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Biomedical subjects

J G Kim

Publications and source records attributed to J G Kim.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Reduction of aflatoxins by Korean soybean paste and its effect on cytotoxicity and reproductive toxicity--part 1. Inhibition of growth and aflatoxin production of Aspergillus parasiticus by Korean soybean paste (Doen-jang) and identification of the active component.

The inhibitory effect of methanol extract of Korean soybean paste on the mold growth and aflatoxin production of a toxigenic strain of Aspergillus parasiticus ATCC 15517 was studied using different concentrations of the extract in yeast-extract sucrose broth. While inhibition in mold growth due to increasing the concentration of the extract was observed, the more remarkable effect was the inhibition of aflatoxin production. Reduction of mycelial weight as a result of addition of the extract was observed to range between 1.5 to 12.9% while reduction of aflatoxin production quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography ranged from 14.3 to 41.7%. Five percent of the extract significantly reduced aflatoxin production at the end of the incubation period (P < 0.05), although the effect on mycelial growth was less pronounced. This study indicates that soybean paste could also be an effective inhibitor of aflatoxin production even though mycelial growth may be permitted. The main active component identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy was linoleic acid.

Aflatoxins↗
PubMed1999

Paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil, and cisplatin combination chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced gastric carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Although the clinical efficacy of paclitaxel in the treatment of gastric carcinoma has not been clearly defined, recent reports have suggested a possible role in the treatment of upper gastrointestinal carcinomas in vitro and in vivo. In this study, the authors evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of a combination chemotherapy that included paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and cisplatin in the treatment of patients with advanced gastric carcinoma. METHODS: Forty-one gastric carcinoma patients with metastatic disease, unresectable advanced disease, or relapsed disease were treated with the following regimen, administered every 28 days: paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 by 3-hour intravenous (i.v.) infusion on Day 1, 5-FU 750 mg/m2 by 24-hour continuous i.v. infusion on Days 1-5, and cisplatin 20 mg/m2 by 2-hour i.v. infusion on Days 1-5. Twenty-six patients had measurable disease, and 15 had evaluable disease. All patients were assessable for toxicity. RESULTS: Twenty-one of the 41 patients (51%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 36.5-65.7%) demonstrated an objective response, including 4 complete responses (10%; 95% CI, 3.9-22.5%). Sixty-five percent of the patients with measurable disease (17 of 26; 95% CI, 58-92.5%) and 27% of the patients with evaluable disease (4 of 15: 95% CI, 11.1-52.3%) achieved a complete response or a partial response. The median response duration was 17 weeks (range, 4-90 weeks), and the median survival duration for all patients was 26 weeks (range, 8 to 118+ weeks). The major toxicity of this treatment was myelosuppression with neutropenia of World Health Organization Grade 3 and 4 in 24% and 10% of the patients, respectively. Nonhematologic toxicity included mucositis, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, neurotoxicity, and alopecia. Fluid retention occurred in two patients, and one patient had an anaphylatic reaction. Dose reduction was necessary for one patient, because Grade 4 neutropenia and mucositis occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Paclitaxel, 5-FU, and cisplatin was an active combination regimen in the treatment of advanced gastric carcinoma. The toxicity of this regimen was tolerable. Based on these findings, this combination regimen could be an attractive treatment in the preoperative setting.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Cytotoxic constituents from Solidago virga-aurea var. gigantea MIQ.

Activity-guided fractionation of the whole plant of Solidago virga-aurea var. gigantea M(IQ). (Compositae) has led to the isolation of three cytotoxic compounds, erythrodiol-3-acetate (1), alpha-tocopherol-quinone (2), and trans-phytol (3) from the hexane soluble fraction. It is the first report of those compounds from the genus.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1999

Anticomplement activities of oleanolic acid monodesmosides and bisdesmosides isolated from Tiarella polyphylla.

Seven known oleanolic acid glycosides (1-7) were isolated from the MeOH extract of Tiarella polyphylla. The structures were identified to be 3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl) oleanolic acid (1), 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] oleanolic acid (2), 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] oleanolic acid (3), 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (4), 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (5), 3-O-[a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl] oleanolic acid (6), and 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl] oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (7) on the basis of physicochemical and spectral data. These triterpene glycosides were tested for the anticomplement activity and hemolytic activity. Bisdesmosidic saponins, 4, 5, and 7, showed anticomplement activity; in contrast, monodesmosidic saponins, 1-3, and 6, showed direct hemolytic activity. Methyl esterified monodesmosidic saponins showed anticomplement activity at a low concentration and hemolytic activity at a high concentration.

Complement Inactivator Proteins↗
PubMed1999

Demonstration of the presence of lipid peroxide-modified proteins in human atherosclerotic lesions using a novel lipid peroxide-modified anti-peptide antibody.

Immunohistochemical demonstration of oxidation-specific epitopes using antibodies developed against oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), LDL modified by products of lipid peroxidation (e.g. malondialdehyde-modified LDL), and lipid peroxide-modified albumin has been considered as strong evidence for the presence of oxidatively modified proteins in atherosclerotic lesions. However, the antigens used in the development of these antibodies were derived from lipoproteins and other proteins that are constituents of both normal and atherosclerotic arteries. In order to demonstrate the unequivocal presence of oxidatively modified proteins, we have used a 15 amino acid synthetic peptide derived from the sequence of human glycodelin. Using an antibody developed against this peptide and the second antibody developed against the lipid peroxide-modified peptide, we immunostained progressive human atherosclerotic lesions. Antibody to the unmodified peptide did not react with antigenic epitopes present in mild, moderate, or severe human atherosclerotic lesions. In contrast, the antibody developed against lipid peroxide-modified peptide highly reacted with tissue samples and provided strong evidence for the presence of lipid peroxide-modified proteins. This study suggests the presence of lipid peroxide-modified proteins in the lesion and that these epitopes are derived by direct interaction of lysine residues with lipid peroxides.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1999

The relationship among circulating insulin-like growth factor components, biochemical markers of bone turnover and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women under the age of 60.

OBJECTIVES: The changes in circulating IGF components after the menopause and the potential role of new markers of bone turnover and circulating IGF components in predicting bone mass in postmenopausal women are still controversial and the relationship between these two systems has not been investigated. The aims of this study were to investigate the changes in circulating IGF components after the menopause, to evaluate whether new markers of bone turnover and circulating IGF components reflect bone mass in postmenopausal women under the age of 60 and to study the relationship between these two systems. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS: Serum IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, osteocalcin (OST), bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPYD) and N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX) were measured in 31 premenopausal women aged 31-43 and 65 postmenopausal women aged 47-60: this latter group comprised 30 normal healthy women and 35 osteoporotic women. RESULTS: Compared with premenopausal women or normal postmenopausal women, serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels were significantly lower in osteoporotic postmenopausal women while no significant differences in serum levels of IGF-II, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 were observed. The correlations between bone turnover markers and circulating IGF components (except between serum BAP and IGF-II), and between bone turnover markers and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women were not significant. However, serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 correlated positively with BMD of the lumbar spine and/or Ward's triangle even if age, BMI and menopause duration were taken into account in a multiple regression analysis model. CONCLUSIONS: Circulating IGF-I and IGFBP-3 may be involved in the mechanism of bone loss in postmenopausal women under the age of 60. They may also provide indirect information on the current bone microenvironment different from that provided by new markers of bone turnover.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Relationship between the cagA 3' repeat region of Helicobacter pylori, gastric histology, and susceptibility to low pH.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The variation in size of Helicobacter pylori CagA is related to repeat sequences in the 3' region of the cagA gene. We investigated whether structural subtypes of the cagA 3' region are associated with presentation of the infection or to susceptibility to acid. METHODS: We examined 319 cagA-positive H. pylori isolates: 84 isolates from Bogota, Colombia; 83 from Houston, Texas; 24 from Siena, Italy; and 128 from Seoul, Korea. The cagA 3' region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Gastric histology and susceptibility to pH 3 were evaluated in relation to the number of cagA repeat regions. RESULTS: Strains with more than three repeat regions were associated with significantly higher scores for gastric mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia than those with fewer repeat regions. H. pylori strains with three repeat regions were also significantly more susceptible to pH 3 than isolates with fewer repeat regions. CONCLUSIONS: H. pylori strains with more than three repeat regions in the 3' region of the cagA gene are associated with enhanced histological injury and with reduced survival in acidic conditions. It is hypothesized that these variants arise within the stomach.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Marked differences in the frequency of microsatellite instability in gastric cancer from different countries.

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have reported variable rates of microsatellite instability (MSI) in gastric cancer. We investigated the frequency of MSI in invasive gastric carcinoma of patients from three geographic regions. METHODS: Genomic DNA from gastric cancer and nontumor tissue from 22 Korean, 20 Colombian, and 26 U.S. patients was amplified with five microsatellite markers. RESULTS: MSI was more frequently seen in gastric cancer from Korea, affecting 50% of patients, in contrast with gastric cancers from the U.S. (7%) and Colombia (15%) (p = 0.003 and p = 0.03, respectively). MSI at one locus was significantly more frequent in gastric cancer from individuals >65 yr (p = 0.01). MSI was similarly associated with both diffuse and intestinal types of gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS: MSI affects the two major histological types of gastric cancer, and was more frequent in gastric cancer from Korea than in the other countries, suggesting that the relative importance of different pathways of gastric carcinogenesis may vary in diverse regions of the world.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Relationship between Helicobacter pylori iceA, cagA, and vacA status and clinical outcome: studies in four different countries.

There is continuing interest in identifying Helicobacter pylori virulence factors that might predict the risk for symptomatic clinical outcomes. It has been proposed that iceA and cagA genes are such markers and can identify patients with peptic ulcers. We compared H. pylori isolates from four countries, looking at the cagA and vacA genotypes, iceA alleles, and presentation of the infection. We used PCR to examine iceA, vacA, and cagA status of 424 H. pylori isolates obtained from patients with different clinical presentations (peptic ulcer, gastric cancer, and atrophic gastritis). The H. pylori isolates examined included 107 strains from Bogota, Colombia, 70 from Houston, Tex., 135 from Seoul, Korea, and 112 from Kyoto, Japan. The predominant genotype differed among countries: the cagA-positive iceA1 vacA s1c-m1 genotype was predominant in Japan and Korea, the cagA-positive iceA2 vacA s1b-m1 genotype was predominant in the United States, and the cagA-positive iceA2 vacA s1a-m1 genotype was predominant in Colombia. There was no association between the iceA, vacA, or cagA status and clinical outcome in patients in the countries studied. iceA status shows considerable geographic differences, and neither iceA nor combinations of iceA, vacA, and cagA were helpful in predicting the clinical presentation of an H. pylori infection.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1999

Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: radiologic findings with histologic correlation that focuses on intramural nodules.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to histologically classify intramural nodules associated with xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis and to evaluate the radiologic findings for each type of nodule. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pathologic slides and radiologic studies including 14 sonographic and 16 CT examinations in 19 patients (12 men, seven women; mean age, 61 years) with xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis were reviewed. Radiologic findings were correlated with the histologic type of intramural nodule: abscess, xanthogranuloma, or a combination of the two. The duration of symptoms for each type of intramural nodule was also evaluated. RESULTS: Histologically, all patients had intramural nodules that were either abscesses (n = 11), xanthogranulomas (n = 5), or a combination of the two (n = 3). Radiologic studies revealed nodules in 10 patients (52.6%; four abscesses, four xanthogranulomas, and two combinations). For abscesses, the mean interval from onset of symptoms to surgery was 25 days; for xanthogranulomas, 70 days (p = .0057). Abscesses were associated with more complications of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. CONCLUSION: Intramural nodules in patients with xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis were found to represent abscesses or xanthogranulomas at histology. Xanthogranulomas were more often revealed radiologically than were abscesses. Abscesses caused more clinical complications. Because symptoms lasted longer for xanthogranulomas, we hypothesized that abscesses may become xanthogranulomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

CT features of intraperitoneal manifestations of parasitic infestation.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the CT features of intraperitoneal manifestations with parasitic infestation in nine patients. CONCLUSION: The CT features of intraperitoneal manifestations of parasitic infestation were single or multiple multiseptated cystic masses in the peritoneal cavity, hazy omental infiltration, or both. Recognizing these features is important to establish an early diagnosis that leads to rapid treatment and helps avoid unnecessary surgery.

Female↗
PubMed1999

Myelodysplastic syndrome that progressed to acute myelomonocytic leukemia with eosinophilia showing peculiar chromosomal abnormality: a case report.

Myelodysplastic syndrome is a closely related group of acquired bone marrow disorders characterized by ineffective and dysplastic hematopoiesis. These clonal disorders frequently progress to acute leukemia. Acute myelomonocytic leukemia with eosinophilia is characterized by an increase in abnormal eosinophils in the bone marrow, relatively good clinical course and inv (16) chromosomal abnormality. We experienced one case of refractory anemia with excess blasts which progressed to refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation and finally to acute myelomonocytic leukemia with eosinophilia showing peculiar chromosomal abnormalities of der (1;7).

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on antral gastrin and somatostatin cells and on serum gastrin concentrations.

OBJECTIVES: Helicobacter pylori infection induces selective reduction of the number of antral D-cells and results in abnormal regulation of serum gastrin secretion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between H. pylori infection and the numbers of G-cells and D-cells. METHODS: The numbers of antral G-cells and D-cells, the ratio of G-cells to D-cells and fasting serum gastrin concentrations were compared between 37 patients with (29 with duodenal ulcers and 8 with gastric ulcers) and 33 without H. pylori infection (22 with duodenal ulcers and 11 with gastric ulcers). Serum gastrin concentrations were measured using the radioimmunoassay technique. Antral mucosal biopsy specimens were examined using immunohistochemical staining with antibodies specific for gastrin and somatostatin and the numbers of G-cells and D-cells per gastric gland were counted. RESULTS: Fasting serum gastrin concentrations were significantly higher in patients with H. pylori infection compared to patients without infection (80.3 +/- 23.5 vs 47.6 +/- 14.1 pg/ml, p < 0.001). The number of G-cells per gastric gland was similar in infected and uninfected patients (7.1 +/- 3.1 vs 7.3 +/- 3.9, respectively, p > 0.5). The number of D-cells was significantly lower in patients with H. pylori infection than in uninfected patients in both duodenal and gastric ulcer patients (1.3 +/- 0.4 vs 2.5 +/- 1.6, respectively, p < 0.001). The ratio of G-cells to D-cells was also significantly higher in infected patients compared with uninfected patients for both gastric and duodenal ulcers (5.7 +/- 2.7 vs 3.5 +/- 1.9, respectively, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results strongly suggest that Helicobacter pylori infection induces reduction of the number of antral D-cells. The resulting relative hypofunction of the inhibitory action of D-cells against G-cells may be responsible for increased serum gastrin secretion.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1999

Application of ozone for enhancing the microbiological safety and quality of foods: a review.

Ozone (O3) is a strong antimicrobial agent with numerous potential applications in the food industry. High reactivity, penetrability, and spontaneous decomposition to a nontoxic product (i.e., O2) make ozone a viable disinfectant for ensuring the microbiological safety of food products. Ozone has been used for decades in many countries and recently, the generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status of this gas has been reaffirmed in the United States. Ozone, in the gaseous or aqueous phases, is effective against the majority of microorganisms tested by numerous research groups. Relatively low concentrations of ozone and short contact time are sufficient to inactivate bacteria, molds, yeasts, parasites, and viruses. However, rates of inactivation are greater in ozone demand-free systems than when the medium contains oxidizable organic substances. Susceptibility of microorganisms to ozone also varies with the physiological state of the culture, pH of the medium, temperature, humidity, and presence of additives (e.g., acids, surfactants, and sugars). Ozone applications in the food industry are mostly related to decontamination of product surface and water treatment. Ozone has been used with mixed success to inactivate contaminant microflora on meat, poultry, eggs, fish, fruits, vegetables, and dry foods. The gas also is useful in detoxification and elimination of mycotoxins and pesticide residues from some agricultural products. Excessive use of ozone, however, may cause oxidation of some ingredients on food surface. This usually results in discoloration and deterioration of food flavor. Additional research is needed to elucidate the kinetics and mechanisms of microbial inactivation by ozone and to optimize its use in food applications.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1998

Small-subunit ribosomal DNA of an ectomycorrhizal fungus tricholoma matsutake: sequence, structure and phylogenetic analysis.

A 2861 bp nucleotide sequence containing Tricholoma matsutake SSU rRNA gene and its flanking regions was determined and analyzed. Comparison with known SSU rDNA sequences and primer extension analysis revealed that the SSU rRNA coding region and intergenic spacer 2 (IGS2) are 1805 bp and 1043 bp in length, respectively. The IGS2 has an imperfect direct repeat (type 1) homologous to the region downstream to the 5S rRNA gene and the three imperfect tandem direct repeats (type 2) upstream to the SSU rRNA-encoding sequence. Structural analysis by a comparative method showed that the overall secondary structure of the SSU rRNA is generally similar to that of S. cerevisiae, whereas the secondary structures of the V4 regions predicted by the thermodynamics-based method showed different configurations between distantly related taxa, implying that these structural differences can provide phylogenetically informative features. Phylogenetic trees based on both the aligned SSU rRNA sequences with almost full-length sequences and V4 sequences revealed that T. matsutake is very closely related to other basidiomycetes belonging to Agaricales. Thus we propose that the V4 region is also a good source for the inference of phylogeny to support the SSU rRNA phylogeny.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1998

A secreted DNA-binding protein that is translated through an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and distributed in a discrete pattern in the central nervous system.

Internal initiation of translation, a mechanism infrequently used by cellular messages, avoids the requirement of a methyl cap structure for translation of messenger RNAs. The mRNA transcript encoding the DNA-binding protein MYT2 represents one of the exceptional cellular messages that contains an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). The RNA pseudoknot structure located in the 5' untranslated region of MYT2 functions to promote translation in vivo. MYT2 was cloned by its specific binding to a TTCCA motif in the promoter region of a glial-specific gene, myelin proteolipid protein. MYT2 also recognizes single-stranded nucleic acids. In the central nervous system, MYT2 protein is found in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, subsets of neurons, and cells of the choroid plexus together with ciliated ependymal cells. MYT2 protein can also be secreted from cells, an atypical event for a DNA-binding protein. The presence of an internal ribosome entry site in MYT2, together with the unusual localization of MYT2, suggests that this nucleic acid-binding protein may be in the class of proteins involved in cellular growth control and survival in the nervous system.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Generation and characterization of a polyclonal antipeptide antibody to human glycodelin.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and characterize an antiglycodelin antibody using a 15-amino acid synthetic peptide as antigen, derived from the sequence of human glycodelin. DESIGN: We have developed a chicken antiglycodelin-derived peptide antibody and have characterized the antibody with the use of endometrial and ovarian cell lines. The antibody was also tested for its ability to detect glycodelin by ELISA assay, immunocytochemistry, and by Western blot. SETTING: Various cell lines, cell culture medium, and amniotic fluid were used in the experiments. PATIENT(S): Amniotic fluid was collected from pregnant patients in their first trimester of pregnancy. INTERVENTION(S): No intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Detection of glycodelin. RESULT(S): The cell lines RL95-2 (human endometrial carcinoma cells), OVCAR-3 (human ovarian adenocarcinoma cells), HeLa (human cervical epitheloid carcinoma cells), and EM42-D (human endometrial epithelial cells) reacted with the antibody, indicating the presence of glycodelin. A specific 45-kd protein representing glycodelin was detected by Western blot in the amniotic fluid. CONCLUSION(S): Antipeptide antibodies can be successfully used to detect and quantify the presence of glycodelin in cells and fluids.

Adenocarcinoma↗