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Biomedical subjects

J Gajewski

Publications and source records attributed to J Gajewski.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Postremission chemotherapy for adults with acute myelogenous leukemia: improved survival with high-dose cytarabine and daunorubicin consolidation treatment.

Results of postremission chemotherapy for adults with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) were assessed in two sequential prospective studies involving similar induction therapy and two courses of intensive consolidation treatment. Fifty-six patients achieving remission on the acute leukemia protocol (ALP3) study received high-dose cytarabine and daunorubicin as course one and standard-dose cytarabine and daunorubicin as course two. Results are compared with forty-six patients achieving remission on the ALP2 study who received azacitidine and doxorubicin as consolidation course one and standard-dose cytarabine, daunorubicin, and thioguanine as course two. The ALP3 regimen resulted in a significantly improved 5-year disease-free survival of 32% +/- 19% versus 20% +/- 11% for the ALP2 study (P = .03). Survival from remission was also improved, 40% +/- 14% versus 24% +/- 12% (P less than .01). Favorable prognostic factors for disease-free survival included receiving the ALP3 treatment regimen, absence of a prior preleukemic syndrome, and female sex. These factors and younger patient age were significant for survival following first chemotherapy and survival after achieving remission. Six of 34 patients who relapsed after receiving the ALP3 regimen successfully achieved prolonged second remissions with high-dose cytarabine-based chemotherapy and/or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Overall survival for adults less than or equal to 45 years of age was 58% +/- 19% with the ALP3 postremission chemotherapy regimen, comparable to most studies of BMT for AML in first remission. Actuarial 5-year survival for ALP3 patients greater than 60 years of age was 18% +/- 20% with no improvement compared with ALP2.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Red blood cells and serum antioxidant defense systems of galactosaemic children.

Many reports have pointed out that oxidative damage and disturbances in antioxidant defense systems of the lenses may play an important role in the development of cataract. In the present study the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, catalase and the level of glutathione and lipid peroxides were measured in red blood cells of galactosaemic children with cataract and without cataract. Furthermore the serum antioxidant activity and the level of uric acid. ceruloplasmin and transferrin in serum were estimated. It was found that in red blood cells of galactosaemic children with cataract the activity of glutathione reductase was slightly lower than in a control age-matched group of children and in galactosaemic children without cataract. The increase of serum antioxidant activity in both groups of galactosaemic children was also observed. Probably it could be due to the increase of the level of ceruloplasmin. Except glutathione reductase activity no other differences were found in the investigated components of the antioxidant defense systems of red blood cells and serum between galactosaemic children with cataract and those without cataract. Therefore it seems that red blood cells and serum metabolism are no good reflections of disturbances in antioxidant defense mechanisms which may be involved in the cataract development in galactosaemic children.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1984

Insurance premium reductions. A motivating factor in long-term hypertensive treatment.

Elevated blood pressure substantially increases mortality and requires, therefore, high premium payments for life insurance coverage. Most life insurance companies are willing to reduce the cost of yearly premiums when blood pressure is successfully treated and controlled for several years. Physicians should bring these facts to their patients' attention as a motivating factor to improve adherence to therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Experimental evidence for a central nervous system site of action in the effect of alpha-adrenergic blockers on the external urinary sphincter.

The present study was done to test the hypothesis that alpha-adrenoceptor blocking drugs (phentolamine and prazosin) could interfere with somatic control of the external sphincter through an action in the central nervous system. Stimulation of the hypogastric nerve in the chloralose-anesthetized cat caused a urethral constriction which could be antagonized by alpha-receptor blockers. However, the constriction produced by stimulation of the S1 or S2 ventral root was completely resistant to alpha blockade. The drugs therefore had the expected action against sympathetic stimulation of the urethra but had no peripheral effect on the somatic component. The central effect of these drugs was investigated by recording urethral perfusion pressure responses, or compound action potentials on the central cut end of the pudendal nerve, evoked by stimulation of the contralateral pudendal or pelvic nerve. The urethral constriction produced by stimulation of the central cut end of 1 pudendal nerve was antagonized by both prazosin and phentolamine. Action potentials evoked on the pudendal nerve by stimulation of the central cut end of the contralateral pudendal or pelvic nerve were substantially inhibited by prazosin. Phentolamine produced a more variable blockade of the pudendal-pudendal reflex. The results strongly indicate that these alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists and especially prazosin can influence pudendal nerve-dependent urethral responses through a central nervous system action and not through a peripheral mechanism.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1981

Mortality in an insured population with atrial fibrillation.

In a cooperative study of 3,099 life insurance applicants with atrial fibrillation (AF), 71 deaths over an average duration of 3.3 years were observed and compared with deaths expected and derived from standard insurance mortality tables. A normal mortality was observed in cases of paroxysmal AF with no other identified cardiovascular impairment. Paroxysmal AF with associated mitral stenosis or coronary disease was found to have a significantly increased mortality. Chronic AF with or without other impairments entails a much higher risk than paroxysmal AF, those cases associated with mitral stenosis showing very high excess mortality.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1977

Hepatitis associated antigen, autoantibodies and serum immunoglobulin levels in patients with liver injury following administration of antituberculosis drugs.

32 patients with liver injury following the administration of tuberculosis drugs were examined for HAA, ANA, SMA and serum immunoglobulin levels. HAA was found in 38-7% of patients. SMA were detected in some HAA positive as well as in HAA negative cases. ANA except in one case were found in the HAA negative group. Serum IgM levels are significantly higher in patients with liver injury as compared to the normal values. The highest levels of IgG and IgM were found in the ANA or/and SMA-positive cases.

Adult↗