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Biomedical subjects

J Gallagher

Publications and source records attributed to J Gallagher.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Fractures of the femoral shaft treated by plating.

Eighty-six fractures of the femoral shaft were treated by open reduction and plating. Seventy-seven fractures (90 per cent) were reviewed 12-72 months (average 38 months) after operation. An excellent or good result was achieved in 70 fractures (91 per cent). There was no case of deep infection. The most common complication was a fatigue fracture of the plate, which occurred in five cases. In patients over the age of 60 years, loosening of the implant was troublesome. Primary bone grafting is essential if rigid internal fixation is not obtained. Plating is an excellent method of treating fractures of the femoral shaft in patients under the age of 60 years, provided that the surgeon is technically competent and experienced in this method of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Chemical heterogeneity of heparan sulfate from a human neuroblastoma cell line.

The chemical heterogeneity of radiolabelled neuroblastoma heparan sulfate has been studied by ion exchange chromatography and by affinity chromatography on heparan sulfate-agarose. Although the entire population of chains shows considerable homogeneity in charge density, the deaminative cleavage products ranged in size from disaccharides to eicosasaccharides. Under appropriate conditions neuroblastoma heparan sulfate could be separated into two pools of low or high affinity for lung heparan sulfate-agarose. Analyses of periodate oxidation-alkaline elimination indicated that the high affinity chains contained larger proportions of heparin-like segments, i.e. iduronate-rich and N-sulfated ones.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1985

Preschool performance of children with normal intelligence who were very low-birth-weight infants.

Children who were very low-birth-weight infants (less than 1,500 g), beneficiaries of modern neonatal intensive care, are now of school age. To evaluate their school performance 80 children born in 1976 who had very low-birth-weight (mean birth weight 1.2 kg, mean gestational age 30 weeks) were examined at age 5 years. Sixty-five children were neurologically intact and had normal IQ (greater than or equal to 85) on the Stanford-Binet; five children were neurologically abnormal and ten had IQ below 85. Of the 65 children with normal intelligence and no neurologic impairments, 46 were single births and enrolled in preschool. These 46 children were matched by race, sex, and family background with classmate control children who had been born at full term. Outcome measurements included the Slosson Intelligence Test, the Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery (including subscales of Picture Vocabulary, Spatial Relations, Memory for Sentences, Visual Auditory Learning, Quantitative Concepts, and Blending) and the Beery Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration. No significant differences in IQ were found between children who were very low-birth-weight infants and control children; however, children who were very low-birth-weight infants performed significantly less well on the Spatial Relations subtest of the Woodcock-Johnson and on the Visual-Motor Integration test. Similar results were found for nine sets of twins and their control children. Recognition of these perceptual and visual-motor problems may permit appropriate early remedial intervention and prevent the compounding of these difficulties.

Child Development↗
PubMed1984

Health facilities' obligations when a patient refuses treatment.

Recent cases involving the decisions of Elizabeth Bouvia and G. Ross Henninger to starve themselves to death highlight the ethical obligations of patients, health care facilities, and the courts. When a patient seeks the hospital's cooperation in his or her attempt to commit suicide, society's responsibility is not merely to restrain the patient from suicide but to offer physical care, financial aid, and personal support. The hospital's duty is to intervene, and the court's responsibility is to allow such intervention. The most compassionate way in which the hospital can help is to force-feed the patient. If a patient is mentally competent, the refusal to eat is morally wrong. The patient is morally not permitted to commit suicide, though the avoidance of treatment may be justified in cases when force-feeding would be considered an extraordinary means, because of the patient's age or physical condition, for example. If a patient is incompetent, the refusal to eat is not a fully rational act; for the hospital to refrain from force-feeding would not be considered cooperation in suicide, since the incompetent patient cannot commit suicide. To avoid court rulings that order compliance with a patient's wishes, health care facilities in the future may have to require patients or their families to agree in writing to treatment by ordinary means.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Intravenous digital subtraction angiography: peripheral versus central injection of contrast material.

Central and peripheral intravenous injections of contrast material for digital subtraction angiography were compared in 30 patients. With 40 ml of contrast material, visualization of the carotid bifurcations was as good with the peripheral as with the central injection. A more consistently high-quality examination of the small intracranial vessels was obtained with the central injection.

Arm↗
PubMed1983

The physical effects of visco elastic substances on human donor cornea.

A case of corneal graft operation using chondroitin sulphate (CDS-TM) to protect the endothelium, highlights the surgical difficulties encountered as a result of the severe dehydration effects on the donor corneal button produced by the CDS. In vitro experiments comparing Healonid and CDS on 8 mm excised donor corneal buttons from three pairs of human eyes, confirms this effect with CDS which was absent with Healonid.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

More about natural family planning.

When properly taught and practised, natural family planning can be a highly effective form of birth regulation. Recent studies indicate low failure rates of less than three pregnancies per 100 women years for couples with a strong motivation to follow the method. Studies show that pregnancy rates are high when the rules for avoiding pregnancy are not adhered to. Successful natural family planning can lead to heightened self esteem and marital enrichment.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1983

Effect of simple sugars on natural killing: evidence against the involvement of a lectin like mechanism in target recognition.

The spontaneous lysis of target cells sensitive to natural killer (NK) activity is accomplished in two distinct phases: (i) binding between target and effector cells and (ii) post-binding events leading to target cell destruction. To test the hypothesis that cell surface carbohydrate(s) might be involved in recognitive and/or lytic events, the binding and cytotoxicity of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) towards NK sensitive K-562 targets was studied in the presence of simple sugars and after treatment of the targets with the antibiotic, tunicamycin. Lysis by peripheral blood lymphocytes was found to be inhibited by N-acetyl glucosamine, N-acetyl galactosamine and alpha-methyl mannoside in a dose-dependent manner under conditions where neither these sugars nor those (fucose, galactose) which had little effect on lysis inhibited the binding of effector cells to targets. Further, growth of K-562 in tunicamycin (which inhibits N-linked glycosylations occurring through the lipid intermediate pathway) with or without subsequent treatment with the enzyme neuraminidase, markedly reduced cell surface expression of sugars monitored by lectin binding. Treated cells showed no loss of NK susceptibility and were frequently more sensitive to lysis. Sugar inhibition profiles were the same as for untreated cells. These data suggest that carbohydrates are not the target sites of NK recognition but that simple sugars may have an inhibitory action at a later stage of the lytic process.

Acetylgalactosamine↗
PubMed1982

Studies of lectin binding to normal and neoplastic lymphoid tissues. I. Normal nodes and Hodgkin's disease.

Lectins are proteins which have the ability to interact specifically with carbohydrate residues of glycoproteins and other glycoconjugates. The staining patterns of 10 fluorescein conjugated lectins (F-Con A, F-LCA, F-RCA, F-WGA, F-PHA, F-PWM, F-LTA, F-SBA, F-PNA, F-DB) and a protease inhibitor (F-LA) have been studied in histological sections of 11 normal or reactive lymph nodes and 6 nodes and one skin biopsy involved by Hodgkin's disease. On the basis of the patterns of lectin binding, and current knowledge of their saccharide specificities, we found that within germinal centres there is an orderly carbohydrate rich extracellular matrix which contains a higher concentration of GlcNAc and terminal Gal residues than the surface membranes of component cells. This suggests active secretion rather than simple membrane shedding, and it is possible that this pericellular domain plays a part in the regulation of the proliferative response, or controls migration of lymphocytes in and out of the germinal centre. Lectin binding in Reed-Sternberg cells suggests that the huge nucleoli contain glycoconjugates of diverse structure, which may be linked with their failure to undergo cytokinesis.

Fluoresceins↗
PubMed1982

Studies of lectin binding to normal and neoplastic lymph nodes. II. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Fluorescein conjugated lectins have been used as histochemical stains in lymph node sections from 22 patients with non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Variations in the distribution and structure of glycoprotein sequences between the different types of lymphoma, and also normal nodes, have been detected. The lectin-binding patterns of neoplastic lymphocytes of small cell lymphomas, both follicular and diffuse, suggested a predominance of sialylated glycopeptides, as in normal small lymphocytes of the mantle zone of germinal centres. In contrast, the staining patterns of large cell follicular and diffuse lymphomas showed a greater diversity of carbohydrate structure, with enhanced cytoplasmic staining and increased numbers of incomplete oligosaccharide sequences. Heterogeneity of staining, together with reduced sialic acid expression at all cellular sites was a common feature of lymphoblastic lymphomas and seemed to be linked with a poor prognosis. The extracellular matrix of small cell follicular lymphomas showed altered saccharide content, but retained some degree of organization. The large cell follicular lymphomas were characterized by a prominent disorderly matrix, with staining characteristics which suggested shedding of surface membrane from component cells. The loss or disordered production of the normal extracellular matrix may reflect a breakdown of control mechanisms within neoplastic follicles.

Fluoresceins↗
PubMed1982

Factors determining the use of the emergency recommendation for compulsory psychiatric care.

The factors determining the use of Section 31 admissions and reclassifications at a district psychiatric hospital were investigated prospectively over an eight month period. Thirty-six per cent of patients failed to meet the criteria laid down for full detention and, particularly with reclassification, Section 31 was invoked to secure treatment. While the Emergency Recommendation is not used as the legislators intended, a seven day detention order appears more relevant to modern psychiatric practice than the full detention procedure.

Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders↗