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Biomedical subjects

J G Kelly

Publications and source records attributed to J G Kelly.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Adrenergic receptors in depression. Effects of electroconvulsive therapy.

Platelet alpha 2-and lymphocyte beta 2-adrenoceptor densities, plasma noradrenaline and serum cortisol were measured before, during and one week after a course of EEG-monitored electroconvulsive therapy, in nine depressed patients. A 50% fall in Hamilton Depression Rating scores occurred after a fairly consistent total seizure time, regardless of the amount of ECT given. Platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptor densities showed a statistically significant fall after three ECTs, but were unchanged after the full course of ECT and were independent of clinical change. Lymphocyte beta 2-adrenoceptor densities were unaltered. Plasma noradrenaline concentrations were initially high, and fell with ECT in a manner paralleling clinical recovery. Plasma noradrenaline may be a more useful index of central changes during antidepressant treatment than peripheral blood cell receptor densities.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Cardiac sensitivity to isoprenaline, lymphocyte beta-adrenoceptors and age.

The heart rate response to isoprenaline in 11 subjects aged 19-46 years was compared with lymphocyte beta-adrenoceptor numbers and lymphocyte cyclic AMP responsiveness. The dose of isoprenaline required to increase heart rate by 25 beats/min ( CD25 ) increased as a function of age (r 0.79; P less than 0.01). Lymphocyte receptor numbers also correlated directly with age (r 0.61; P less than 0.05), but there was no true correlation between CD25 and lymphocyte receptor numbers. Baseline and maximum lymphocyte cyclic AMP concentrations in response to isoprenaline stimulation in vitro were unrelated to age, CD25 or receptor numbers. This study confirms previous findings of a reduced responsiveness with age and a rise in receptor numbers in young and middle-aged adults. However, the decline in the heart response to isoprenaline was unrelated to any measurable change in beta-adrenoceptor concentration or responses, at least in the isolated lymphocyte.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Pharmacokinetics of digoxin alone and in the presence of indomethacin therapy.

The effects of maintenance indomethacin therapy on single dose digoxin pharmacokinetics and dynamics were studied in six healthy volunteers with normal renal function. Indomethacin did not alter the elimination half-life, systemic clearance or distribution of digoxin. No pharmacodynamic interaction as assessed by changes in the systolic time intervals QA2 and LVET was found. This study does not lend support for a significant digoxin-indomethacin interaction in man.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of digoxin in the presence of lithium.

Previous biochemical and clinical data suggest there may be an interaction between digoxin and lithium. The pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of an intravenous infusion of digoxin were studied in six male subjects before and after 2 weeks treatment with lithium carbonate. The effects of lithium on sodium pump activity, intracellular electrolytes and extracellular electrolytes were studied. No significant interaction between digoxin and lithium was found. No significant effects of lithium on sodium pump activity or electrolyte concentrations were found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The efficacy of indapamide in hypertensive patients failing to respond to a beta-blocker alone.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 2.5 mg indapamide in 24 hypertensive patients failing to respond to oxprenolol alone. An additional 6 patients were assessed by ambulatory blood pressure recordings over a 15-hour period with a Remler M2,000 semi-automatic sphygmomanometer. On average, indapamide reduced supine blood pressure by 18.5/10 mmHg and standing blood pressure by 19.6/8.9 mmHg. The ambulatory recordings carried out in 6 patients detected a fall in diastolic pressure not observed using clinic readings in these 6 patients, suggesting that this is a more sensitive method of detecting antihypertensive effect. These responses were not associated with significant changes in heart rate or body weight and there was no significant postural fall in blood pressure. No serious side-effects were reported. Changes in serum potassium, chloride and urate similar to those seen with diuretics were observed. These results suggest that indapamide is a useful and safe adjunct to beta-adrenoceptor blocking therapy for uncontrolled hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Erythrocyte cation transport and age: effects of digoxin and furosemide.

The uptake of rubidium 86 (86Rb) by human erythrocytes was measured at various ages. Effects of digoxin and furosemide on this process were examined and, in the case of digoxin, related to its numbers of specific cellular binding sites. There were no significant effects of age on absolute cellular Rb uptake, digoxin-sensitive Rb uptake, or numbers of cellular binding sites for digoxin, but the ability of digoxin to inhibit digoxin-sensitive 86Rb uptake increased with age. The ability of furosemide to inhibit digoxin-insensitive 86Rb uptake did not change with age. Results suggest a dynamic contribution to altered sensitivity to digoxin in elderly persons.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Perhexiline during exercise training in coronary heart disease.

The effects of low-dose perhexiline on the exercise training response of 22 male patients, 14 after myocardial infarction and 8 after coronary artery bypass who underwent exercise training, were examined. All subjects underwent treadmill exercise testing and resting left ventricular function evaluation by radionuclide ventriculography before and after an 8-wk course of three-times-weekly exercise training. Blood levels of perhexiline confirmed that there was a steady state sufficient for antianginal therapy. There were no side effects. There were improvements in exercise tolerance in treated and placebo groups. There were no significant intergroup differences. Resting left ventricular ejection fraction and end-systolic and diastolic dimensions were not altered. Resting blood pressures were not affected by treatment. There was no evidence of a beta-adrenoceptor-blocking effect. Perhexiline during exercise training did not impair the training response.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1983

The effect of digoxin on 86rubidium uptake by erythrocytes from mothers and babies.

1 The uptake of 86rubidium by erythrocytes from mothers and babies has been used as a model system to investigate possible differences in sensitivity to digoxin in the very young. 2 While total 86rubidium uptake was not significantly different between mothers and babies, the digoxin-sensitive proportion was higher in neonatal erythrocytes. Neonatal cells were less sensitive to digoxin, demonstrated by the requirement for a larger amount of digoxin to inhibit 86rubidium uptake and this was accompanied by an increase in numbers of specific erythrocyte binding sites for digoxin. 3 These results provide further evidence in support of the hypothesis of decreased sensitivity to digoxin in the very young.

Digoxin↗
PubMed1983

Beta-adrenoceptor adaptation to acute exercise.

The effects of strenuous exercise on lymphocyte beta-adrenoceptor density and responsiveness in nine men were biphasic. There was an initial increase in receptor density, seen immediately after exercise, with a subsequent decline to below pre-exercise values. In parallel, maximum isoprenaline-stimulated cyclic AMP production by lymphocytes was greatly increased at the end of exercise and decreased thereafter. The increases seen at the end of exercise may be of functional significance and may represent a response of the tissue to the demands placed upon it. After a time, however, a desensitization process takes over, possibly with a protective role.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1982

Toxicity testing in relation to aging.

Clinical evaluation of drugs is usually carried out in young adult subjects or patients and the data obtained is extrapolated to other drug users, e.g., the very old. Similarly, preclinical toxicity testing is invariably done in young animals. However, the main brunt of adverse drug reactions is borne by the elderly age group. Also many determinants of drug response - pathophysiology, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are different in the elderly. It is important to evaluate drug response both wanted and unwanted with this population in mind. Thus, it is appropriate that clinical effects be assessed in elderly populations if the drug is intended for use in this group.

Aging↗