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Biomedical subjects

J G Phillips

Publications and source records attributed to J G Phillips.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Diminution of thyrotrophin releasing hormone-induced growth hormone secretion in adult domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus).

Age-related changes in the response of GH to administration of thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) have been investigated in the domestic fowl. In two strains of chicken the i.v. administration of TRH (10 microgram/kg) to 4-week-old male and female birds markedly increased (greater than 100 ng/ml) the plasma GH concentration within 10 min of treatment and the concentration remained higher than the pretreatment level for at least a further 20 min. Saline (0.9%) administration had no effect on GH secretion in comparable groups of control birds. The same dose of TRH had no effect on plasma GH concentrations in adult (greater than 24-week-old) laying hens or cockerels. The administration of TRH at doses of 0.1-100 microgram/kg (i.v.) or 0.39-50 microgram/bird (s.c.) also had very little, if any, effect on GH secretion in laying hens. In laying hens slight increases (10-20 ng/ml, P less than 0.05) inthe plasma concentrations of GH were observed in one experiment 60 min after the s.c. injection of 100 microgram TRH, and in another 60, 90 and 120 min after the serial s.c. injection of TRH (100 microgram/bird) every 30 min over a 150 min period. The poor GH response to TRH of the adults to TRH stimulation was not due to high circulating concentrations of endogenous gonadal steroids, as surgical gonadectomy had no effect on the GH response to TRH. These results suggest maturational differences in the control of GH secretion in the fowl.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

Influence of stress on the secretion of corticosterone in the duck (Anas platyrhynchos).

The influence of stress on the secretion of corticosterone has been investigated by radioimmunoassay in domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) of 6-8 weeks of age. Intravenous and i.m. injections of synthetic ACTH (Synacthen, 25 i.u./bird and Synacthen Depot, 100 i.u./bird respectively) markedly increased (2.7- to 10-fold) basal concentrations of corticosterone in plasma (3-6 ng/ml) in comparison with those in birds injected with 0.9% saline (1 ml/bird). Maximum levels of 30-40 ng/ml plasma were reached after 30 min and 5 h respectivley. Increased levels of corticosterone in plasma were also seen within 5 min of i.v. administration of saline and remained as high as those in birds treated with Synacthen for at least 20 min after injection. Blood sampling (from the brachial vein) was, by itself, sufficient to increase levels of corticosterone in plasma; a large (twofold) rise being observed as soon as 1 min after initial handling and bleeding, with concentrations of 30-40 ng/ml being found in birds bled 15 times during a period of 14 min. However, in a flock of birds, the alarm created in unhandled birds while others were being bled had no effect on concentrations of corticosterone in plasma. Deprivation of food or water for 24 h also enhanced levels of corticosterone in plasma, as did 24 h of adaptation to 0.2 M-NaCl drinking water. These results have demonstrated the lability of the secretion of corticosterone in response to stress and demonstrated its usefulness as a physiological indicator of stress in ducks.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1979

Calvarial hemangioendothelioma with intracranial hemorrhage: case report.

A case of a hemangioendothelioma of the occipital bone that presented clinically as an acute epidural hematoma is reported. The literature regarding this rare bone tumor is reviewed. The treatment of choice seems to be wide surgical excision, but life-threatening hemorrhage may occur due to extreme tumor vascularity. The role of radiotherapy remains uncertain.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Gas-liquid chromatographic test for honey adulteration by high fructose corn sirup.

A gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) method has been developed to detect the addition to honey of high fructose corn sirup (HFCS). Samples are derivatized directly with trimethylsilane, cholestane is added as an internal standard, and the levels of maltose (includes other minor disaccharides) and isomaltose are determined after chromatography on OV-17. Domestic and imported honey samples (115) contained 2.00% maltose and 0.71% isomaltose. HFCS samples (21) contained 1.50% maltose, and 2.09% isomaltose. A discriminatory equation was developed (D = 2.73 - 5. 35 (Isomaltose/maltose)) and, when applied to the data for these samples and 37 adulterated samples, 81.4% of authentic honey samples and 78.4% of samples known to be adulterated with HFCS were correctly classified.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1978

Photo-cephalometric analysis in treatment planning for surgical correction of facial disharmonies.

A full understanding of soft tissue behaviour, including muscle action, and the correct diagnosis of the basic bony discrepancies are essential to the success of operations for the correction of facial disharmony. In the author's experience, cephalometric measurements are invaluable in obtaining a correct diagnosis of the facial disharmony and once mastered make these operations more interesting for all concerned. Unfortunately, traditional cephalometric measurements, although useful to orthodontists, are tedious and often misleading to oral surgeons. This article describes a much simplified and accurate method of photocephalometric diagnosis and prediction used in conjunction with the method of Archial Analysis as suggested by Sassouni (1955, 1958, 1974).

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1978

Some age-related changes in pituitary-adrenal function in the male laboratory rat.

Changes in the pituitary-adrenal axis have been investigated as a function of age (2 1/2 to 26 mo) in the male laboratory rat (CFY-Sprague Dawley). Ether stress was used to challenge the pituitary-adrenal axis and blood samples (peripheral and adrenal venous effluent) taken for measurement of corticosterone using the competitive protein-binding assay and ACTH by the increase in corticosteroidogenesis in isolated rat adrenal cells. The results show that there was an increase of basal ACTH levels with increase in age which might be correlated with the degenerative changes in the adrenal cortex at old age. No age difference was observed in the 2 1/2-min stress levels. However, 15-min stress resulted in a further increment of ACTH levels, which was not found in old animals. No age-related differences in the basal and stress levels of corticosterone was observed, and, hence, adrenocortical function would seem not to be impaired in old age.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1977

Plastic bullet injury: a case report.

Plastic bullets have been introduced into Northern Ireland for use by the Security Forces in riot control. They are alleged to be more accurate in flight than the rubber bullet and are cheaper to produce. The injuries to a patient caused by a plastic bullet are described.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Functional bracing of fractures of the shaft of the humerus.

We treated fifty-one cases of fracture of the shaft of the humerus with a functional method of treatment consisting of a plastic sleeve, individually molded or prefabricated. It maintained good alignment of the fragments and permitted rapid and uninterrupted osteogenesis. The early introduction of functional activity to the entire extremity appears to provide a desirable physiological environment conducive to rapid healing. Non-unions have not been encountered in nonpathological fractures. Healing time has been rapid, and there has been consistent restoration of motion of all joints prior to the completion of healing. The morbidity was minimum.

Adolescent↗