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Biomedical subjects

J G Moore

Publications and source records attributed to J G Moore.

171 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of five potassium chloride preparations on the upper gastrointestinal mucosa in healthy subjects receiving glycopyrrolate.

The effects on the upper gastrointestinal tract of five different preparations of KCl were compared in 90 healthy subjects treated with glycopyrrolate. The KCl preparations studied were wax-matrix KCl, microencapsulated KCl, liquid KCl, experimental extended-release capsules, experimental extended-release tablets,and placebo. The subjects were endoscoped prior to and after seven days of dosing. Upper gastrointestinal mucosal pathology was seen with all of the potassium preparations as well as with placebo. No statistically significant differences between the various KCl groups or between KCl groups and placebo were seen. All of the lesions were superficial, except for one ulcer seen with the microencapsulated KCl. None of the subjects developed occult gastrointestinal bleeding. There were no differences in the incidence of abdominal symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A human parvovirus-like virus inhibits haematopoietic colony formation in vitro.

Viruses have been shown to cause bone marrow aplasia in animals and have been implicated in bone marrow failure in man; however, until recently, a specific link between human viral infection and bone marrow failure has not been proven. In 1975 Cossart and colleagues found a serum parvovirus-like virus (SPLV, sometimes referred to as B19) in human serum. Antibody to this virus is present in the sera of 30-45% of healthy adults (Y. E. Cossart, P. P. Mortimer, unpublished observations). However, evidence for a direct link came from work by Pattison et al. who found five children with transient aplastic crisis of sickle cell disease and evidence of active infection with SPLV. This association was later confirmed in a large series of children with sickle cell disease and aplastic crisis in Jamaica. We have studied the effects of virus-containing material on haematopoiesis, using in vitro colony-forming assays to look for direct evidence for a role of SPLV in bone marrow aplasia. We show here that SPLV-containing sera inhibit erythropoiesis in culture. Moreover, in a child with hereditary spherocytosis who developed transient aplastic crisis, a strong inhibitory effect of the patient's serum on erythropoiesis correlated with the presence of virus.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Grid versus non-grid techniques for the detection of pulmonary nodules in a chest phantom.

A partial chest phantom was constructed to compare two commonly employed radiographic techniques, 70 kVp without a grid and 120 kVp with a grid, for the detection of pulmonary nodules. The phantom consisted of human ribs embedded in paraffin, the lungs of a dog injected with silicone rubber, a tissue equivalent wax heart and beeswax nodules. The nodules ranged in size from 3-7 mm. A series of 120 films was exposed, half with each technique, and the films were interpreted by three senior residents and seven staff radiologists. More nodules of all sizes except 3 mm were detected with the 120 kVp technique. The 3 mm nodules were rarely detected with either technique. The disadvantages of the 120 kVp technique were an approximate 50 percent increase in patient exposures and almost twice as many false-positive nodule detections.

Models, Structural↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of shift work on gastrointestinal (GI) function: a review.

Recent statistics suggest approximately 20 percent of the American work force is engaged in shift work. The evidence which is reviewed in this manuscript suggests that shiftworkers are at risk for the development of gastrointestinal diseases or disorders. The susceptibility to shiftwork related gastrointestinal complaints may be related to the disruption of the individual's time structure. Central nervous system and endocrine mechanisms which may contribute to the pathogenesis of digestive diseases/disorders in shift workers are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of sucralfate and ranitidine on aluminum concentrations in elderly volunteers.

Elevated aluminum concentrations have been implicated in several disease states in the elderly. We examined the effects of sucralfate, a basic aluminum salt of sucrose sulfate, and ranitidine, administered individually and in combination, on plasma and urine aluminum concentrations in the elderly in a prospective, randomized, three-arm crossover study. Subjects were 20 healthy volunteers over age 65 years, with no clinically significant comorbidities or recent use of aluminum-containing drugs or histamine (H)2-antagonists. The three regimens were ranitidine 300 mg at bedtime, sucralfate 1 g 4 times/day, and ranitidine 300 mg at bedtime plus sucralfate 1 g 4 times/day, administered for 4 weeks, with a washout period of at least 1 week between regimens. Plasma and urine aluminum concentrations were measured on days 0, 1, 7, 14, and 28 of each regimen. After 28 days, mean plasma aluminum concentrations were significantly higher in subjects receiving sucralfate alone (8.5 +/- 1.8 micrograms/L) and sucralfate plus ranitidine (5.1 +/- 1.3 micrograms/L) compared with those receiving ranitidine alone (2.4 +/- 0.7 micrograms/L). Urine aluminum concentrations were significantly higher in subjects receiving sucralfate alone (133.2 +/- 32.8 micrograms/g creatinine) and sucralfate plus ranitidine (148.1 +/- 51.9 micrograms/g creatinine) compared with those receiving ranitidine alone (11.0 +/- 3.7 micrograms/g creatinine). There was no significant difference in plasma or urine aluminum concentrations between subjects who received sucralfate alone versus those who received sucralfate plus ranitidine. Sucralfate 4 g/day in elderly subjects produces a significant increase in both plasma and urine aluminum concentrations, compared with ranitidine 300 mg/day. This increase most likely is secondary to gastrointestinal absorption of aluminum in the sucralfate formulation. The clinical relevance of this increase requires further evaluation.

Aged↗