show strong crossreactivity and the half-life for mouse alpha 1-antitrypsin is 15.5 h. Fetal levels are 15% of adult and it requires 25--30 days before adult levels are reached in the neonate. Maternal levels remain unchanged throughout pregnancy and at parturition. The inhibitory is presented in a number of body fluids including serum, breast milk, gastrointestinal washing, lung washings and bile. The source of alpha 1-antitrypsin for all of these fluids appears to be the liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The development and application of a serum assay for platelet-bindable IgG (S-PBIgG).

Direct assays for PAIgG are useful in diagnosing ITP and investigating mechanisms of thrombocytopenia. A serum assay for S-PBIgG would offer technical advantages in transportation and storage of samples and could prove useful in the diagnosis of thrombocytopenia caused by alloantibodies. We report the development of an assay for S-PBIgG that is positive in the majority of patients with immune thrombocytopenia. This was accomplished by empirically testing a number of variables, including the anticoagulant used to prepare target platelet, the presence of a fixative, incubation time, and the target platelet count. The development of this assay was facilitated by using a microtiter modification of the antiglobulin consumption assay, which was validated by simultaneously determining PAIgG with each method (r = 0.91, p less than 0.01, n = 42). The serum assay was then applied to the study of several types of immune thrombocytopenia PAIgG and S-PBIgG were simultaneously quantitated on platelets and sera obtained from 42 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenia. PAIgG was elevated in 38 and S-PBIgG elevated in 34. Eleven patients had a normal or only moderately elevated S-PBIgG but a considerably elevated PAIgG. In these patients the unbound platelet antibody or immune complex may have platelet specificity. In the remaining patients there was a close correlation between the level of PAIgG and S-PBIgG (r = 0.81, n = 31) indicating that the bound platelet antibody or immune complex is dynamic equilibrium with the unbound. The potential application of the assay for S-PBIgG was demonstrated in three leukemic patients who were refractory to platelet transfusions and in two mothers who had infants with alloimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia. In these patients elevated S-PBIgG was associated with a normal or only slightly elevated PAIgG.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1981

Hypersensitivity to tobacco glycoprotein in human peripheral vascular disease.

One hundred and sixty-four patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) were skin tested with a purified tobacco glycoprotein (TGP). A basophil degranulation test (BDT) was also performed to assess in vitro reactivity to TGP. Immediate skin test hypersensitivity to TGP was found in 18 of 164 (11%) patients with radiologically demonstrable PVD. BDT was positive in 25/42 (60%) smokers as opposed to 6/23 (24%) nonsmokers (p less than 0.01). Twenty-one of 49 (43%) skin test-negative and 10/11 (91%) skin test-positive patients wih PVD had a positive BDT (p less than 0.02). Only 1/34 (3%) patients with negative BDT had a positive skin test. Skin test-positive patients had significantly higher BDT at 0.01 and 0.001 microgram/ml TGP in vitro compared to skin test-negative patients (p less than 0.01). When PVD was graded by arteriography, one of 11 patients with "mild," 11/87 with "moderate" and 4/20 with "severe" PVD were skin test-positive to TGP (p less than 0.01 "mild" vs "moderate"; p less than 0.05 "mild" vs. "severe"). These differences could not be attributed to age, sex, atopy or smoking status. Reactivity to TGP exists in a proportion of patients with PVD and may be causally related in such cases to the development of atherosclerotic vascular disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Radioimmunoassay for dog myoglobin.

A radioimmunoassay specific for dog myoglobin (MGB) has been developed. Antibody (Ab) to purified dog heart MGB was prepared in rabbits and the Ab was labelled with 125I using the chloramine-T procedure. The assay is conducted at room temperature with addition of second Ab at 24 hr, the forward reaction being 95% complete at this point and irreversible. The assay is free of matrix affects. The working range is 20 to 360 ng/ml. Coefficients of variation for within run replicates are 10.5% (low) and 4.4% (high), and for between run replicates are 13.8% (low) and 7.6% (high). Serial measurement of serum MGB in dogs undergoing experimental myocardial infarction indicates that appearance time, peak time, and disappearance rate are respectively, 1.1 hr, 7.7 hr and 0.0025 min-1 for MGB and 2.6 hr, 13.35 hr, and 0.0018 min-1 for CK.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Immunohistochemical localization of alpha 1-antitrypsin in normal mouse liver and pancreas.

Using horseradish peroxidase and fluorescence immunohistochemistry, alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) was demonstrated in normal mouse hepatocytes and pancreatic islet cells. All hepatocytes were positive; 1--3% stained intensely for alpha 1AT. These were located mainly in the periportal area as well as randomly distributed, both singly and in clusters, throughout the liver lobule. Nonparenchymal liver cells were negative for alpha 1AT. The type of hepatocyte cytoplasmic staining appears to after during ontogeny, changing from a localized granular to a diffuse pattern. The use of immunohistochemistry to demonstrate alpha 1AT in normal mouse liver allows us to examine the acute phase response at a cellular level.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Solid-phase radioimmunoassay with protein-A-bearing Staphylococcus aureus cells used to assay a protein (ferritin) and a hapten (digoxin).

We compared use of protein-A-containing Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with conventional ammonium sulfate precipitation and second-antibody methods of separating bound and free antigen in the radioimmunoassay of a hapten (digoxin) and protein (ferritin) in human sera. In each case, values obtained with the heat-killed, formalin-fixed bacteria correlated well with those found by established methods. No matrix effects were detected in either hapten or protein measurements. Because of the affinity of S. aureus for rabbit IgG, rabbit antisera could be used with a small number of bacteria to detect antigen in the presence of 50-fold excess human IgG. The availability of S. aureus and ease of handling make this reagent a rapid, economical alternative of general applicability in radioimmunoassay.

Digoxin↗
PubMed1979

Elevated platelet-associated IgG in the thrombocytopenia of septicemia.

The mechanism of thrombocytopenia, a frequent complication of septicemia, is obscure, but indirect evidence suggests that the immune system may be involved. To investigate this possibility, we quantitated platelet-associated IgG on platelets obtained from 44 patients during 46 episodes of septicemia. Thrombocytopenia occurred in 21 of 46 episodes (46 per cent). Platelet-associated IgG was elevated in eight of 11 episodes of gram-negative septicemia and thrombocytopenia (47.3 +/- 11.7 fg of IgG per platelet [mean +/- S.E.]) and in one of 20 patients with gram-negative septicemia and normal platelet counts (5.9 +/- 1.1) (P less than 0.001). Elevated levels occurred in eight of 10 patients with gram-positive septicemia and thrombocytopenia (55.3 +/- 14.7 fg of IgG per platelet) and in none of 11 patients with gram-positive septicemia and normal platelet counts (5.6 +/- 1.7) (P less than 0.001). Serial testing during the thrombocytopenia and recovery showed an inverse relation between the platelet count and platelet-associated IgG. Thrombocytopenia in some patients with septicemia may be related to the binding of IgG to platelets.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Motilin, human pancreatic polypeptide (HPP) and gastrin plasma concentrations in fasting subjects.

Motilin, human pancreatic polypeptide (HPP) and gastrin plasma concentrations have been determined in 196 fasting subjects ranging in age from the third to ninth decade. Detailed descriptions of the motilin, HPP and gastrin radioimmunoassays are presented. Plasma motilin concentrations ranged from undetectable to 1253 ng/L with a median value at 157 ng/L. Age and sex did not influence plasma motilin concentrations. Plasma HPP concentrations ranged from undetectable to 1564 ng/L with a median value at 142 ng/L. Plasma HPP concentrations increased significantly with age; males generally had higher concentrations than females. Plasma gastrin concentrations ranged from undetectable to 1658 ng/L with a median value of 21 ng/L. Age and sex did not influence plasma concentrations. These data establish ranges for plasma motilin, HPP and gastrin in fasting subjects aged 21--90 years using the described radioimmunoassays.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Hemoglobin ontogeny during normal mouse fetal development.

Pure populations of large, nucleated erythrocytes derived from yolk sac blood islands were obtained during normal fetal mouse development. Embryonic hemoglobins were present in these cells early in gestation. Later in gestation, an increasing amount of adults hemoglobin was also synthesized and accumulated in this population of primitive nucleated erythrocytes, as demonstrated by both biochemical and immunocytochemical techniques.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Nephelometric activity as a criterion of adequate antisera for use in immunofluorescence.

We have characterized monospecific sheep antisera to human IgG, IgA and IgM using Ouchterlony double diffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, quantitative precipitation and nephelometric activity. The antisera were conjugated at high and low F/P ratios, absorbed and subsequently evaluated in both direct and indirect immunofluorescence. Antisera which exhibited excellent reactivity in double diffusion, IEP and quantitative precipitation but gave a poor nephelometric response (Ab dilution greater than 1/25 gave no measurable response in the Technicon Fluoronephelometer) showed a marked decreased effectiveness in both direct and indirect fluorescence. Antisera which exhibited a strong nephelometric response were invariably excellent in double diffusion, IEP and quantitative precipitation and gave strong positive fluorescence at reasonable dilutions in both direct and indirect fluorescence. We suggest nephelometry prior to conjugation is the method of choice in screening antisera usable in immunofluorescence.

Fluorescent Antibody Technique↗
PubMed1978

Synthesis of antithrombin III and alpha-1-antitrypsin by the perfused rat liver.

Livers isolated from control or turpentine-injected rats were perfused for 3 h with human red cells suspended in Krebs-Henseleit solution containing bovine serum albumin, dextran, glucose, heparin, cortisol, insulin, a mixture of 20 amino acids and [3H]leucine. Changes in the concentrations of antithrombin III and alpha-1-antitrypsin were evaluated by rocket immunoelectrophoresis using specific antisera, and incorporation of the 3H radioactivity into the total protein, albumin, antitrhombin III and alpha-1-antitrypsin in the perfusate was measured. The results indicate that both antithrombin III and alpha-1-antitrypsin are synthesized in the liver. Local inflammation induced in the liver donors moderately stimulated the synthesis of alpha-1-antitrypsin but it affected only marginally that of antithrombin III.

Albumins↗