Biomedical subjects

J G Tully

Publications and source records attributed to J G Tully.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

Helicobacter hepaticus sp. nov., a microaerophilic bacterium isolated from livers and intestinal mucosal scrapings from mice.

A bacterium with a spiral shape and bipolar, single, sheathed flagella was isolated from the livers of mice with active, chronic hepatitis. The bacteria also colonized the cecal and colonic mucosae of mice. The bacterium grew at 37 degrees C under microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions, rapidly hydrolyzed urea, was catalase and oxidase positive, reduced nitrate to nitrite, and was resistant to cephalothin metronidazole. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the organism was classified as a novel helicobacter, Helicobacter hepaticus. This new helicobacter, like two other murine Helicobacter species, H. muridarum and "H. rappini," is an efficient colonizer of the gastrointestinal tract, but in addition, it has the pathogenic potential to elicit persistent hepatitis in mice.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Recognition of Mycoplasma canis as part of the mycoplasmal flora of the bovine respiratory tract.

Mycoplasma strain C3b was isolated in the Netherlands from the lung of a pneumonic calf. Forty similar strains were isolated afterwards from calves in 19 other herds in different parts of the Netherlands. Eight strains from eight different herds were investigated in this study. Results of tests to determine whether the organism catabolized glucose were inconclusive. Four strains, including strain C3b, apparently catabolized glucose under some test conditions; the remaining four strains did not. Although strain C3b and similar strains were slightly different from canine M. canis strains in growth inhibition tests and glucose metabolism tests, we concluded that strain C3b and similar strains have to be classified as M. canis. A close contact between calves and dogs was observed in several herds where strain C3b or similar strains were isolated. This is the first report of M. canis isolated from cattle.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Current status of the mollicute flora of humans.

Of the more than 20 species of mollicutes reported to be present in human tissues, 15 have been isolated more than once and are currently thought to typify mollicutes of human origin. In the past decade a number of new and potentially significant mollicutes have been added to the list of species inhabiting humans. As our understanding of the human mollicute flora increases, diagnostic and clinical advances should permit the identification and control of those species that are significant pathogens in human disease.

Acholeplasma↗

PubMed1993

Titers of antibody to Mycoplasma in sera of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

One hundred sixty-seven sera collected from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative blood donors (n = 41), asymptomatic HIV-positive patients (n = 75), and patients with AIDS (n = 51) were compared in a metabolism inhibition serological test employing antigens to four distinct Mycoplasma species. The proportion of sera with antibody titers of > or = 1:32 to Mycoplasma genitalium was significantly higher for patients with AIDS than for HIV-negative blood donors. Serological relationships between Mycoplasma pneumoniae and M. genitalium as well as the possibility of increased susceptibility of AIDS patients to infection with these two mycoplasmas might account for this finding. Few sera showed antibody responses to Mycoplasma pirum or Mycoplasma fermentans.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗

PubMed1993

A test for measuring growth responses of mollicutes to serum and polyoxyethylene sorbitan.

A test is described that is useful for characterizing mollicutes in terms of the ability to maintain growth in medium containing 15 to 20% fetal bovine serum or in serum-free media with or without 0.04% Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan). Representative Acholeplasma species maintained growth in serum-free medium, and about half of the strains tested grew well in Tween 80-supplemented medium. Representative Mycoplasma and Entomoplasma species did not maintain growth in either serum-free medium alone or when Tween 80 was added. Spiroplasma species and group representatives generally failed to sustain growth in serum-free medium with or without Tween 80, but at least four of the spiroplasmas tested maintained growth in serum-free medium. The representative Mesoplasma species grew in serum-free media only when Tween 80 was added, as did Mycoplasma lactucae. Although the test has obvious determinative uses for members of the class Mollicutes, it does not supplant the conventional methodology for assaying the cholesterol requirements of these organisms.

Acholeplasmataceae↗

PubMed1993

DNA relatedness between field isolates of Mycoplasma F38 group, the agent of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, and strains of Mycoplasma capricolum.

DNA-DNA hybridization experiments were carried out in order to clarify the taxonomic relationships between the F38 group of caprine mycoplasmas, the established etiologic agents of classical contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, and Mycoplasma capricolum, an organism associated with septicemia, arthritis, and mastitis in goats and sheep. The taxonomic status of the F38 group has been uncertain, principally because of the serological, genomic, and other properties which it shares with M. capricolum. Tritium-labeled DNAs from the M. capricolum type strain (California kid) and from prototype strain F38 were hybridized with unlabeled DNAs from these two strains and from four other isolates belonging to each group. The results showed consistent DNA relatedness values of about 70% between the F38 and M. capricolum groups, compared with levels of relatedness of about 90 and 85%, respectively, for the strains within each group. In addition, the results of comparisons of these 10 strains in which growth inhibition and immunofluorescence tests were used confirmed the previously reported serological relationships between the two groups and reinforced other observations concerning their shared genomic and cell membrane characteristics, indicating that there is a close taxonomic relationship. However, as the 70% DNA relatedness values between the M. capricolum and F38 groups also indicate a degree of genomic difference inconsistent with a relationship at the species level, we conclude that our findings support previous proposals for classification of the F38 group as a subspecies of M. capricolum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Adhesion onto and invasion into mammalian cells by mycoplasma penetrans: a newly isolated mycoplasma from patients with AIDS.

The newly identified mycoplasma, Mycoplasma pentrans shows remarkable pathobiologic properties: it adheres to cell surfaces, deeply penetrates into the cell, strongly hemadsorbs human red blood cells, and cytadsorbs human CD4+ lymphocytes and monocytes. These in vitro biologic activities of mycoplasmas have been previously shown to be associated with pathogenic virulence in vivo. Both adhesion and invasion clearly involve the organism's unique tip-like structure. Invading mycoplasmas often have their tip-like structure deeply buried in the cytoplasm of infected mammalian cells. Extensive invasion of the mycoplasma into the cytoplasm may kill the cells. The same pathobiologic processes of adhesion and invasion using the specialized tip-like structure are found on the epithelium in the patient's urogenital tract infected by M. penetrans. Both in vitro and in vivo findings suggest a possible pathogenic role of this newly discovered human mycoplasma and call for careful evaluation of its role in human diseases.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1992

Fatal septicemia due to Mycoplasma arginini: a new human zoonosis.

A 64-year-old slaughterhouse worker with advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma developed septicemia and pneumonia. Mycoplasma arginini, a wall-free prokaryote found in a variety of domestic animal hosts, was repeatedly isolated from blood and bronchial washings from the patient. Immunosuppression, in part caused by hypogammaglobulinemia, probably played a key role in predisposing the patient to a fatal infection. This case suggests that animal mycoplasmas should be considered in the list of infectious agents acquired by immunosuppressed hosts.

Bacteremia↗

PubMed1992

Mycoplasma penetrans sp. nov., from the urogenital tract of patients with AIDS.

An unusual mycoplasma, which was isolated from the urine of a human immunodeficiency virus-positive male homosexual patient, has an elongated flask shape and two unique sharply divided internal compartments. The tiplike compartment is densely packed with fine granules, and the body compartment is loosely filled with coarse granules consistent with ribosomal structures. The organism has properties of adherence, hemadsorption, and cytadsorption and invades many different types of mammalian cells. Adhesion and penetration apparently involve the terminally located tiplike structure. Cholesterol is required for growth, and the mycoplasma ferments glucose and hydrolyzes arginine, but does not hydrolyze urea. The results of DNA homology studies revealed that this organism is not genetically related to previously described mycoplasma species that have the same biochemical properties. The results of serologic studies demonstrated that this organism is antigenically distinct from all previously described mycoplasmas. We propose that this new mollicute species should be named Mycoplasma penetrans sp. nov. The type strain is strain GTU-54-6A1 (= ATCC 55252).

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1992

In vitro susceptibilities of Mycoplasma genitalium to antibiotics.

The susceptibilities of seven clinical isolates of Mycoplasma genitalium and three strains of Mycoplasma pneumoniae to a variety of antibiotics were examined by an agar dilution method. Macrolides, pristinamycin, and tetracyclines were very active against both species. Sparfloxacin was the most active quinolone tested. None of the 21 antibiotics tested had differential activity toward the two organisms.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1992

[Mollicute Acholeplasma florum possesses a gene of phosphoenolpyruvate sugar phosphotransferase system and it uses UGA as tryptophan codon].

Acholeplasmas are mollicutes which do not require sterol for growth and do not possess a phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar-phosphotransferase system. In contrast to spiroplasmas, mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas, they utilize UGA as a stop codon and not as a tryptophan codon. Acholeplasma florum, because of its metabolic properties and its close phylogenetic relationship to members of the genera Spiroplasma and Mycoplasma, does not seem to be an acholeplasma senso stricto. Here, we present molecular data to support this hypothesis. We have detected a gene coding for one of the components of the phosphotransferase system (PTS) in A. florum. In addition we demonstrate that the organism uses UGA as a tryptophan codon and not as a stop codon. These findings offer strong evidence, along with an earlier phylogenetic proposal, that A. florum is not a member of the genus Acholeplasma.

Acholeplasma↗

PubMed1991

Mycoplasma.

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Antigens, Bacterial↗

PubMed1991

Identification of a plant-derived mollicute as a strain of an avian pathogen, Mycoplasma iowae, and its implications for mollicute taxonomy.

Strain PPAV, a filamentous but nonhelical mollicute, was isolated from aborted apple seeds in France in late 1979. This organism grew well in SP-4 broth, fermented glucose, and required sterol for growth, and most of its properties suggested that it belonged to the genus Mycoplasma. However, it was serologically distinct; in addition, unlike other Mycoplasma species, genome measurements consistently yielded values of about 1,000 MDa (ca. 1,500 kbp), and the organism had a growth temperature optimum of 43 degrees C. A comparison of strain PPAV 16S rRNA sequences with those of other mollicutes revealed a high degree of sequence similarity to a strain of Mycoplasma iowae, which is commonly encountered in poultry. This relationship was confirmed by performing a restriction endonuclease pattern analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization tests. The genome size of type strain 695 of M. iowae was determined to be about 1,000 MDa (1,500 kbp) by renaturation kinetics, a value which is much higher than any other value known in the genus. Additional measurements by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis yielded values of 1,300 kbp for both strain PPAV and M. iowae. Subsequent phenotypic comparisons supported this relationship. Serologic tests with strain PPAV and other strains of M. iowae confirmed the findings of other investigators that this species is serologically heterogeneous. The high optimum temperature for growth of strain PPAV was also shared by a number of M. iowae isolates. Genome size is an inappropriate character for taxonomic assignment to the family Mycoplasmataceae because strain PPAV and other established species in this family are now known to have genomes ranging in size from 1,000 to 1,400 kbp.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Mycoplasma lactucae sp. nov., a sterol-requiring mollicute from a plant surface.

Strain 831-C4T (T = type strain), isolated from the surface of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa) obtained from a retail food market, was shown to be a sterol-requiring mollicute. Morphological examination of this organism by electron and dark-field microscopic techniques showed that it consists of small, nonhelical, nonmotile, pleomorphic coccoid cells, with individual cells surrounded by a single cytoplasmic membrane. No evidence of a cell wall was observed. The organism grew rapidly in all conventional culture medium formulations for mollicutes in either aerobic or anaerobic environments. The optimum temperature for growth was 30 degrees C, but multiplication occurred at 18 to 37 degrees C. Strain 831-C4T catabolized glucose, but hydrolysis of arginine or urea could not be demonstrated. The genome size of strain 831-C4T was determined to be about 569 megadaltons, while the base composition (guanine-plus-cytosine content) of the DNA was 30.0 mol%. Recent studies in which we compared the 16S rRNA sequences of strain 831-C4T with those of more than 40 other mollicutes indicated that this organism is phylogenetically related to the Spiroplasma-Mycoplasma mycoides clade. Strain 831-C4T was serologically unrelated to the type strains of previously described Mycoplasma species and to 18 other unclassified sterol-requiring isolates cultivated from various animal, plant, or insect sources. Strain 831-C4T (= ATCC 49193) is the type strain of Mycoplasma lactucae sp. nov.

Mycoplasma↗

PubMed1990

Mycoplasma melaleucae sp. nov., a sterol-requiring mollicute from flowers of several tropical plants.

Three sterol-requiring mollicutes from floral surfaces of two tropical plant species (Melaleuca quinquenervia and Melaleuca decora) and a single isolate from a flower of the silk oak (Grevillea robusta) were serologically indistinguishable. Strain M1T (T = type strain), isolated from Melaleuca quinquenervia, was chosen for characterization. Light and electron microscopic observations of strain M1T revealed nonhelical, nonmotile, pleomorphic coccoid cells surrounded by a single cytoplasmic membrane. No evidence of a cell wall was observed. The organism grew well in SP-4 medium, but no sustained growth occurred in conventional mycoplasma media containing horse serum. The optimum temperature for growth was 23 degrees C, but multiplication occurred over a temperature range of 10 to 30 degrees C. Growth was not observed at temperatures above 30 degrees C. Strain M1T and related strains (strains M5, M10, and SO1) catabolized glucose but hydrolyzed neither arginine nor urea. The size of the strain M1T genome was about 561 megadaltons, while the guanine-plus-cytosine content of the DNA was about 27.0 mol%. The organism was serologically unrelated to the type strains of the 80 previously recognized Mycoplasma species or to 18 other unclassified sterol-requiring strains cultivated from animal, plant, or insect sources. Recent sequencing studies of 16S rRNA demonstrated that strain M1T is a member of a clade that contains the type species of the genus Mycoplasma. Strain M1 (= ATCC 49191) is the type strain of Mycoplasma melaleucae sp. nov.

Cholesterol↗

PubMed1990

Mycoplasma somnilux sp. nov., Mycoplasma luminosum sp. nov., and Mycoplasma lucivorax sp. nov., new sterol-requiring mollicutes from firefly beetles (Coleoptera: Lampyridae).

Strain PYAN-1T (T = type strain), which was isolated from a pupal gut of the firefly beetle Pyractonema angulata, and strains PIMN-1T and PIPN-2T, which were isolated from guts of adult Photinus marginalis and Photinus pyralis fireflies, respectively, were demonstrated to be sterol-requiring mollicutes. Cells of the three strains were shown by electron and dark-field microscopy to be small, pleomorphic, nonhelical, nonmotile bodies surrounded by single membranes. No evidence of a cell wall was observed, and the organisms were not susceptible to 500 U of penicillin per ml. The three strains grew rapidly in SP-4 broth medium. Strains PIMN-1T and PIPN-2T grew in medium supplemented with bovine serum fraction, but strain PYAN-1T did not. All three strains grew on solid media when the cultures were incubated aerobically, but only strains PYAN-1T and PIPN-2T formed colonies when anaerobic conditions were employed. The three strains catabolized glucose but hydrolyzed neither arginine nor urea. All of the strains grew at temperatures of 18 to 32 degrees C; strains PYAN-1T and PIMN-1T also grew at 10 degrees C. The optimal temperature for growth for strains PYAN-1T and PIPN-2T was 30 degrees C; strain PIMN-1T grew equally well at 30 or 32 degrees C. None of the three strains grew at 37 degrees C. The genome sizes of strains PYAN-1T, PIMN-1T, and PIPN-2T were about 527 (478 to 589), 570 (480 to 630), and 762 (635 to 871) megadaltons, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1989

A phylogenetic analysis of the mycoplasmas: basis for their classification.

Small-subunit rRNA sequences were determined for almost 50 species of mycoplasmas and their walled relatives, providing the basis for a phylogenetic systematic analysis of these organisms. Five groups of mycoplasmas per se were recognized (provisional names are given): the hominis group (which included species such as Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma lipophilum, Mycoplasma pulmonis, and Mycoplasma neurolyticum), the pneumoniae group (which included species such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma muris), the spiroplasma group (which included species such as Mycoplasma mycoides, Spiroplasma citri, and Spiroplasma apis), the anaeroplasma group (which encompassed the anaeroplasmas and acholeplasmas), and a group known to contain only the isolated species Asteroleplasma anaerobium. In addition to these five mycoplasma groups, a sixth group of variously named gram-positive, walled organisms (which included lactobacilli, clostridia, and other organisms) was also included in the overall phylogenetic unit. In each of these six primary groups, subgroups were readily recognized and defined. Although the phylogenetic units identified by rRNA comparisons are difficult to recognize on the basis of mutually exclusive phenotypic characters alone, phenotypic justification can be given a posteriori for a number of them.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1988

Differences in virulence for mice among strains of Mycoplasma pulmonis.

The mouse model of acute murine respiratory mycoplasmosis was used to screen 18 strains of Mycoplasma pulmonis for their ability to establish respiratory infections and produce gross lung lesions in the susceptible C3H/HeN mouse strain. All experiments were designed to minimize host, environmental, and microbial differences to ensure that experimental results would reflect differences in mycoplasmal virulence. There were differences in the 50% infectious dose (range, 3 X 10(2) to greater than 10(7) CFU) and the 50% gross pneumonia dose (range, 10(3) to greater than 10(7) CFU) among the 18 mycoplasmal strains. Only 10 strains (UAB CT, M1, UAB 5782C, UAB 6510, 66, UAB T, UAB 8145D, Nelson C, Peter C, and Negroni) established respiratory infections, and only 2 of the 10 strains (UAB CT and M1) produced gross lung lesions. Strains UAB CT, UAB T, M1, UAB 5782C, and PG34(ASH) were chosen for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of lung lesions in C3H/HeN and C57BL/6N mice. Lesion incidence and severity was dependent on the mycoplasmal strain and the mouse strain. Microscopic lesions varied among mycoplasmal strains and mouse strains in the amount of lymphoid infiltrate, neutrophilic exudate, and consolidation, as well as overall severity. The most virulent strain, UAB CT, produced acute pneumonitis in the 10(7) CFU dosage group and required a threshold dose of 10(3) CFU to consistently produce microscopic lung lesions. These results suggest that M. pulmonis virulence is multifactorial and different strains of mycoplasmas yield disease expressions that differ both qualitatively and quantitatively.

Animals↗