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Biomedical subjects

J G Neely

Publications and source records attributed to J G Neely.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Induction of heat shock protein in interdental cells by hyperthermia.

The effect of hyperthermia on induction of the 72 kilodalton (kDa) heat shock protein (HSP72) was examined in interdental cells of the guinea pig cochlea. After being immersed in a water bath of either normal body temperature (37 degrees C, control condition) or 43 degrees C (hyperthermic condition), animals were killed either 0, 1, 2, 6, or 18 hours later. Cochlear sections were incubated with a monoclonal antibody raised against HSP72 and relative staining densities were quantified with a light microscopic image analysis system. Optical densities of the interdental cell region of animals receiving hyperthermia treatment were significantly greater than those of animals in the control group. Further analysis revealed that levels of HSP72 immunoreactivity began increasing by 1 hour after hyperthermia and continued to increase thereafter, to reach maximal levels at 6 hours. The maximal levels were maintained for the rest of the experiment--18 hours. The results indicate that hyperthermia leads to an increase in the synthesis of HSP72 in guinea pig interdental cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Computerized quantitative dynamic analysis of facial motion in the paralyzed and synkinetic face.

Diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and the neurobiology of recovery of facial paralysis has been impeded by the inability to quantitate facial movement objectively. The purpose of this paper is to report our preliminary results in the study of the paralyzed face using a newly developed computerized quantitative dynamic analysis system. Five normal volunteer subjects, and 17 patients with facial paralysis or paresis, from a wide range of etiologies, were analyzed utilizing the computerized analysis system; eight of these patients had synkinesis. Raw data image-change intensity: duration curves, numeric and graphic displays of curve parameter descriptive statistics, and rank order correlation analyses showed high levels of correlation between the computerized facial motion analysis and the House-Brackmann facial nerve grading system and a clinical grading scale for synkinesis. These data suggest that it is possible to develop a computerized image-difference analysis system that approximates the human ability to access facial movement and, additionally, deliver an equal-interval continuous quantitative data scale dynamic over a spectrum of time during facial motion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Basic hearing tests.

This article contains a discussion of pure-tone and speech audiometry as these measures relate to primary audiologic evaluation of hearing. The scientific foundation underlying the development of stimulus-specific standards for normal hearing, test materials, and methods for basic tests are included. A rationale for test administration, masking, and interpretation of results is presented.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
PubMed1990

Lateral temporal bone resections.

Eighteen consecutive patients underwent a lateral temporal bone resection for the treatment of tumors originating in the auricle, the external auditory canal, the periauricular skin, or the parotid and were retrospectively analyzed. The different lateral temporal bone resections performed have been categorized into four types. The type I resection consists of the removal of the tympanic bone and the external auditory canal lateral to the tympanic membrane. The type II resection consists of the removal of the entire tympanic bone, the tympanic membrane, the incus, and the malleus, preserving the facial nerve and the inner ear. Type III resections remove, in addition to the those structures removed in type II resections, the distal facial nerve and fallopian canal, the mastoid tip, the styloid process, and the stylomastoid foramen. The type IV resection consists of the removal of only the mastoid tip and the inferior portion of the tympanic bone. When the techniques of lateral temporal bone resection are used appropriately, adequate surgical treatment of patients with selected advanced and recurrent malignant tumors of the external ear, the periauricular skin, and the parotid is possible with low morbidity and a high probability of local regional control.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Thickness of the lateral surface of the temporal bone in children.

The placement of implantable auditory prostheses in children has raised questions concerning the thickness of the temporal bone in the region of implantation. The purpose of this study is to describe the thickness at specific sites of the lateral surface of the temporal bone in children of different ages. One hundred twenty-five intact temporal bones from 83 children of known sex, race, and age between birth and 20 years were measured. Thickness was measured with a specially designed micrometer at specific locations from a fixed reference point by use of a surface projected grid for site identification. Thickness was plotted against age on scattergraphs for each site, and regression analysis revealed a bimodal linear relationship. Sites medial to the temporalis muscle were the thinnest; sites associated with the posteroinferior insertion of the temporalis muscle, along the supramastoid crest, were the thickest. However, wide interindividual variability was the rule.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1989

Growth of the lateral surface of the temporal bone in children.

The adaptation of implantable auditory prostheses for use in children has raised questions concerning both what effect growth may have on the implant and what effect the implant may have on growth. The purpose of this study is to describe temporal bone lateral surface dimensions in children of different ages to draw inferences about growth rates. Using a surface projected grid and point calipers, 158 intact temporal bones from 103 individuals of known ages between birth and 20 years were measured at six points from a fixed reference. These specimens were located in the skeletal collections of the Smithsonian Institute's Museum of Natural History, the Medical Museum of Walter Reed Hospital at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, and the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. Linear regression analysis helped clarify a bimodal pattern of growth in which marked increases in dimension occur from birth to 4 years of age and much less change is seen from age 4 to 20 years. These data suggest that implantation in children under 4 years of age is subject to maximal growth effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Histologic findings in two very small intracanalicular solitary schwannomas of the eighth nerve: II. "Onion bulbs".

An "onion bulb" is a descriptive histologic term referring to concentric layers of Schwann cell processes about a myelinated nerve fiber. Between the layers of Schwann cells are increased amounts of longitudinally oriented collagen fibers. It is thought that onion bulbs form as a result of sequential segmental demyelination and remyelination attempts. This process can become so severe that the myelinated fiber loses its myelin and ultimately degenerates; however, many fibers remain viable and thinly myelinated. The physiologic effect of "onion bulbs" is to markedly decrease conduction velocity in the fiber affected. In the auditory system, incompletely myelinated cochlear nerve fibers in the infant and in patients with multiple sclerosis show delays of the auditory evoked potential latencies and psychoacoustic retrocochlear patterns. No anatomic substrate has been identified for these auditory tests patterns in the acoustic tumor (solitary schwannoma of the eighth nerve). Two very small intracanalicular acoustic tumors were resected en bloc with the nerve of origin, serially sectioned, stained for neural tissue, and studied by light microscopy. In both tumors, histologic findings consistent with onion bulb formation were discovered about some of the myelinated nerve fibers found deeply incorporated in the tumor mass. These findings suggest that demyelination, perhaps with the formation of onion bulbs, may be a histopathologic correlate for retrocochlear dysfunction seen in acoustic tumors.

Cranial Nerve Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

Reversible compression neuropathy of the eighth cranial nerve from a large jugular foramen schwannoma.

Jugular foramen schwannomas are unusual tumors occasionally resulting in neural hearing losses. Two previously reported cases document preservation of hearing following removal of a jugular foramen schwannoma. I report the third such case, in which there was progressive auditory and vestibular dysfunction seen on serial preoperative auditory tests and recovery of function seen on postoperative auditory and vestibular tests. The presumed pathophysiologic feature sub-serving this observation is compression neuropathy. I discuss experiences with compression neuropathy in animals and man under other circumstances.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Unrelated sensorineural hearing loss in patients with otosclerosis. A report of three cases.

Although it is generally accepted that 20% or more of patients with clinically manifest otosclerosis have a concomitant sensorineural hearing loss, it is still debated whether otosclerosis is the cause of the neural loss. Three cases are presented of other causes of sensorineural loss in otosclerotic patients who underwent stapes surgery. One of these cases, the Mondini malformation, is discussed in detail.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Clinical correlates of neoplastic involvement of the eight cranial nerve in man.

This study of 25 cases of benign neoplastic involvement of the eighth nerve in man suggests: (1) Eighth nerve auditory dysfunction and minimal structural change in the internal auditory canal are the earliest reliable signs leading to tumor detection. (2) "Early" detection does not mean "small" tumor. (3) Schwannomas tend to grow more slowly in the elderly patient. (4) Compression and displacement of viable axons may be the primary pathophysiology of dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Homograft replacement of the tympanic membrane.

This paper presents the authors' experiences with one method of reconstruction of the tympanic membrane when it is totally absent or when there is a fixed, retracted, defective, or absent malleus. Ten patients undergoing surgery for chronic suppurative otitis media between April, 1971, and January, 1973, had homograft tympanic membranes and/or ossicles used to reconstruct the defect in the tympanic membrane or ossicular mechanism. The patients had certain clinical and surgical characteristics in common: 1. all had either an absent tympanic membrane or almost total perforation of it; 2. all were operated upon in the absence of acute infection or active drainage; cholesteatoma, if present, was totally removed; 3. all had patent eustachian tubes; 4. all had intact middle ear mucosa at the time of utilization of the homograft; 5. all patients were operated upon by the same surgeon; 6. all of the homografts were obtained within 24 hours and were used within one month after the death of the donor; 7. all of the homografts used had been preserved in 70 percent ethyl alcohol; 8. all of the homograft materials came from donors who were under 40 years of age at the time of death and who died of accidental causes. (None of the donors was known to have any pre-existing disease); 9. all homografts, after being placed in proper position in the recipient, were covered with ear canal skin; 10. all patients received homografts that were from the corresponding ear of the donor. (In other words, right ear homografts were used in the patient's right ear, etc.); 11. whenever the tympanic ring was greater than the size of the homograft, the patient's temporalis fascia was used in conjunction with the homograft tympanic membrane to bridge the defect; 12. all patients had the middle ear packed with gelfoam prior to inserting the homograft (compressed gelfoam was used also for the outer packing); 13. none of the patients had tissue-typing procedures carried out in an effort to match the donor and the recipient, nor was any attempt made to match the sex of the donor and the recipient; and 14. all patients received antibiotics postoperatively; however, none received immunosuppressive therapy postoperatively. In 3 of 10 patients receiving homografts, the malleus was normal, and only the tympanic membrane was reconstructed. In seven others there was a fixed, retracted, defective or absent malleus in addition to the tympanic membrane defect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Microscopic characteristics of the acoustic tumor in relationship of its nerve of origin.

The microscopic characteristics of a 0.9 cm vestibular schwannoma en bloc resected with its nerve of origin which occurred in a 54-year-old white woman presenting with a two-year history of a unilateral progressive sensori-neural hearing loss is described. The tumor originated in the inferior vestibular portion of the vestibular division of the VIIIth cranial nerve just medial to the internal auditory canal meatus at approximately the level of the glial-non-glial junction. The tumor demonstrated two distinctly different, yet simultaneous, modes of involvement with its nerve of origin: 1. inseparable cellular continuity; and 2. peripheral compression of the remainder of the nerve within the tumor capsule. Despite only slight microscopic continuity of the nerve histologically, electronystagmography showed no unilateral weakness on bithermal caloric testing, and pure tone and speech audiometry was only moderately depressed.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1975

Recovery of crossed acoustic reflexes in brain stem auditory disorder.

Crossed acoustic reflexes were serially monitored in a patient receiving radiotherapy for an intra-axial brain stem tumor. Analysis revealed a pattern of systematic recovery as the brain stem lesion responded to therapy. Crossed reflexes were observed at more and more test frequencies, until responses were present on both ears for all test signals. Pure-tone sensitivity and speech intelligibility remained within the normal range throughout the observation period.

Auditory Pathways↗