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Biomedical subjects

J Garcia

Publications and source records attributed to J Garcia.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Vagotomy facilitates extinction of conditioned taste aversions in rats.

Results from three experiments indicate that severing the subdiaphragmatic vagus in rats increased the rate of extinction of learned taste aversions. In Experiment 1, although vagotomized rats acquired a saccharin aversion equivalent to that of controls when the illness-inducing agent was the blood-borne toxin apomorphine, vagotomized rats tended to consume more saccharin than controls during repeated extinction tests. In Experiment 2, vagotomy disrupted retention and increased extinction of a preoperatively acquired saccharin aversion. Disruptions were found when the taste aversion was induced by copper sulfate, a local gastric irritant (Experiment 2A), or apomorphine, a systemic toxin (Experiment 2B); in each experiment vagotomized rats consumed more saccharin than controls on the first retention test and extinguished the prior to surgery. Experiment 3 demonstrated that vagotomy did not affect retention or extinction of a shock-induced conditioned emotional response (lick to suppression) to noise. It is concluded that integrity of the vagus is not necessary for acquisition of a learned taste aversion when a blood-borne toxin is used as the ill-inducing agent. However, the vagus apparently mediates an integral portion of the conditioned response following taste-illness acquisition regardless of whether the illness agent is a local gastric irritant or a systemic toxin.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1980

Radiological criteria of industrial fluorosis.

The bone radiographs of 43 potroom workers in an aluminium factory, on whom the diagnosis of industrial fluorosis had been confirmed by bone biopsy, are compared with radiographs from 18 control subjects. A higher frequency of ossification of ligament, tendon, and muscle attachments is observed among the fluoride exposed subjects. These changes increase with the bone fluoride content. The presence of hyperostosis is an important aid in the diagnosis of skeletal fluorosis. However, this radiological sign has to be complemented by clinical data and estimation of the concentration of urinary fluoride. Final confirmation of the diagnosis is obtained by bone biopsy.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1979

[Autogenic training: quo vadis?].

The authors point out that a very successful psychotherapeutic treatment method, autogenic training, shows some trends in its development which require some thought. Basing on the technique theoretically and experimentally developed by J. H. Schultz the authors examine different questions in connection with autogenic training: The "autogenic" question, the commercialization and the application of biofeedback techniques in autogenic training therapy. Further the relationship between autogenic training and analytical methods are studied: autogenic neutralisation, daydream techniques (katathymes Bilderleben), doubletrack psychotherapy etc. are being discussed. The authors show that optimal results can be obtained from autogenic training only if combined with an analytical method.

Autogenic Training↗
PubMed1979

[The hand in diabetes. Study of 97 diabetics compared to a control group].

To determine whether there is hand involvement specific to diabetes, 97 diabetics were compared with the same number of matched controls. Hands were examined with particular emphasis on skin, intrinsic muscles, articular mobility, sense of touch and vibration, digital systolic pressure, and radiological analysis of bones and joints. The most significant involvement, clearly present in 7 cases and less specifically in 12 other diabetics, included all of the following: atrophy and weakness of intrinsic muscles, painful interphalangeal rigidity limiting extension or flexion of the fingers, periarticular swelling of the phalanges, and trophic changes of the skin. Separately, these changes are not specific to diabetes: in the control group, although less frequent, they were found in patients aged 60 and over and are considered to be signs of senescence. Diabetes apparently accelerates the process of aging. Diabetic changes in the hand appear to be facilitated by neuropathy but not by arterial involvement. X-ray revealed a higher incidence of osteopenia and above all of vascular calcifications in the diabetic.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Cardiac neurosis in everyday general medical practice (author's transl)].

From results of the study of 37 patients with cardiac neurosis, new conceptual relationships to explain this condition are developed. Cardiac neurosis is explained as a disturbance of the "psycho-neurovegetative self-regulation mechanism" (servomechanisms). The authors show how such a conception, which has been borrowed from the servomechanism technique, may favourably influence the diagnosis and therapy of this condition. It has been tried in that way to link the two opposites: organic and functional causes. Some therapeutic approaches adapted to the structure of everyday general medical practice are suggested.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1978

The attenuation of a specific cue-to-consequence association by antiemetic agents.

Previous research has been shown that rats develop a conditioned taste aversion after a single pairing of a distinct taste and subsequent toxicosis. The experiments reported here test the hypothesis that the expression of a taste aversion may reflect classically conditioned nausea mediated by activation of brainstem emetic centers by taste stimuli. Rats were allowed to drink a saccharin solution (1 g/l) and 10 min later were intubated with LiCl (180 mg/kg) to produce nausea. When control rats were posttested for saccharin preference they consumed less than 50% of their pretest intake. Experimental rats were injected with one of four pharmacologically distinct antiemetic drugs 30 min prior to their posttest with saccharin. Each drug significantly attenuated the aversion to saccharin at one dose level. The antiemetic drugs we used were scopolamine HBr, cyclizine, prochlorperazine dimaleate, and trimethobenzamide. These drugs had no effect on the conditioned fear of a noise that signaled foot shock or on a natural aversion to a bitter fluid (quinine monohydrochloride, 100 mg/l). Our data suggest that pharmacological suppression of the neural mechanisms of emesis selectively disrupts conditioned taste aversions, and that moderate dose levels are critical for obtaining this effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Metabolism, oxygen transport, and erythropoietin synthesis in the anemia of thermal injury.

The relationship between metabolism, oxygen transport, and anemia was assessed in burn patients. A significant negative correlation was found between erythrocyte 2,3 DPG, the major modulator of oxygen transport, and erythropoietin synthesis. Simultaneous bioassay and radioimmunoassay for erythropoietin revealed elevated values in the anemic burn patients. Elevated 2,3 DPG values during convalescence from thermal injury may remove the "anemic hypoxia" stimulus to erythropoieitn production, resulting in persistence of the anemia.

Adult↗