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Biomedical subjects

J Gallardo

Publications and source records attributed to J Gallardo.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Diffuse pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

Diffuse pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a life-threatening complication following bone marrow transplantation (BMT). So far it has been seen preferentially after autologous BMT. Here, we describe a patient who presented with the picture of DAH after allogeneic BMT. We draw attention to the fact that the syndrome may occur after allogeneic BMT, too.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Altered expression of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

The pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is unknown. One of the most frequent cytogenetic abnormalities in CLL is a deletion within the long arm of chromosome 13, the region to which the retinoblastoma (Rb) gene has been mapped. Lack of Rb expression has been linked to the carcinogenic process in many human tumours. We therefore sought to investigate the role of Rb gene inactivation in CLL using differential polymerase chain reaction on reverse transcribed RNA. The result of the PCR was quantitated using HPLC. 5/39 patients revealed a lack or significantly impaired expression of the Rb gene upon differential PCR analysis. In addition, immunocytochemical studies were performed using the Rb-specific monoclonal antibody PMG245. 10/56 patients showed a weak or absent expression upon immunocytochemical analysis compared to monocytes or granulocytes. The samples lacking Rb were from both early and late stage CLL. Our results indicate that inactivation of the Rb protein occurs in a fraction of CLL cases and can be found in early and late stages of the disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Plasma calcium levels in critical patients with and without sepsis].

We determined total plasma calcium levels in 44 critically ill patients without evidence of renal or hepatic failure, 25 of them with active systemic infection. Plasma Ca was 7.49 +/- 0.1 mg/dl in the septic group compared to 8.46 +/- 0.2 in non septic patients (p < 0.01). Corresponding levels of serum albumin were 2.26 +/- 0.1 and 3.05 +/- 0.2 milligrams, respectively (p < 0.01). Corresponding corrected plasma Ca levels were 9.19 +/- 0.1 and 9.39 +/- 0.1 mg/dl (NS). No correlation of lactate and plasma Ca levels was found. Mortality was 56% for septic and 16% for non septic patients. Patients with hypocalcemia had 53% mortality rate compared to only 16% in normocalcemic patients. PTH levels were normal in all but one patients, thus ruling out a rapid installation secondary hyperparathyroidism. Hypoperfusion does not appear related to ionic Ca levels given the lack of correlation of Ca and lactate levels. Mortality is related to sepsis and hypoalbuminemia but not to corrected Ca plasma levels.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1991

[Medical oncology: notions for a new specialty].

The higher incidence and mortality rates of cancer require an increasing concern of the medical community regarding this disease. In the last decade the management of advanced stages of the disease has progressed significantly. The contributions of basic research, and improvements in diagnostic methods, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and bio-therapy has made this possible. The internist is the most competent specialist to take over the diagnosis and management of this disease; therefore he should be trained in the different disciplines which will enable him to become a medical oncologist. The training program for this new specialty should be designed by post-graduate schools with the support of the universities, the Ministry of Health and even private institutions. In Chile, as in other developed countries, there are training programs which have been suited to satisfy the growing needs of different specialties.

Chile↗
PubMed1989

[Nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy: bases to a rational treatment].

Nausea and vomiting are a serious side effect of chemotherapy, frequently leading to failure of treatment compliance. Chemotherapeutic agents act preferentially on the chemo-receptor trigger zone located at the floor of the 4th ventricle. Vomiting may develop at initiation of therapy or several days later. Phenotiazine derivatives, butyrophenones or methochlopramide are particularly useful by their anti-dopaminergic effects. Canabinoids or steroids may be also useful. Combinations of drugs are frequently required.

Antiemetics↗
PubMed1975

Influence of surgery on the natural history of rheumatic mitral and aortic valve disease.

The rate of survival, the evolution of functional cardiac status and the incidence of major complications during a 5 year period were studied in 410 patients with rheumatic mitral or aortic valve disease, of whom 200 were treated medically and 210 by surgery. The 5 year survival rates in patients with various types of rheumatic mitral valve disease were similar (45 percent for those with mitral stenosis and 46 percent for those with mitral insufficiency or mixed mitral insufficiency and stenosis). The survival rate in patients with aortic valve disease was somewhat more favorable (64 percent). Mitral valvulotomy had the most positive influence on mortality. The 85 percent 5 year survival rate of patients who underwent this procedure was significantly higher than that of patients with medically treated mitral stenosis. In patients submitted to mitral and aortic valve replacement, the survival rate was also improved in comparison with data in the corresponding medically treated group, but to a lesser degree (70 percent for aortic valve replacement and 60 percent for mitral valve replacement). In all surgically treated groups, initial operative mortality was the primary determinant of the rate of survival at the end of 5 years. Survivors of all surgical groups had appreciable improvement in cardiac functional classification and a remarkable reduction in the incidence of heart failure and atrial fibrillation. The incidence of infectious endocarditis was significantly reduced after mitral valvulotomy, as compared with the incidence in patients with medically treated mitral stenosis. Mitral and aortic valve replacement did not reduce the incidence of infectious endocarditis. The incidence of thromboembolic phenomena was favorably influenced by mitral valvulotomy and aortic valve replacement, but not by mitral valve replacement.

Adolescent↗